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从中华鳖病病鳖的肝脏分离得到菌株s-1。用菌株S-1进行人工感染,100%的鳖患病,从感染的病鳖的肝脏分离到菌株s’-1,经生理生化反应测定,它与菌株s-1特性一致。经鉴定,菌株s-1是迟钝爱德华氏菌,野生型。爱德华氏菌感染会引起鳖的脏器发生变质性病变。主要症状呈肝脏型,肝局部坏死,有结节状肉芽肿。 相似文献
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鳖穿孔病传染性强犤1,2犦,流行面广,时间长,发病率高,并能引起大批死亡,给养鳖生产造成很大的经济损失犤3犦。笔者对某特种水产养殖场的病鳖进行了病原菌的分离鉴定、动物回归试验和药敏试验,以为该病的诊断和防治提供依据。1材料与方法1.1材料病鳖采自某甲鱼养殖场。表现症状:病鳖行动缓慢,反应迟钝;四肢、颈部、裙边、底板等处均有溃烂斑点,溃烂斑中间为灰褐色圆状凹陷,其外为灰白色烂斑,最外面为充血圈,三者呈同心圆状;溃烂处内容物呈脓汁状,并伴有腥恶臭气味。剖检变化:肝肿大,呈灰白色,边缘钝圆,质脆,肝小… 相似文献
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运用病理解剖,显微与亚显微组织病理学研究方法,详细研究了温室养殖中华鳖非寄生性肝病的组织病理学特征,结果表明,肝脏是该病最严重的病灶,按病程发展的病理变化和典型临床症状,划分为I~Ⅳ时期。病鳖表现出肝损害所致的组织炎症反应,肝细胞水样变性和脂肪变性,肝性水肿和血肿,肝细胞坏死,肝组织硬变和腹水等病理特征。随着病程的发展,肝脏由功能不全到功能衰竭,直至病鳖死亡。文中还探讨了该病的致病因和防治措施。 相似文献
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In-Seok Park Sung Hwoan Cho Jun Wook Hur Gyeng-Cheol Choi Sung-Yong Oh Dong Soo Kim Jae-Seong Lee 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):115-118
ABSTRACT: Attempts were made to understand how the different sizes (mean body weight of 4.1 ± 0.8 g for small and 182.6 ± 23.7 g for large) of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis are affected by different temperature (25°C or 30°C), and different concentrations (700, 1000 and 1300 p.p.m.) of anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride–sodium bicarbonate. The soft-shelled turtles were fed to satiation once daily. Three-way anova design (size × temperature × concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride) with duplicate was used. Twenty each of large and small soft-shelled turtles were distributed into six 30-L tanks. Exposure time of the soft-shelled turtle was affected by all factors (temperature, concentration and size). Exposure time of the soft-shelled turtle for anesthetizing decreased with increase in temperature and in concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride, and decrease in size. Recovery time for the soft-shelled turtle was also affected by all factors. Recovery time of the soft-shelled turtle increased with increase in temperature, concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride, and size. According to these results, lidocaine hydrochloride (1000 p.p.m.)–sodium bicarbonate seemed an effective anesthetic for sedating and handling the soft-shelled turtle. However, when an anesthetic is recommended for wide use, especially on commercially important edible organisms, the time organism takes to metabolize and excrete anesthetic chemicals from its body to a safe level must be given to allow fitness for human consumption. 相似文献
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中华鳖七群体体形和腹部黑斑图案的差异比较 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
对我国中华鳖代表性7个地方群体的成鳖阶段和后备亲鳖阶段的体形和腹部黑斑图案进行了,比较和分析。(1)把包括背甲周长、背甲宽、裙边后侧宽等16个参数转化为以背甲长为基数的15项比例性状进行多元函数分析。聚类分析表明,太湖鳖和崇明鳖较近,黄河鳖和淮河鳖较近,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖较近。主成份分析表明,把7群体一起分析的绘图,相互覆盖较多,不易分清:若是取3个群体,如对黄河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及太湖鳖分析绘图,则趋同性和趋异性十分清楚。判别分析表明,7群体的判别准确率在44%~73%之间,黄河鳖群体的判别准确率最高;(2)裙边宽厚度是中华鳖的重要经济指标。黄河鳖、淮河鳖及洞庭湖鳖的裙边均较宽而厚,其裙边后侧宽/背甲长之比超过7群体总平均值1~4.6个百分点;(3)中华鳖体色存在群体间固有的差异。首先表现在腹部的黑色斑块的有无和多少上,在后备亲鳖阶段,黄河鳖腹部全白的比例达100%,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖及淮河鳖腹部全白的比例在80%~90%;太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖腹部全白的比例仅12%~22%。其次表现在腹部黑色斑块的出现频率和黑色程度有从黄、淮河流域和长江中游水域向长江下游水域及台湾增高、增强的明显趋势。黄河鳖、淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及鄱阳湖鳖是为“玉鳖”群,太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖是为“花鳖”群。中华鳖腹部黑色斑块图案,是既受遗传控制,也受环境影响,还受遗传-环境相互作用的复杂表型。 相似文献
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Paolo Casale Lorenzo Cattarino Daniela Freggi Massimiliano Rocco Roberto Argano 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2007,17(7):686-701
- 1. The fishing effort and turtle catch of vessels harbouring at Lampedusa island and fishing in the wider central Mediterranean area was monitored using a voluntary logbook programme. Two large trawlers were monitored between 2003 and 2005 and six small vessels using trawl nets, pelagic longline or bottom longline were monitored in the summer 2005.
