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1.
中华鳖爱德华氏菌病病原和组织病理研究   总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
蔡完其 《水产学报》1997,21(4):428-433
从中华鳖病病鳖的肝脏分离得到菌株s-1。用菌株S-1进行人工感染,100%的鳖患病,从感染的病鳖的肝脏分离到菌株s’-1,经生理生化反应测定,它与菌株s-1特性一致。经鉴定,菌株s-1是迟钝爱德华氏菌,野生型。爱德华氏菌感染会引起鳖的脏器发生变质性病变。主要症状呈肝脏型,肝局部坏死,有结节状肉芽肿。  相似文献   

2.
近几年来,温室甲鱼咽喉炎的发生和流行比较严重,对甲鱼养殖造成很大的经济损失。甲鱼咽喉炎的具体症状:1.病鳖发病刚开始,表现为食量减少,在食台上精神不振;2.微呈喘气状;3.池中病鳖爬墙、打水或倒游;4.颈部红肿,有时口鼻出血;5.腹甲呈纯白色的贪血状态;  相似文献   

3.
图示:A:底板及全身淡白无血色;B:肝灰白,胃肠失血,内有淤血;C:口腔腮状器官淡白糜烂;D:胃肠有黑色淤血段,内有成条血块,肝土黄,心脏缺血、色淡。一、白底板病病症:患病鳖体型较厚,鳖体完好无损伤。底板苍白,呈极度贫血状态,大部分身体呈水肿状,解剖发现肝脏呈土黄色和青灰色。胆囊肿大,肌肉苍白无血,腹腔有积水。病原:嗜水气单胞菌、迟缓爱德华氏菌和普通变形杆菌。危害及流行情况:100-500克以上的鳖、尤其对250克左右的鳖危害较大,发病突然、传染性极强。发病委节5-6月,死亡率50%-80%。防…  相似文献   

4.
中华鳖脑膜炎败血性黄杆菌病的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
从垂死病鳖的肝脏分离到96-12-Ⅳ菌株,用该菌株人工感染健康鳖,感染率100%,由感染发病鳖的肝脏到96-12-Ⅳ‘菌株,经生理生化反应测定,与96-12-Ⅳ菌株的测定结果一致,鉴定为脑炎败血性黄杆菌。该菌通过血道传播,侵袭全身各脏器,使各脏器组织发生变质性病变,淤血,出血,呈败血症。选择14种药物以纸片扩散法对该菌进行药敏试验,证实其中4种药物抑菌作用较强,用它们配制了鳖必康Ⅲ号,临床验证效果  相似文献   

5.
李水龙 《内陆水产》2001,26(12):6-7
鳖穿孔病传染性强犤1,2犦,流行面广,时间长,发病率高,并能引起大批死亡,给养鳖生产造成很大的经济损失犤3犦。笔者对某特种水产养殖场的病鳖进行了病原菌的分离鉴定、动物回归试验和药敏试验,以为该病的诊断和防治提供依据。1材料与方法1.1材料病鳖采自某甲鱼养殖场。表现症状:病鳖行动缓慢,反应迟钝;四肢、颈部、裙边、底板等处均有溃烂斑点,溃烂斑中间为灰褐色圆状凹陷,其外为灰白色烂斑,最外面为充血圈,三者呈同心圆状;溃烂处内容物呈脓汁状,并伴有腥恶臭气味。剖检变化:肝肿大,呈灰白色,边缘钝圆,质脆,肝小…  相似文献   

6.
鳖烂脚病是近年来工厂化养鳖生产中死亡较高的鳖病,其不但病程长较难治愈,即使治好也易留下疤痕而影响销售外观,是目前养鳖企业较头痛的鳖病之一,笔者根据多年的实践结合有关研究,介绍一下鳖烂脚病的发生原因和防治方法,供养殖单位参考应用。 一、鳖烂脚病的症状 发病初起,病鳖吃食正常,随着病情发展,活动减少,反应迟钝食欲下降甚至停食,病鳖脚面糜烂变质,严重的脚爪脱落,四脚呈灰白色或  相似文献   

7.
笔者在江浙发现主要症状为前肢弯曲的新鳖病,这种鳖病发生在温室养殖中,死亡率20%左右。今年4月下旬在渐江省浦江县发现这种鳖病,5月上旬在江苏省苏州市也发现了同样的鳖病。主要特点是:病鳖前肢弯曲,手拉不能伸直,后肢正常,其它外表完好,解剖后可见其肺呈灰黑色、糜烂状,肺组织内充满小气泡,其它内脏未见病变。病鳖因前肢弯曲失去活动功能在水中游泳困难,不能爬到食台上摄食,头部经常伸出水面,有时打转。浙江业主反映,温室池水长期未更换,水质恶化,将污水排到温室外池塘中,出现鲫鱼中毒死亡现象,说明温室内养鳖水质已严…  相似文献   

