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1.
中国对虾微卫星DNA引物的设计及筛选   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据建立的中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)部分基因组文库,对筛选的含微卫星DNA序列的克隆设计了28对引物,筛选出5对微卫星多态性引物,并用这5对引物对中国对虾的养殖群体20个个体进行了遗传多样性分析。在这5个微卫星位点中,虽然.RS0871位点是多态位点,但其等位基因数、杂合度和多态信息含量都比较低。其余4个微卫星位点可产生6~8个等位基因,等位基因的大小分布在142~364bp,基本上符合引物设计时理论产物长度。这些微卫星位点的期望杂合度的范围为0.7577~0.8064,表明它们都有较高的杂合度。仅有位点RS0956的观察杂合度与期望值有较大的出入,其他微卫星位点的这两值基本相符。有4个微卫星位点的PIC值较高,在0.7180~0.7709。因此,除RS0871位点以外的4个微卫星位点均可用于中国对虾种群遗传结构分析,这将为中国对虾品种选育、种系评估提供更多的微卫星DNA信息。  相似文献   

2.
孔沛球  申玉春  刘堃 《水产科学》2011,30(7):409-414
应用微卫星DNA(SSR)标记技术对福建(FJ)、湛江(ZJ)、北海(BH)地理群体的150尾日本囊对虾个体进行遗传多样性分析.10对微卫星引物在3个群体中共检测到27个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为2~4个.平均多态信息含量为0.3074~0.3645,平均观测杂合度为0.2960~0.4212,平均期望杂合度为0...  相似文献   

3.
利用筛选的16对微卫星标记对来自于湖南湘西龙山县乌龙山3个不同洞穴的盲高原鳅群体进行遗传多样性及遗传分化分析.通过计算多态信息含量、平均杂合度、等位基因数、遗传距离、基因流、F-统计量等参数,评估各盲高原鳅群体遗传多样性和各群体间遗传分化.16个微卫星标记在3个群体中共检测出83个等位基因.每个座位检测到3~8个等位基因不等.3个群体各个多态位点的平均观测杂合度分别为0.362 5~0.946 5,平均期望杂合度为0.538 6~0.906 5.3个群体多态微卫星位点的PIC分别为0.263 2、0.231 3、0.303 5,选取的16个微卫星位点中2个为高度多态,2个为低度多态,其余为中度多态.分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,遗传变异大部分(92.84%)来自群体内,仅有7.16%的变异来自于群体间,数据表明3个群体处于未分化状态,遗传一致性较大.  相似文献   

4.
文章采用微卫星标记技术,对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT strain Oreochromis niloticus)抗病群体和易感病群体进行了遗传差异分析。结果显示:在30个微卫星位点中20个能扩增出多态性高、重复性好和扩增条带清晰;抗病群体和易感病群体的平均等位基因数分别为2.5和2.4个;观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.476和0.453,0.44和0.457;多态信息含量PIC分别为0.359和0.379;UNH845和UNH189位点在抗病群体中偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05),GM180位点在易感病群体偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,两个群体间的遗传距离和遗传分化指数0.055和0.054。此外GM251和GM462位点的差异等位基因片段(135bp和198bp)与抗病性状存在一定的连锁关系。以上结果表明,吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼抗病群体与易感病群体之间的遗传多样性差异不明显,筛选出2个与抗病性状相关的微卫星标记,为开展吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼抗病品种分子标记辅助选育奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
基于26个微卫星标记的三江水系草鱼遗传多样性分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
选取26个微卫星标记对来自长江(监利、邗江)、黑龙江、珠江3个水系的4个野生草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明,26个微卫星位点均为高度多态位点,草鱼4个地理群体的多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.581 3~0.638 6;共检测出141个等位基因,其中有102个为共有等位基因;每个位点有等位基因2~11个,平均等位基因5.46,平均有效等位基因3.455 6。4个地理群体野生草鱼的平均杂合度在0.711 4~0.804 5之间。群体间遗传固定指数(FST)及AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传分化并不显著(FST=0.031 73)。基于DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,监利群体与邗江群体这两个长江水系野生地理群体聚为一支,然后与珠江群体聚为一支,黑龙江群体单独聚为一支。长江群体是原始群体。综上所述,三江水系野生草鱼具有较高的遗传多样性,4个群体之间遗传分化并不明显。  相似文献   