- 2. The observed turtle catch rates of pelagic longline and bottom trawl were among the highest recorded in the basin, and high catch rates by bottom longline were observed too. This suggests that the area contains major oceanic and neritic habitats for the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta in the Mediterranean Sea.
- 3. When fishing effort is considered, these results suggest a very high number of captures by Italian trawlers and longliners in the area, as well as by fleets from other countries. This is reason of concern for the conservation of the loggerhead turtle within the Mediterranean Sea.
- 4. Different fishing gear have different technical/operational characteristics affecting turtle catch and mortality and the present knowledge about associated parameters of these gear varies too.
- 5. All this considered, specific actions are recommended: (i) an awareness campaign to fishermen to reduce post‐release mortality, (ii) technical modifications to pelagic longline gear to reduce turtle catch, (iii) further investigation into turtle bycatch in all fishing gear, with priority given to bottom longline fishing and quantification of mortality caused by trawlers, (iv) assessment of the turtle populations affected by fishing activity in the area, and (v) international cooperation in undertaking threat assessments, and implementing regulations, management measures and monitoring.
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鳖组织浆对鼠免疫功能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从体内抑制试验和体外培养巨噬细胞的杀瘤试验对甲鱼组织浆的抑瘤作用进行了研究。体内抑瘤试验采用组织浆灌胃方式,计算抑瘤率和生命延长率。体外试验将巨噬细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养,测定NO浓度与细胞毒效应。培养上清液中一氧化氮(NO)浓度采用NO试剂盒检测,细胞毒效应通过MTT比色法检测。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定用鳖组织浆大鼠脑、肝、血中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。结果表明,不同来源鳖的效果有区别,野生鳖和仿生养殖鳖2龄与4龄对S180小鼠肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用(P〈0.01),其抑瘤率分别达70.69%和63.17%,荷瘤小鼠的生长延长率均显著高于空白对照组(P〈0.01),分别为40.59%和39.95%;1龄和2龄温室鳖的抑瘤效果也显著(P〈0.05)。不同来源和不同年龄的鳖组织抑瘤效果有差异,野生鳖、仿生鳖和温室 相似文献
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Sarah M. Larocque Colin Lake Jonathan D. Midwood Vivian M. Nguyen Gabriel Blouin‐Demers Steven J. Cooke 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(9):1783-1790
- Although it is sometimes difficult for researchers to ensure that their work is used by resource managers to make informed decisions, an example where this knowledge–action gap has been breached is in research published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) – among other journals – that has assisted fisheries managers in identifying strategies for reducing freshwater turtle bycatch in commercial hoop net fisheries in Ontario, Canada.
- Research published in AQC has provided evidence towards a simple and effective method for preventing turtle bycatch mortality in hoop nets, which could be adopted by the fishers. Other research published in AQC evaluated the effect of bycatch mortality on the probability of persistence of turtle populations with population viability analyses, and outlined the need to minimize bycatch mortality to prevent local extirpation. Nine other papers have been published on freshwater turtle bycatch in Ontario, furthering our knowledge on this issue including seasonality and temperature effects on catches, other net modifications, post‐release effects and assisted recovery, and the perspectives of fishers.
