北方地区短蛸室内越冬养殖技术

正短蛸属软体动物,头足纲,八腕目,蛸科,蛸属,俗称饭蛸、坐蛸、短腿蛸、风蛸(山东名)、短爪蛸、四眼鸟(广东名)。短蛸广泛分布于西太平洋沿岸,在我国主要分布在渤海、黄海和东海北部,是我国北部沿海蛸类中重要的海产经济物种之一。目前,短蛸育苗所需要的亲蛸主要依赖春季海捕的野生群体,其采捕和运输过程都会对亲蛸造成伤害,难以保证亲蛸的质量,且野生短蛸需要在室内养殖池进行长时间驯化,死亡率较高,造成繁殖     

长蛸人工育苗及养殖技术研究

长蛸(Octopus variabilis)属软体动物门、头足纲、八腕目、蛸科、蛸属,俗称马蛸、长腿蛸、大蛸、长脚章鱼 [1].长蛸为我国沿海蛸类中的主要经济种,捕获量较大,分布广泛,分布于我国南北沿海,其中黄、渤海产量较大.长蛸为沿岸底栖头足类,是肉食性动物,主要以小型蟹类、贝类为食.长蛸肉质幼嫩鲜美、营养丰富,具有补血益气,收敛生肌等功效[1].     

短蛸呼吸、循环、排泄和生殖系统甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的免疫组织化学定位

采用免疫组织化学SABC法对短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)呼吸、循环、排泄和生殖系统中甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(met-Enk)进行定位研究.结果表明,短蛸呼吸系统、循环系统、排泄系统和生殖系统中都有met-Enk存在,充分说明met-Enk在短蛸体内分布是比较广泛的.可以发现短蛸met-Enk大都阳性较弱.met-Enk可能参与短蛸呼吸、循环、泌尿、生殖和内分泌等功能的调节.而met-Enk在短蛸不同部位分布密度的不同,可能与各器官的功能不同有关.     

短蛸呼吸、循环、排泄和生殖系统δ受体的免疫组织化学定位

采用免疫组织化学SABC法对短蛸呼吸、循环、排泄和生殖系统中δ受体进行定位研究.试验结果表明,短蛸呼吸系统、循环系统、排泄系统、生殖系统中均有δ受体存在,充分说明δ受体在短蛸体内分布是比较广泛的.可以发现短蛸δ受体大多阳性较弱.δ受体可能参与短蛸呼吸、循环、泌尿、生殖、内分泌等功能的调节.而δ受体在短蛸不同部位分布密度的不同,可能与各器官的功能不同有关.     

短蛸人工育苗试验

<正>短蛸(octopus ocellatus)俗名八带鱼,属软体动物门(Mollusca)、头足纲(Cepha-lopoda)、蛸属(Octopus),广泛分布于渤海、黄海和东海北部。短蛸是经济价值很高的软体动物,其肉质鲜美,深受广大消费者喜爱。目前短蛸生产全部依靠人工采捕天然资源,不仅产量波动大,而且对短蛸资源     

长蛸的亲体培育技术

长蛸（Octopusminor）属头足纲,八腕目,蛸科,蛸属,地方名有巴蛸、马蛸、长腿蛸、长爪章等。在我国南北沿海均有分布。长蛸为暖温种,主要栖息于温带偏南海域,山东海域繁殖期约为4～6月,可进行短距离的移动。长蛸味道鲜美,营养丰富,经济价值高,在国内外市场上一直畅销不衰,供不应求,是我国重要的经济头足类。     

长蛸网箱养殖技术

长蛸属章鱼科,俗称章鱼、石柜、八带虫。主要分布于东南沿海,尤其浙江舟山、福建平潭、霞浦、厦门等地分布较为密集。由于捕捞强度加大,渔业资源逐渐衰退,长蛸捕捞量日益减少。为了保障长蛸产品的持续供应,开发长蛸养殖已势在必行。现将2005年漳浦县古雷镇杏仔村养殖户开展长蛸网箱养殖的几点情况介绍给     