6.
利用磁珠富集法构建的基因组文库和EST文库开发了30个文蛤多态性微卫星标记。8个G-SSR和22个EST-SSR多态性位点共获得140个等位基因,平均等位基因数为4.67,多态性信息含量、观测杂合度、期望杂合度分别介于0.172~0.744、0.040~0.720、0.187~0.793之间;G-SSRs的平均等位基因数、平均多态性信息含量、平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度都较EST-SSRs高;Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测发现,24个位点偏离了平衡状态;利用BLASTx对含多态性SSR位点的EST进行功能注释,11个位点来自注释基因序列。 将30对文蛤多态性SSR引物分别在斧文蛤和帘文蛤中进行了通用性检测,通用率分别为30%和40%。这些微卫星多态性位点的获得,为进一步开展文蛤遗传多样性分析、种质资源评价、分子标记辅助选育等奠定基础,并且可用于文蛤、斧文蛤和帘文蛤的比较作图、基因发掘和QTL定位等研究。  相似文献   

7.
本文采用磁珠富集法筛选新疆扁吻鱼(Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day)的微卫星分子标记,获得13个位点,同时随机抽取1000对鲤引物检测扁吻鱼同源位点的多态性,获得具多态性位点18对。应用31对引物对扁吻鱼与塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizthorax biddulphi)进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到110个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为2~6个,扁吻鱼群体平均多态信息含量为0.5353,平均观测杂合度为0.5306,平均期望杂合度为0.6057。表明扁吻鱼群体多态性较高,遗传多样性处于中等偏上水平。群体间遗传距离为0.4763,遗传相似系数为0.6211,表明两个群体为同科不同属的群体。  相似文献   

8.
利用微卫星标记对2012年3月和6月分别构建的两批共17个合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)选育基础群体进行了遗传多样性分析。6对微卫星引物在17个群体共680个个体中检测到29个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在2~7之间,平均有效等位基因数在2.06~3.07之间,平均观测杂合度在0.31~0.58之间,平均期望杂合度在0.46~0.65之间,平均多态信息含量在0.39~0.58之间,高度多态(PIC≥0.50)群体有11个(占64.7%)。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验(卡方检验)的结果显示,在检测得到的102个数据结果中,有53个(占52.0%)极显著地偏离了Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡(P0.01)。从遗传偏离指数(D)的结果可以看出,17个群体在不同的微卫星位点存在不同程度的杂合子缺失现象。本研究表明,两批群体的遗传多样性参数非常接近,每个群体的遗传多样性都较高,对群体之间的遗传距离和遗传分化格局有了初步的把握,为下一步交配设计构建下一代核心群体奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
中间球海胆野生和养殖群体遗传结构的微卫星分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用28对微卫星DNA分子标记对中间球海胆的1个野生和1个养殖群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:在28个基因座中,共检测到91个等位基因,每个基因座位检测到的等位基因数为2~6个,2个群体的平均等位基因数均为3.071 4,平均有效等位基因数分别为2.231 9、2.227 1,平均观察杂合度分别为0.523 4、0.536 5,平均期望杂合度为0.486 8、0.499 3,平均多态信息含量为0.447 7、0.439 6,群体间的多态性差异不显著。2个群体间的遗传相似系数为0.758 7,遗传距离为0.276 2。经HardyWeinberg平衡的卡方检验,有50%的位点显著偏离HardyWeinberg平衡。通过F检验发现,两个群体均处于不同程度的杂合子过剩状态。群体间发生分化程度很弱,遗传变异主要来自群体内个体之间。  相似文献   

10.
草鱼EST-SSRs标记的筛选及其与生长性状相关分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)EST(expressed sequence tags)数据库开发的18个EST-SSR标记,对草鱼群体进行基因型与生长性状关联分析和群体遗传多样性分析,结果表明:关联分析得到6个微卫星位点(13118、13305、24017、25085、35939和40698)与体重,体长和体高显著或极显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对其进行多重比较获得有利基因型分别为13118位点的BB、13305位点的AD、24017位点的AC、25085位点的BE、35939位点的BB和40698位点的BB。将6个微卫星位点上的EST序列与GenBank数据库进行BLAST比对,其中24017序列与鲤鱼自然杀伤细胞增强因子(NCEF)同源性水平高达86%,25085序列与草鱼反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的基因同源性水平达到80%。应用这18个微卫星位点对草鱼养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到82个等位基因,平均等位基因4.556个,每个位点检测到的等位基因数为2~9个,群体的平均观测杂合度为0.452 9,平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.457 1和0.401 7,表明该群体遗传多样性处于低水平。  相似文献   