- The research results were presented to local resource managers with further discussions involving industry and stakeholders to minimize turtle bycatch mortality. Over several years, researchers have provided information to resource managers; however, when an incident of high turtle mortality caught the public eye, the research was readily available and changes in regulations were quick to occur.
- Reasonably good communication among researchers, resource managers, industry, stakeholders, and the broader public allowed the rapid implementation of regulations to mitigate freshwater turtle bycatch mortality and bridged the knowledge–action gap between researchers and resource managers.
- Both articles published in AQC had practical conservation impacts and were influential in providing local resource managers with feasible solutions, and the impetus to change regulations. These impacts extended to other jurisdictions and their monitoring programmes, where methods to reduce turtle bycatch mortality were also implemented.
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Reducing sea turtle by-catch in pelagic longline fisheries 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Eric Gilman Erika Zollett Stephen Beverly Hideki Nakano Kimberly Davis Daisuke Shiode Paul Dalzell & Irene Kinan 《Fish and Fisheries》2006,7(1):2-23
Reducing by‐catch of sea turtles in pelagic longline fisheries, in concert with activities to reduce other anthropogenic sources of mortality, may contribute to the recovery of marine turtle populations. Here, we review research on strategies to reduce sea turtle by‐catch. Due to the state of management regimes in most longline fisheries, strategies to reduce turtle interactions must not only be effective but also must be commercially viable. Because most research has been initiated only recently, many results are not yet peer‐reviewed, published or readily accessible. Moreover, most experiments have small sample sizes and have been conducted over only a few seasons in a small number of fisheries; many study designs preclude drawing conclusions about the independent effect of single factors on turtle by‐catch and target catch rates; and few studies consider effects on other by‐catch species. In the US North Atlantic longline swordfish fishery, 4.9‐cm wide circle hooks with fish bait significantly reduced sea turtle by‐catch rates and the proportion of hard‐shell turtles that swallowed hooks vs. being hooked in the mouth compared to 4.0‐cm wide J hooks with squid bait without compromising commercial viability for some target species. But these large circle hooks might not be effective or economically viable in other longline fisheries. The effectiveness and commercial viability of a turtle avoidance strategy may be fishery‐specific, depending on the size and species of turtles and target fish and other differences between fleets. Testing of turtle avoidance methods in individual fleets may therefore be necessary. It is a priority to conduct trials in longline fleets that set gear shallow, those overlapping the most threatened turtle populations and fleets overlapping high densities of turtles such as those fishing near breeding colonies. In addition to trials using large 4.9‐cm wide circle hooks in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks, other fishing strategies are under assessment. These include: (i) using small circle hooks (≤ 4.6‐cm narrowest width) in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks; (ii) setting gear below turtle‐abundant depths; (iii) single hooking fish bait vs. multiple hook threading; (iv) reducing gear soak time and retrieval during daytime; and (v) avoiding by‐catch hotspots through fleet communication programmes and area and seasonal closures. 相似文献
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Michelle‐María Early‐Capistrán Andrea Sáenz‐Arroyo José‐Gilberto Cardoso‐Mohedano Gerardo Garibay‐Melo Volker Koch 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(1):57-77
Evaluating historical changes in the exploitation of marine organisms is a key challenge in fisheries ecology and marine conservation. In the Eastern Pacific, marine turtles were exploited for millennia before systematic monitoring began <50 years ago. Using ethnographic and historical data, we generated a detailed reconstruction of the East Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) fishery in Mexico's Baja California peninsula from 1700 to 1990. Sea turtles from the region's important feeding areas were a staple food source from the earliest phases of human occupation, dating back at least 12,000 years. In contrast with regions such as the Caribbean, small human populations and limited market access resulted in apparently sustainable turtle harvests until the second half of the 20th century. We found that the estimated annual catches between 1960 and 1980 exceeded the estimated annual catches of the previous 250 years by an order of magnitude, leading to the collapse of the fishery and the depletion of the green turtle population. A total ban on sea turtle captures in 1990, comprehensive nesting beach protection, and significant conservation efforts resulted in increases in breeding females on nesting beaches and catch rates in scientific monitoring on main feeding grounds since the early 2000s. This provides a positive outlook for this once‐depleted population segment. Although further research is needed to evaluate current conservation status, we have identified a date, between 1950 and 1960, which can serve as a reliable temporal reference for future evaluations of historical baseline abundance in this region. 相似文献