苏北沿海真蛸室内养殖试验

正真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)属于软体动物门、头足纲、八腕目、蛸科、蛸属,世界广布种,在我国主要分布在东南沿海。由于真蛸具有对环境适应性强、营养丰富、生长速度快、饵料来源广及转化率高等特点,养殖开发潜力巨大。近些年,随着国际上真蛸消费量不断增加,其野生资源逐渐不能满足市场需求,我国南北沿海陆续开展了有关真蛸网箱暂养和室内养殖等相关研究。笔者于2015-2017年自福建省连江引进真蛸野生捕获苗种,通过网     

长蛸人工育苗研究

长蛸（Octopus variabilis）俗称马蛸、长腿蛸、大蛸、长脚章鱼^[1]，为我国沿海蛸类中的主要经济种，产量较大，分布广泛。目前，长蛸养殖之所以未形成产业化，主要是由于苗种来源完全依赖天然捕捞，并且对养成技术也研究不足。在软体动物的人工增养殖技术研究方面，对头足纲种类的研究较少。     

真蛸引进与养殖技术初探

真蛸（Octopus vulgaris）属于头足类，广泛分布于日本以南太平洋、印度洋、大西洋、地中海及我国南部海域。日本、韩国等国家对蛸类消费需求很高，每年均需进口冷冻蛸类上万吨，产值上亿美元。真蛸养殖已成为世界各国研究热点。真蛸作为一种养殖对象，具有生长速度快，     

Effect of two artificial wet diets agglutinated with gelatin on feed and growth performance of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) sub-adults

Acceptance and effect on growth of two artificial wet diets for common octopus sub-adults were studied. These artificial wet diets were compounded of frozen shrimp or squid, both agglutinated with commercial gelatin. The diet based on frozen squid (SQ) promoted higher growth and conversion efficiency than the diet based on frozen shrimp (SH); while these rearing parameters of the SQ diet were not significantly lower than the ones obtained with the control diet (frozen squid). Feeding results indicate that gelatin did not reduce the palatability of the SQ diet, compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the good results obtained with the SQ diet support the hypothesis that this kind of wet artificial diet (a natural diet plus an agglutinant) can possibly be a base paste for other prepared diets.     

蛸类渔业概况及增养殖研究现状与展望

蛸类具有对养殖环境高度的适应性，且分布广、生长迅速、养殖周期短、营养价值高等特性，已成为头足类中最受关注的养殖对象和研究热点。此文概括地介绍了蛸类在海洋渔业中的地位，系统地阐述了蛸类渔业概况及增养殖研究现状，并对发展前景和方向进行了分析。     

Identification of tropomyosin as a major allergen in the octopus Octopus vulgaris and elucidation of its IgE-binding epitopes

ABSTRACT: The major allergen (named Oct v 1) in the muscle of the octopus Octopus vulgaris was purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography on Mono Q and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography on TSKgel Octadecyl-4PW. In addition to the molecular mass, amino acid composition and cross-reactivity with Tur c 1 (turban shell Turbo cornutus allergen), the determined partial amino acid sequence clearly demonstrated that Oct v 1 is tropomyosin, similar to the known molluscan and crustacean allergens. Using peptide fragments isolated from the lysylendopeptidase digest of Oct v 1, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay inhibition experiments showed that IgE-binding epitopes of Oct v 1 are contained in two peptides (77–112 and 148–160) in the central region and one peptide (269–281) in the C-terminal region. In the peptide 77–112, the same sequence as the IgE-binding epitope proposed for Cra g 1 (oyster Crassostrea gigas allergen) is recognized at 92-105. Moreover, the peptide 148-160 partly overlaps with the IgE-binding epitopes suggested for Pen i 1 (shrimp Penaeus indicus allergen) and Pen a 1 (shrimp Penaeus aztecus allergen), and the peptide 269–281 with those for Tur c 1 and Pen a 1.     