11.
The genetic composition of consecutive year classes of two farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), strains was assessed, using starch gel electrophoresis of 11 enzymes encoded by a minimum of 23 loci, many of which have been shown to be polymorphic in previous studies. Angle frequencies at the majority of polymorphic loci varied significantly between year classes of each strain. Several alleles which were present at low frequency in the 1900 year classes, were absent in the samples from the 1991 cohorts. However, mean heterozygosity per locus (H) did not differ significantly between year classes of either strain, illustrating that allelic diversity is a more sensitive indicator of loss of genetic variability than mean heterozygosity. This heterogeneity between cohorts is probably due either to broodstock maintenance practices such as the use of insufficient numbers of spawners, or, in the case of one strain, to bottlenecking caused by selection for late maturation and increased growth rate. Genetic monitoring of all year classes of reared strains is suggested, if insufficient breeding and distribution records are available from egg producers. Such records are often unavailable in commercial situations.  相似文献   

12.
Genetic variation fuels selective change in natural and captive populations. In establishing a broodstock for selective improvement, the level of genetic diversity is an important consideration because it provides an indication of the scope for selective progress. Three domesticated strains of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were examined at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess detectable levels of allelic diversity and heterozygosity within and differentiation among the strains. A total of 126 alleles were observed to segregate into unique multilocus genotypes for each of the 152 individuals assayed. There was an average heterozygosity of 71.5% at these nine loci, and an average of 14 alleles at a locus. Each locus was represented by alleles unique to at least two of the three strains. Deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations of genotype frequencies were detected in each strain. Subsequent analysis indicated sub‐structuring within strains leading to Wahlund effects that caused these deviations. Significant differences in genotype frequencies and pairwise FST values demonstrated that all strains were unique. The overall FST of 0.089 provides additional evidence of unique genetic diversity present in each strain, and agrees well with the degree of genetic variation found in rainbow trout across broad geographical ranges. The genetic diversity contributed by each population suggests that there is greater scope for selective improvement of numerous traits within a synthetic strain combining these three strains than within any individual strain.  相似文献   

13.
棘头梅童鱼七个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
为研究中国沿海地区棘头梅童鱼群体的遗传多样性,利用微卫星标记技术,采用9对微卫星引物对中国连云港(LYG)、大丰(DF)、崇明(CM)、舟山(ZS)、温州(WZ)、宁德(ND)、厦门(XM)棘头梅童鱼7个野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,实验检测到63个等位基因,各位点等位基因数为3~13个,有效等位基因数为1.7510~8.0317;各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)为0.3596~0.7854,期望杂合度(He)为0.4300~0.8780;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.3604~0.8631,其中有2个位点表现为中度多态(0.25PIC0.5),7个位点表现为高度多态(PIC0.5),具有较丰富的遗传多样性水平。Hardy-Weinber平衡分析显示,7个群体的大部分位点未偏离平衡。基于群体间Nei氏标准遗传距离构建的7个野生群体UPGMA系统进化树结果显示,ND和WZ群体遗传关系最近,ZS和WZ群体遗传关系最远,WZ和ND聚为一支,但总体上没有显著的遗传分化。  相似文献   

14.
We conducted a population genetic analysis of Penaeus stylirostris to describe the genetic variability in two wild samples (Guaymas and Peñasco) and in two cultivated strains (A and B), and to determine the relationship among samples. Seventeen enzymatic systems and general proteins were used to visualize 31 loci. Of the 31 loci, 11 polymorphic loci (35%) were detected in all the organisms, with an average heterozygosity of 0.10 and an average of 1.8 per locus. There were no significant differences among the four samples of observed heterozygosity or percentage of polymorphic loci. According to Hardy–Weinberg, both cultivated strains showed disequilibrium in more loci than the wild samples. Guaymas showed linkage disequilibrium in five pairs of polymorphic loci, Peñasco samples in two pairs, A in seven pairs, and B in nine pairs. Peñasco and both cultivated lineages showed evidence of recent reductions in their effective populations size. Based on the comparisons of Fst values, and the distribution of the allelic frequencies, the cultivated strains were significantly different from the two wild populations. There is evidence that strain B originated from A and the discrepancies between the strains are probably the result of genetic drift and a founder effect.  相似文献   

