阳离子、葡萄糖及渗透压对丁(鱼岁)精子活力的影响

利用KCl、NaCl、CaCl2和葡萄糖配制成不同渗透压的溶液,丁(鱼岁)精子在453.0 kPa KCl溶液、226.5 kPa NaCl溶液和葡萄糖溶液中的活力最强,寿命最长;566.3 kPa已完全抑制精子在这3种溶液中的活动.葡萄糖能有效延长精子寿命,表明丁(鱼岁)精子具有利用外源性葡萄糖的能力.56.7 kPa CaCl2已构成对精子的抑制作用,并引起精子聚集,而且随Ca2+浓度增高,对精子的抑制作用和聚集程度更严重.     

阳离子、葡萄糖及渗透压对丁精子活力的影响

利用KCl、NaCl、CaCl2和葡萄糖配制成不同渗透压的溶液,丁鱼岁精子在453 0kPaKCl溶液、226 5kPaNaCl溶液和葡萄糖溶液中的活力最强,寿命最长;566 3kPa已完全抑制精子在这3种溶液中的活动。葡萄糖能有效延长精子寿命,表明丁鱼岁精子具有利用外源性葡萄糖的能力。56 7kPaCaCl2已构成对精子的抑制作用,并引起精子聚集,而且随Ca2+浓度增高,对精子的抑制作用和聚集程度更严重。     

环境因子对胭脂鱼精子活力影响的研究

通过观察精子的快速运动时间和寿命,研究了6种环境因子对胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker)精子活力的影响。结果表明:胭脂鱼精子对酸碱的耐受能力较强,在pH值为4~10时,精子均可以快速运动,且在pH值为8时精子的活力最强。不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、葡萄糖、CaCl2、MaCl2溶液对胭脂鱼精子运动的诱导效果不同。5种溶液最适于胭脂鱼精子运动的浓度分别为:NaCl 102 mmol/L;KCl 75 mmol/L;葡萄糖100 mmol/L;CaCl275.6 mmol/L;MgCl275.6 mmol/L。且在5种溶液低浓度时精子活力较强,超过一定浓度精子的运动开始被抑制。     

白梭吻鲈精子超微结构及K+、Ca2+、葡萄糖对其活力的影响

为了探究白梭吻鲈(Sander lucioperca)精子的结构及活力特点,采用扫描电镜观察其超微结构,并将其置于不同浓度的KCl、CaCl2和葡萄糖溶液中,在光镜下观察不同溶液对其活力的影响。结果显示:白梭吻鲈精子由头部、中段和尾部3个部分组成,其头部接近于圆形,长约1.8μm,宽约1.5μm,主要由细胞核构成,前端无顶体;中段位于细胞核外侧,长约0.4μm;尾部细长,属于典型的单鞭毛结构。适当浓度的KCl、CaCl2及葡萄糖溶液可以延长精子寿命,最适KCl浓度为75~100 mmol/L,精子快速运动持续时间的峰值为(51.54±7.04)s,精子寿命峰值为(300.34±16.69)s;最适Ca Cl2浓度为75 mmol/L,精子快速运动持续时间的峰值和寿命峰值分别为(41.07±0.83)、(104.24±4.00)s;最适葡萄糖浓度为150 mmol/L,精子快速运动持续时间的峰值和寿命峰值分别为(45.12±4.03)、(262.60±18.08)s。     

不同浓度的K~+、Ca~(2+)和葡萄糖对乌原鲤精子活力的影响

通过观察精子的快速运动时间和寿命,研究了不同浓度梯度的K+、Ca2+和葡萄糖溶液对乌原鲤精子活力的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的K+、Ca2+和葡萄糖溶液对乌原鲤精子运动的诱导效果不同。3种溶液最适于乌原鲤精子运动的浓度分别为:K+100 mmol/L;Ca2+37.8 mmol/L;葡萄糖125mmol/L,且在这3种溶液低浓度时精子活力较强,超过一定浓度精子的运动开始被抑制。     

洗卵液中高白鲑精子运动时间的研究

本对高白鲑精子在虹鳟鱼用洗卵液、以及变动洗卵液中不同离子浓度、不同渗透压时的运动时间进行了初步探讨。高白鲑精子在200mOsm/kg渗透压时，其精子的活力最强。当KCl浓度达20mM以上时可抑制其精子的活动，当CaCl2浓度达50mM时精子亦未产生运动。洗卵液中KCl浓度在0－10mM、CaCl2浓度在2－30mM之间，其精子的运动未见明显差异。     

