鱼类越冬池移植菹草的研究

2004年在黑龙江省安达市氧化泡2^#越冬池进行移植菹草对鱼类安全越冬效果试验，结果表明，透明度增加了58cm,达到170cm；溶解氧（DO）增加了2．4mg／L，达10．3mg／L；鱼类安全越冬成活率在80％以上．越冬效果较为理想。     

北方鲈土池越冬技术研究

鲈苗经中间培育和强化培育后，在养虾池改造成的土池中越冬３个多月，采取生物增氧等措施，越冬成活率达９６％以上。认为适宜池水深２．００￣２．６７ｍ，透明度应控制在４８￣６６ｃｍ，溶解氧保持在５ｍｇ／Ｌ以上。     

越冬池冰下浮游生物、溶氧、pH值相互关系及对鱼类越冬影响的研究

本文报道了松浦试验场（哈尔滨地区1996－1997年越冬期冰下浮游生物、溶解氧、pH值的相互关系及对越冬鱼类的影响。4个试验地浮游植物生物量平均为26．83mg/L,优势种类为小环藻、甲藻、隐藻、直链藻等;最稳定的优势种是小环藻,浮游动物生物量平均为3．29mg/L。轮虫类是影响浮游动物变化的主要因子。探讨了鱼类越冬成活率与浮游生物、溶解氧、pH值之间的关系。找出了影响鱼类越冬成活率的主要因子。     

文蛤稚贝室外越冬技术的研究

通过对文蛤稚贝室外网箱越冬技术研究，解决了文蛤育苗产业化生产中稚贝在北方地区越冬难度大越冬成活率低等技术问题，找出一条适合北方特点的有效越冬方法及途径。2000年10月至2001年5月在盘山县双良育苗场2个室外越冬池，放入20个越冬网箱，稚贝2．0亿枚，稚贝越冬密度44万枚／m^2，平均壳长1000μm，进行了室外越冬试验。在盐度25．8—28．8，pH值7．5—8．5，DO7．0mg/L以上，用直径5．08cm潜水泵在池内间断性循环水，自然水温条件下，越冬后稚贝共计1．612亿枚，平均壳长1095μm(最大l650μm)，成活率达80．6％。试验结果表明，其越冬方法在北方地区是可行的，为文蛤苗种产业化生产提供了可靠的技术保障。     

傻鲫网箱育种和越冬试验

利用２只（５０ｍ＾２）网箱进行傻鲫鱼鱼种培育和越冬试验，效果良好。鱼种单产７７．５ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，规格为８０．４ｇ／尾，饲养成活率达９２．７％，饵料系数１．５２。经１４０ｄ越冬，成活率９０％，越冬个体减重率１０％。     

工厂化室内育苗池养殖银鲳试验

在20m^2×1．6m圆形育苗池中，于7月底放养平均体高2，9cm、叉长5cm、体重3g的银鲳人工苗2000尾，经过12个月的精心饲养个体达到平均体高7，5cm，叉长13，5cm。体重55g，最大个体为体高7．8cm，叉长13．8cm、体重63．6g。试养中期，成活率达到63％；本试验探讨了银鲳很适宜于室外大棚土池养殖。银鲳生长缓慢，需跨年养殖才能收获，因此室外一般土池养殖银鲳必须做好越冬管理工作。     

关于（鱼用）鱼种网箱越冬死亡原因的探讨

几年来，大伙房水库鲢（鱼用）鱼种网箱大面积越冬基本上是成功的，成活率一般可达70-90％以上。但是，81年（鱼用）鱼种的成活率却远低于鲢鱼种，既使在相同条件下，甚至同箱混养，（鱼用）蜘鱼种成活率也低于鲢。根据81年相邻5组网箱鲢（鱼用）鱼种成活率统计得到鳙鱼种平均成活率为48．5％；鲢平均为89．8％(表1)。据了解，东北其他几个水库也有类似情况发生。为搞清（鱼用）鱼种越冬易死亡的原因，我们试图从以下几个方面来探讨。     

军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）

广东南方地区，6月份军曹鱼大部分接近结束产卯期，部分地区已经孵化出仔鱼。经过室内水泥池和室外土池培育之后，大约生长至7cm以上，可以移入海水网箱中培育，放养密度要根据网箱规格而定，边长2．5m的小网箱可放养500-600尾／箱；边长3m的鱼苗网箱可放养600-800尾／箱。随着幼鱼的生长逐级分箱培育。     