15.
Ten populations of Penaeus kerathurus (Forskäl), a prawn of high commercial value, were sampled from the eastern and western Mediterranean coastal waters of Tunisia and screened electrophoretically for genetic variation at 13 allozyme loci. Four among the six polymorphic loci were out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (H–WE) in at least one population. In the same way, the multilocus test showed deviation from H–WE in six populations. These populations showed heterozygote deficiency whereas the average heterozygosity for the four remaining ones is quite similar to the expected levels. Genetic variability was low. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 (average=1.3), and the observed heterozygosity varied between 0.010 and 0.048 (average=0.021). Significant population differentiation (FST=0.076, P<0.05) in the total data set reflected the differentiation of the two populations, which were at the margins of the range sampled, from all the others (Pairwise FST values ranged from 0.035 to 0.208). Although there was no significant differentiation among the other populations (pairwise FST values ranged from ?0.006 to 0.201, P>0.05). Our data suggest a population structure consistent with separation by Mediterranean Sea basins that might reflect different local biogeographical zones.  相似文献   

16.
为分析中、韩、俄沿海刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)种质遗传结构,本研究采用SSR指纹图谱技术对中国青岛、烟台,韩国浦项、群山、木浦,俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克的不同刺参群体进行遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建。结果显示,13个微卫星座位的平均观测杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.47和0.80。13个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)为0.465(AJ06)~0.909(AJ09),除AJ06为中度多态性(0.250.50)。单个位点的等位基因数(A)为10(AJ06)~34(AJ07),平均等位基因数为19.4个。各位点的有效等位基因共83.8个,各位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.7(AJ06)~11.8(AJ09),平均有效等位基因数为6.5。各群体遗传多样性分析结果显示,8个群体的PIC指数为0.6392(韩国木浦)~0.7122(中国青岛),说明相应群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。构建的DNA指纹图谱可将所采集的8个群体区分开。遗传结构分析结果显示,8个刺参群体分配到3个自由交配群中,与UPGMA聚类分析结果相一致。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,中国青岛、烟台群体与韩国木浦黑参群体聚为一支,俄罗斯刺参群体、韩国浦项黄参群体、韩国群山黑参群体和韩国浦项黑参群体聚为一支,而韩国浦项红参群体作为外群,单独聚为一支。刺参分群及聚类分析表明,不同群体的遗传结构及遗传分化情况不仅与地理位置相关,还与刺参体色有一定的相关性。本研究结果可为刺参种质资源保护及不同地理种群刺参的鉴别提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

17.
本文利用15对微卫星分子标记,对德国镜鲤选育系F4天津群体中的高背型和长条型德国镜鲤的遗传结构进行分析.结果表明:两种体型德国镜鲤F4群体平均等位基因数分别为5.0和5.1,平均期望杂合度分别为0.5527和0.5591,平均观测杂合度分别为0.5906和0.5824,平均多态信息含量分别为0.5653和0.5470.以卡方检验估计群体Hardy-Weinberg平衡显示有大部分位点发生了偏离.两体型间遗传相似性为0.8330,相似性较高.群体间遗传分化微弱(Fst=0.0242),群体内变异占总变异的97.58%.说明高背型德国镜鲤和长条型德国镜鲤在遗传结构上差异较小.由天津群体的等位基因数为5.05,期望杂合度为0.5559,观测杂合度为0.5865,多态信息含量为0.5562,可知天津群体属于中度多态,遗传多样性保持较高水平.  相似文献   

18.
Ten enzymatic systems were analyzed to determine allozyme genetic differentiation among three hatchery strains (A, B and C) of white shrimp, Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, commonly used in shrimp farming in northwest Mexico. A wild population from northern Sinaloa was used as a reference. Fifteen loci were detected, nine of which were polymorphic (ACP-1*, ACP-2*, AKP-2*, EST-2*, EST-3*, EST-4*, EST-5*, LAP*, and LDH*). Polymorphism of A, B and C were 53, 53, and 40%. The mean observed heterozygosity per locus was 0.071, 0.093, and 0.050 without any significant difference among them or with respect to the wild population (0.056). In all samples observed heteroxygosity was smaller than expected. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.8 in A and 1.87 in both B and C. Strain A was the only sample without rare alleles. Only EST-3* and LAP* of strain A were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; the other loci were in disequilibrium in all samples. High inbreeding values and heterozygote deficiencies were detected in all samples. Distribution of allelic frequencies was heterogeneous among the samples (G-test), involving all polymorphic loci and suggesting a genetic differentiation. According to Fst, a moderate genetic differentiation (7.4%) was detected among the samples. Greater differences were between strains A and C. Based on genetic distance, the samples were grouped into two pairs, B-C and A-wild. Strain A is a young strain related to the wild sample, whereas strains B and C have a different geographic origin than the wild sample.  相似文献   

19.
为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。  相似文献   

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