8.
随着国内养鳖规模迅速扩大,集约化程度不断提高和鳖种交流日益频繁,鳖病的发生率也越来越高,暴发程度越来越严重,所造成的损失也越来越大。目前,由于鳖病研究工作滞后,当鳖病发生后常常束手无策。因此,对于鳖病必须坚持无病先防、有病早治、防重于治的原则,采取综合性预防措施,减少或者避免盥病发生,保证鳖健康生长。1选择优质鳖鳖病的发生发展与消亡是由病原体、环境条件、鳖三者之间相互作用的结果,其中鳖的抵抗力起着主导作用,而抵抗力强弱与体质有密切关系。因此,选择优质鳖是预防鳖病的首要环节。体质好的鳖外形完整,个…  相似文献   

9.
中华鳖“烂颈病”病因的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
患“烂颈病”的中华鳖颈部组织逐渐变硬、坏死,呈化脓性溃烂;从典型病鳖颈部病灶上分离、提纯培养得到一株细菌,经细菌学鉴定为致病性嗜水气单胞杆菌;该菌株对健康中华鳖进行人工感染,出现与自然病鳖基本一致的病理症状,接种健康鲫鱼表现出较强的致病性;药敏试验结果表明,该病菌对丁胺卡那霉素、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星高度敏感;采取3g/m^3水体的漂白粉浓度全池泼洒及在饲料中添加丁胺卡那霉素15mg/kg鳖体重.d,连续用药5d后,能有效地控制病情。  相似文献   

10.
近几年来,养鳖热潮席卷全国。但由于饲养管理不善,水质控制不好,防病措施不力等原因,鳖病时有发生,个别地区流行严重,造成很大的经济损失。因此,现将作者近年来防治研究赤斑病的结果介绍如下:赤斑病又称红斑病,红底板病,腹甲红肿病。1.病状:病鳖腹部有出血性红色斑点或斑块,严重时斑点连接成片,故称红底板病.口鼻呈红色,解剖检查,舌呈血红色,喉部红肿,肝脏呈黑紫色,肠道亦发生充血呈红色.病鳖闭口不援食,肠内无食物,对外界反应迟钝,极易在岸边捕捉到。2.病原体:为点状气单胞菌点状亚种。3.危社与流行:在长江流…  相似文献   

11.
中华鳖非寄生性肝病组织病理研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
潘连德 《水产学报》1998,22(2):129-135
运用病理解剖,显微与亚显微组织病理学研究方法,详细研究了温室养殖中华鳖非寄生性肝病的组织病理学特征,结果表明,肝脏是该病最严重的病灶,按病程发展的病理变化和典型临床症状,划分为I~Ⅳ时期。病鳖表现出肝损害所致的组织炎症反应,肝细胞水样变性和脂肪变性,肝性水肿和血肿,肝细胞坏死,肝组织硬变和腹水等病理特征。随着病程的发展,肝脏由功能不全到功能衰竭,直至病鳖死亡。文中还探讨了该病的致病因和防治措施。  相似文献   

12.
甲鱼出血性败血症的诊疗   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述了甲鱼出血性败血症的病症、病理变化、病原菌的分离和鉴定、动物回归试验的结果,以及采用敏感药物对患病甲鱼施治的经过和疗效。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:   Attempts were made to understand how the different sizes (mean body weight of 4.1 ± 0.8 g for small and 182.6 ± 23.7 g for large) of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis are affected by different temperature (25°C or 30°C), and different concentrations (700, 1000 and 1300 p.p.m.) of anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride–sodium bicarbonate. The soft-shelled turtles were fed to satiation once daily. Three-way anova design (size × temperature × concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride) with duplicate was used. Twenty each of large and small soft-shelled turtles were distributed into six 30-L tanks. Exposure time of the soft-shelled turtle was affected by all factors (temperature, concentration and size). Exposure time of the soft-shelled turtle for anesthetizing decreased with increase in temperature and in concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride, and decrease in size. Recovery time for the soft-shelled turtle was also affected by all factors. Recovery time of the soft-shelled turtle increased with increase in temperature, concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride, and size. According to these results, lidocaine hydrochloride (1000 p.p.m.)–sodium bicarbonate seemed an effective anesthetic for sedating and handling the soft-shelled turtle. However, when an anesthetic is recommended for wide use, especially on commercially important edible organisms, the time organism takes to metabolize and excrete anesthetic chemicals from its body to a safe level must be given to allow fitness for human consumption.  相似文献   