Effects of co‐supply ratios of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus zoeae and Artemia on survival and growth of East Asian common octopus Octopus sinensis paralarvae under an upwelling culture system

Despite recent advances in culture technology for East Asian common octopus Octopus sinensis paralarvae using upwelling systems, securing suitable feed for the paralarvae is an unresolved issue. The zoea of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is a good candidate for paralarval feed because of the high fecundity of the adult females. To investigate the effects of supplying P. trituberculatus zoeae and their feeding method on paralarvae, we cultured paralarvae with supplying different combination ratios of zoeae and Artemia (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:10), and with or without supplementing rotifers using small‐scale (3‐L) upwelling systems. Paralarval survival rate and growth were improved when zoeae were supplied as the main feed, but reduced when the proportion of Artemia exceeded half the whole preys. Supplementing rotifers did not affect the paralarval survival and growth. Subsequently, paralarvae were cultured by supplying zoeae (partially augmented by Artemia) using three large (1‐kl) upwelling systems to assess their feeding effectiveness in juvenile octopus production. Paralarvae could be cultured at high survival rates of 77.1 ± 5.1% to reach benthic juveniles at 23 days after hatching. In conclusion, supplying P. trituberculatus zoeae augmented with Artemia under an upwelling culture system has great potential for juvenile octopus production.     

Underwater sound detection by cephalopod statocyst

Abstract:   The cephalopod receptor of particle motion was identified. In a previous study, it was suggested that statocysts served this function, but there was no direct supporting evidence, and epidermal hair cells had not been conclusively ruled out. Experiments on Octopus ocellatus were conducted using respiratory activity as an indicator of sound perception. Intact animals clearly responded to 141-Hz particle motion at particle accelerations below 1.3 × 10⁻³ m/s², and the mean perception threshold at this frequency was approximately 6.0 × 10⁻⁴ m/s². Specimens in which the statoliths had been surgically removed did not show any response for accelerations up to 3.9 × 10⁻³ m/s² at 141 Hz, which was approximately 16 dB greater than the mean perception threshold at this frequency. Specimens that had undergone a control operation in which the statoliths remained intact showed positive responses at 2.8 × 10⁻³ m/s² for the same frequency stimulus. This indicates that the statocyst, which is morphologically similar to the inner ear system in fish, is responsible for the observed responses to particle motion in O. ocellatus . This is the first direct evidence that cephalopods detect kinetic sound components using statocysts.     

Effects of a dry pelleted diet on growth and survival of the Yucatan octopus, Octopus maya

The effect of a dry pelleted diet on growth of the Yucatan octopus (Octopus maya) was determined and compared with crab diet (Callinectes spp). Two groups of 15 wild collected animals were used. Octopuses were placed in isolation, in a flow‐through system composed of 30 circular tanks (80 L), with a bottom of 40 cm in diameter and a water depth of 80 cm. Experiment lasted 40 days, and octopuses were weighed every 10 days to determine growth rates. Octopuses were fed between 7% and 10% body weight (BW) per day, twice a day at 9:00 h and 17:00 h. Uneaten food was removed after 4 h in the tanks and weighed, to determine food ingestion and conversion. No mortality as a result of natural causes was observed. The 15 octopuses fed on frozen crabs and the 15 fed on the artificial diet had similar weights (P > 0.05) at the start of the experiment, of 486.2 ± 214.8 and 472.5 ± 228.3 g, respectively. At the end of the experiment, octopuses fed on frozen crabs weighed 1466.5 ± 484.0 g, and were significantly larger (P < 0.05), than octopuses fed on artificial diets (438.9 ± 202.6 g). Growth rates for the experiment were of 3.3 ± 0.2 and –0.0 ± 0.3% BW per day, for octopuses fed frozen crabs and the artificial diet, respectively. The artificial diet did not promote growth, but animals did not loose weight and more important, ate regularly all the food supplied, with feeding rates higher than reported in the literature for prepared diets. This makes O. maya a good research animal for the development of artificial diets for cephalopods.     