坛紫菜优质新品系（Q-1）主要经济性状的研究

对杂交选育的坛紫菜优质品系（Q-1）和人工养殖的坛紫菜（对照组）进行叶状体生长、藻体厚度、4种色素含量、粗蛋白、氨基酸含量的测定以及丝状体的生长发育等实验。结果表明，（1）（Q-1）F2、F3叶状体生长迅速，不易成熟；3～4cm的F。叶状体经过10～15d的培养，平均日增长量高达（8．33±1．01）cm，分别为父、母本的1．4和2．7倍；（2）F3叶状体在第1次剪收时藻体厚度为（21．0±1.5）μm，仅为对照组厚度的52％，第2次剪收时为（25．6±1．9）μm，为对照组的56％；F2剪收1次后藻体的长度、宽度和鲜重平均日增长量分别为对照组的2．1、2．4和2．2倍；（3）F2叶状体的总藻胆蛋白含量为（109．52±0．94）mg／g，为对照组的1．6倍；粗蛋白的含量高达（41．71±．11）g／100g，比对照组高27％；F。叶状体第1次剪收时叶绿素a的含量高达（7．66±0．19）mg／g，比对照组高13％；（4）F3叶状体第1次剪收时呈味氨基酸中鲜味氨基酸与甜味氨基酸的总量为2．49g／100g，为对照组的1．8倍；必需氨基酸含量为15．66g／100g，比对照组高13％；（5）（Q-1）和对照组的丝状体在29℃分别培养30～40d时，90％的营养藻丝发育成孢子囊枝。     

龙须菜对水体Cu2+、Cd2+的去除效率及其生理响应

通过室内实验，研究了龙须菜对水体Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除效率及其部分生理生化指标的变化状况。结果显示，龙须菜对水体低浓度（0．05mg／L）Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除率分别达到了99．9％和93．1％；对较高浓度（0．5mg／L）Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除率分别为55．24％和86．15％；水体较高浓度（0．5mg／L）Cu^2＋会导致龙须菜叶绿素a、b和藻红素的含量均显著下降（P〈0．05），而高浓度（2．5mg／L）Cd^2＋不会导致色素含量的显著下降；龙须菜对环境中Cu^2＋的生理响应浓度也明显小于Cd^2＋，藻体SOD活性出现峰值且MDA含量显著高于（P〈0．05）对照组的浓度水平分别为Cu^2＋0．05mg／L及Cd^2＋0．5mg／L。龙须菜更适宜作为对海水Cd^2＋污染进行生物修复的植物。     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

虾蟹血淋巴的抽取与固定

随着人们对甲壳动物生理生态学研究的逐步深入,尤其是与免疫应答密切联系的血液生理学领域被广泛关注.抽取和固定血淋巴,成为进行血液学研究必不可少的步骤.那么如何更好地抽取和固定血淋巴呢,本文以虾蟹为例做了总结,以供参考.     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Food habits and growth of silver and bighead carp in cages and ponds

Analysis of intestinal contents of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) showed that silver carp consumed primarily phytoplankton while bighead carp consumed large quantities of zooplankton and detritus in addition to phytoplankton. The size of particles filtered by the bighead carp was larger (17–3,000 μm) than that filtered by silver carp (8–100 μm). Artificial feed was readily consumed by bighead carp but not by silver carp. No growth difference was indicated for silver carp in fertilized ponds and ponds receiving artificial feed. Growth of bighead carp increased substantially with the addition of artificial feed. Silver carp grew more rapidly in cages than bighead carp.     

虾蟹专用肥的研究开发及应用

20 0 1年 ,江苏省高邮市农林局与中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心及扬州市春申生物化工有限公司共同承担了江苏省水产更新工程项目———“虾、蟹专用肥料的开发研究与推广”。经项目组人员的共同努力 ,现已顺利完成项目任务 ,研究开发的虾、蟹专用肥在试用和大面积推广应用中取得了显著效果。虾、蟹专用肥已被列为江苏省第一批无公害水产品基地拟用鱼药、饲料推荐产品 ;也是江苏省水产技术推广站、安徽省水产技术推广站、江苏省高邮市农林局、江苏省兴化市水产局、江苏省宝应县水产局、安徽寿县水产局等十多个水产行政主管和技术推广部…     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

加快城乡统筹,推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

"十一五"以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强.本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题.为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度.