14.
中华鳖七群体体形和腹部黑斑图案的差异比较   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
李思发 《水产学报》2004,28(1):15-22
对我国中华鳖代表性7个地方群体的成鳖阶段和后备亲鳖阶段的体形和腹部黑斑图案进行了,比较和分析。(1)把包括背甲周长、背甲宽、裙边后侧宽等16个参数转化为以背甲长为基数的15项比例性状进行多元函数分析。聚类分析表明,太湖鳖和崇明鳖较近,黄河鳖和淮河鳖较近,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖较近。主成份分析表明,把7群体一起分析的绘图,相互覆盖较多,不易分清:若是取3个群体,如对黄河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及太湖鳖分析绘图,则趋同性和趋异性十分清楚。判别分析表明,7群体的判别准确率在44%~73%之间,黄河鳖群体的判别准确率最高;(2)裙边宽厚度是中华鳖的重要经济指标。黄河鳖、淮河鳖及洞庭湖鳖的裙边均较宽而厚,其裙边后侧宽/背甲长之比超过7群体总平均值1~4.6个百分点;(3)中华鳖体色存在群体间固有的差异。首先表现在腹部的黑色斑块的有无和多少上,在后备亲鳖阶段,黄河鳖腹部全白的比例达100%,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖及淮河鳖腹部全白的比例在80%~90%;太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖腹部全白的比例仅12%~22%。其次表现在腹部黑色斑块的出现频率和黑色程度有从黄、淮河流域和长江中游水域向长江下游水域及台湾增高、增强的明显趋势。黄河鳖、淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及鄱阳湖鳖是为“玉鳖”群,太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖是为“花鳖”群。中华鳖腹部黑色斑块图案,是既受遗传控制,也受环境影响,还受遗传-环境相互作用的复杂表型。  相似文献   

15.
  • 1. The fishing effort and turtle catch of vessels harbouring at Lampedusa island and fishing in the wider central Mediterranean area was monitored using a voluntary logbook programme. Two large trawlers were monitored between 2003 and 2005 and six small vessels using trawl nets, pelagic longline or bottom longline were monitored in the summer 2005.
  • 2. The observed turtle catch rates of pelagic longline and bottom trawl were among the highest recorded in the basin, and high catch rates by bottom longline were observed too. This suggests that the area contains major oceanic and neritic habitats for the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta in the Mediterranean Sea.
  • 3. When fishing effort is considered, these results suggest a very high number of captures by Italian trawlers and longliners in the area, as well as by fleets from other countries. This is reason of concern for the conservation of the loggerhead turtle within the Mediterranean Sea.
  • 4. Different fishing gear have different technical/operational characteristics affecting turtle catch and mortality and the present knowledge about associated parameters of these gear varies too.
  • 5. All this considered, specific actions are recommended: (i) an awareness campaign to fishermen to reduce post‐release mortality, (ii) technical modifications to pelagic longline gear to reduce turtle catch, (iii) further investigation into turtle bycatch in all fishing gear, with priority given to bottom longline fishing and quantification of mortality caused by trawlers, (iv) assessment of the turtle populations affected by fishing activity in the area, and (v) international cooperation in undertaking threat assessments, and implementing regulations, management measures and monitoring.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
鳖组织浆对鼠免疫功能的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
钱国英 《水产学报》2000,24(5):476-479
从体内抑制试验和体外培养巨噬细胞的杀瘤试验对甲鱼组织浆的抑瘤作用进行了研究。体内抑瘤试验采用组织浆灌胃方式,计算抑瘤率和生命延长率。体外试验将巨噬细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养,测定NO浓度与细胞毒效应。培养上清液中一氧化氮(NO)浓度采用NO试剂盒检测,细胞毒效应通过MTT比色法检测。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定用鳖组织浆大鼠脑、肝、血中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。结果表明,不同来源鳖的效果有区别,野生鳖和仿生养殖鳖2龄与4龄对S180小鼠肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用(P〈0.01),其抑瘤率分别达70.69%和63.17%,荷瘤小鼠的生长延长率均显著高于空白对照组(P〈0.01),分别为40.59%和39.95%;1龄和2龄温室鳖的抑瘤效果也显著(P〈0.05)。不同来源和不同年龄的鳖组织抑瘤效果有差异,野生鳖、仿生鳖和温室  相似文献   