环境因子对大黄鱼精子活力的影响

通过观测精子的激活率、活动时间和寿命研究了几种环境因子的变化对养殖大黄鱼精子活力的影响。试验结果表明:精子平均密度为(1.17±0.09)×1010.ml-1,盐度对大黄鱼精子活力影响较大。当海水盐度适宜(19.61~24.87)时,精子的激活率≥90%,活动时间≥9.65 min,寿命≥13.50 min;在pH=4.0~10.0的海水中,精子都能被正常激活(≥70%),适宜的pH值为7.5~8.0;不同浓度的葡萄糖、NaCl和KCl溶液对精子活力的影响不同,不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液均不能激活精子;无Ca2 、Mg2 或HCO3-的人工海水对精子的激活率均高达90%,但精子的活动时间却有较大幅度的缩减。     

Na+、K+对高白鲑精子活力影响的初步研究

研究了赛里木湖高白鲑精子在盐度为0-0.8%的NaCl和KCl的溶液中的活动情况。结果显示，高白鲑精子在0.5%-0.6%的NaCl溶液中表现出最好的活力；0.1%的K^ 对精子已有明显的抑制作用，并且抑制效应随K^ 含量的升高而增强。     

鲤、团头鲂精子生理生态特性的研究──Ⅲ．单糖和渗透压对精子活力的影响

作者观察了鲤、团头鲂精子在０（去离子水）－３００毫渗渗透压的Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－葡萄糖和Ｄ－果糖溶液中的活动情况。结果表明，在这三种单糖溶液里，鲤、团头鲂精子活动的变化规律是一致的。精子快速运动和寿命的时间是以在Ｄ－半乳糖溶液中为最长。这两种鱼精子对这三种单糖的吸收、利用存在差别。     

人工诱导花鳗鲡的精巢发育成熟及其精子的生物学特性

用肌肉注射HCG的处理方式（剂量为500U/㎏•体重，每周注射1次，注射时间为6周）诱导雄性花鳗鲡性腺发育成熟，成熟率达80.0%。对人工催熟花鳗鲡精子的生物学特性研究结果表明：花鳗鲡精子头部长径为3.81±0.69µm，短径为1.24±0.15µm；尾部长度为24.83±3.05µm；精液pH为7.3~7.5，精子密度为1.02×1010尾/ mL。精子的适宜盐度为15~20，其中盐度为15时，精子激活比率最高，快速运动时间以及精子的寿命最长。精子的pH适宜范围为6.0~8.0，pH值过高或过低都会影响精子的活力与寿命。另外,4 种金属离子(Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+和K+)对花鳗鲡精子活力与寿命的影响趋势基本一致，金属离子浓度过高或过低都会抑制精子的活力、缩短快速运动时间和寿命。而MgCl2、CaCl2、KCl、NaCl溶液浓度为0.4~0.6g/mL时，精子活力最好，最高激活比率为3级（41.0%~60.0%）。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

头足类耳石微化学研究进展

耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。     

不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养技术的研究

4种不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养结果表明：常温下,A33是最适宜培养的藻种,经4天培养,藻细胞密度可达到114×104cell／ml,细胞生长率达到0．369;其次是A23、A140、A5藻种,细胞生长率分别为0．317、0．314、0．234。控温条件下,4种品系杜氏藻细胞生长速度明显增高,是常温条件下的1．2倍。     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

台风对江苏近海海表温度的影响分析与探讨

利用中国台风网"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径资料数据"和多卫星遥感观测资料,本文对2011年09号梅花台风、2011年06号马鞍台风和2012年10号达维台风在发展过程对中国江苏近海海域海温的影响进行了分析与探讨,并辅助以沿岸的海温实测资料进行对比验证,借此提高对近海海域上层海洋物理环境对台风响应的认识。分析结果表明,台风对近海SST的影响程度与台风自身强度和台风的移动路径密切相关,近海SST降低区域一般位于台风路径的右侧,最大SST降低一般滞后台风中心两天或一天。当台风在远海活动并靠近江苏近海时,江苏近海海域SST略有上升;当台风进入江苏近海时,近海海域SST大幅降低;登陆台风在登陆后近海才出现最大降温。