Effects of Freezing and Frozen Storage on Protein Functionality and Texture of Some Cephalopod Muscles

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of freezing and frozen storage on protein functionality and texture of squid (Loligo vulgaris), octopus (Octopus vulgaris), and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) muscles. Squid, octopus, and cuttlefish samples were cut into pieces of 4 × 4 cm. These pieces were packed in polyethylene bags. The bags were frozen in a blast freezer at ?45°C until the thermal center reached ?18°C. Frozen samples were stored in a deep freezer at ?18°C for 30 days. After freezing and during frozen storage, total soluble protein and water holding capacity decreased and total free amino acid and cooking loss increased in all cephalopod muscles. According to instrumental texture analysis results, freezing and frozen storage affected textural characteristics of squid and cuttlefish but not of octopus. Sensory hardness and chewiness values of all cephalopods increased after freezing, but elasticity values did not change. There were no significant differences between storage days in hardness values of squid and octopus. However, significant differences in hardness values of cuttlefish were observed between the 1st day of storage and the last day.     

Selection of marine species and meals for cephalopod feeding based on their essential mineral composition

A quantitative analysis of the essential mineral content (mg kg^?1 dry weight) was carried out in 31 samples, including molluscs, crustaceans, fish and meals in an attempt to identify those most suitable for formulating cephalopod diets. The mineral ratios (MR: content in the test sample/content in whole Octopus vulgaris) were used as index of nutritional quality. Both crustaceans and oysters presented an optimal profile that covered the macro‐ and microelements composition of O. vulgaris. These samples differed from the rest by their higher Ca, Mg, B, Cu and Zn contents based on a principal component analysis. Fish were deficient in macroelements, such as Na (MR: 70–420 g kg^?1) and Mg (MR: 220–690 g kg^?1), but would be good source of K, Ca and P. Most fish were also deficient in Fe, Zn and Cu, although the copper content would be the most affected (MR: 3–130 g kg^?1). Fish and krill meals showed a high content of Ca and P, although both would be deficient in Na (MR: 440–470 g kg^?1) and Cu (130–540 g kg^?1), along with K, Fe and Zn in krill and Mg and B in fish. Among the plant meals, sunflower and soybean were the most appropriate, presenting higher total content of minerals and MRs above 1000 g kg^?1 for all minerals, except Na, Cu and Zn.     

Efficient utilization of dietary lipids in Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) fed fresh and agglutinated moist diets based on aquaculture by‐products and low price trash species

The aim of this study was to evaluate growth, biochemical composition and dietary nutrients utilization in Octopus vulgaris fed on four diets based on bogue Boops boops, from different origin and in two presentations: fresh discarded bogue (aquaculture by‐product) (DB‐f), fresh wild bogue (low price trash species) (WB‐f), discarded bogue agglutinated moist diet (DB‐m) and wild bogue agglutinated moist diet (WB‐m). Diets based on DB showed higher lipid content (19–26% dw) than those based on WB (5–6% dw). Octopuses fed on DB‐based diets showed higher growth (1.5–1.9% day^?1) and higher protein efficiency ratio (0.64–0.69) than those fed on WB‐based diet (1.1–1.5% day^?1 and 0.36–0.37 respectively), which suggests good utilization of dietary lipids and also a possible protein sparing effect by lipids in O. vulgaris. Octopuses fed on diets presented fresh showed a higher growth (1.9–1.5% day^?1) and a higher feed efficiency (62–65%) than those fed on agglutinated diets (1.1–1.5% and 52–60% day^?1 respectively). Regarding fatty acids, the digestive gland clearly reflected dietary lipid and fatty acid profile, while muscle showed a more stable composition. Low dietary ARA content reflected in octopus tissues, especially in specimens fed on DB‐based diets, which did not seem to affect growth during the experimental period.