17.
  1. Although it is sometimes difficult for researchers to ensure that their work is used by resource managers to make informed decisions, an example where this knowledge–action gap has been breached is in research published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) – among other journals – that has assisted fisheries managers in identifying strategies for reducing freshwater turtle bycatch in commercial hoop net fisheries in Ontario, Canada.
  2. Research published in AQC has provided evidence towards a simple and effective method for preventing turtle bycatch mortality in hoop nets, which could be adopted by the fishers. Other research published in AQC evaluated the effect of bycatch mortality on the probability of persistence of turtle populations with population viability analyses, and outlined the need to minimize bycatch mortality to prevent local extirpation. Nine other papers have been published on freshwater turtle bycatch in Ontario, furthering our knowledge on this issue including seasonality and temperature effects on catches, other net modifications, post‐release effects and assisted recovery, and the perspectives of fishers.
  3. The research results were presented to local resource managers with further discussions involving industry and stakeholders to minimize turtle bycatch mortality. Over several years, researchers have provided information to resource managers; however, when an incident of high turtle mortality caught the public eye, the research was readily available and changes in regulations were quick to occur.
  4. Reasonably good communication among researchers, resource managers, industry, stakeholders, and the broader public allowed the rapid implementation of regulations to mitigate freshwater turtle bycatch mortality and bridged the knowledge–action gap between researchers and resource managers.
  5. Both articles published in AQC had practical conservation impacts and were influential in providing local resource managers with feasible solutions, and the impetus to change regulations. These impacts extended to other jurisdictions and their monitoring programmes, where methods to reduce turtle bycatch mortality were also implemented.
  相似文献   

18.
Reducing sea turtle by-catch in pelagic longline fisheries   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Reducing by‐catch of sea turtles in pelagic longline fisheries, in concert with activities to reduce other anthropogenic sources of mortality, may contribute to the recovery of marine turtle populations. Here, we review research on strategies to reduce sea turtle by‐catch. Due to the state of management regimes in most longline fisheries, strategies to reduce turtle interactions must not only be effective but also must be commercially viable. Because most research has been initiated only recently, many results are not yet peer‐reviewed, published or readily accessible. Moreover, most experiments have small sample sizes and have been conducted over only a few seasons in a small number of fisheries; many study designs preclude drawing conclusions about the independent effect of single factors on turtle by‐catch and target catch rates; and few studies consider effects on other by‐catch species. In the US North Atlantic longline swordfish fishery, 4.9‐cm wide circle hooks with fish bait significantly reduced sea turtle by‐catch rates and the proportion of hard‐shell turtles that swallowed hooks vs. being hooked in the mouth compared to 4.0‐cm wide J hooks with squid bait without compromising commercial viability for some target species. But these large circle hooks might not be effective or economically viable in other longline fisheries. The effectiveness and commercial viability of a turtle avoidance strategy may be fishery‐specific, depending on the size and species of turtles and target fish and other differences between fleets. Testing of turtle avoidance methods in individual fleets may therefore be necessary. It is a priority to conduct trials in longline fleets that set gear shallow, those overlapping the most threatened turtle populations and fleets overlapping high densities of turtles such as those fishing near breeding colonies. In addition to trials using large 4.9‐cm wide circle hooks in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks, other fishing strategies are under assessment. These include: (i) using small circle hooks (≤ 4.6‐cm narrowest width) in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks; (ii) setting gear below turtle‐abundant depths; (iii) single hooking fish bait vs. multiple hook threading; (iv) reducing gear soak time and retrieval during daytime; and (v) avoiding by‐catch hotspots through fleet communication programmes and area and seasonal closures.  相似文献   

19.
采用离体消化法,以甲鱼的胃、肠道的粗酶液作为酶原,测定了红鱼粉经不同预处理后蛋白质的离体消化率。试验结果表明:甲鱼对挤压膨化处理的红鱼粉蛋白质的离体消化率最高,其次为直接加热处理的红鱼粉,环模制粒和未经水热处理的红鱼粉的效果较差;挤压膨化使甲鱼饲用红鱼粉的蛋白质表观消化率提高16.20%。  相似文献   

20.
Evaluating historical changes in the exploitation of marine organisms is a key challenge in fisheries ecology and marine conservation. In the Eastern Pacific, marine turtles were exploited for millennia before systematic monitoring began <50 years ago. Using ethnographic and historical data, we generated a detailed reconstruction of the East Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) fishery in Mexico's Baja California peninsula from 1700 to 1990. Sea turtles from the region's important feeding areas were a staple food source from the earliest phases of human occupation, dating back at least 12,000 years. In contrast with regions such as the Caribbean, small human populations and limited market access resulted in apparently sustainable turtle harvests until the second half of the 20th century. We found that the estimated annual catches between 1960 and 1980 exceeded the estimated annual catches of the previous 250 years by an order of magnitude, leading to the collapse of the fishery and the depletion of the green turtle population. A total ban on sea turtle captures in 1990, comprehensive nesting beach protection, and significant conservation efforts resulted in increases in breeding females on nesting beaches and catch rates in scientific monitoring on main feeding grounds since the early 2000s. This provides a positive outlook for this once‐depleted population segment. Although further research is needed to evaluate current conservation status, we have identified a date, between 1950 and 1960, which can serve as a reliable temporal reference for future evaluations of historical baseline abundance in this region.  相似文献   

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