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1.
军曹鱼肠道及水体异养菌和弧菌的周年变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用总活异养菌2216E平板计数法和弧菌TCBS平板计数法对广东深圳大鹏养殖军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus)养殖水体及鱼肠道细菌进行了周年监测。结果显示,育苗初期养殖水体异养菌和弧菌密度分别为0.63×104~6.2×104CFU/mL和0.30×102~1.03×104CFU/mL,鱼肠道异养菌和弧菌密度分别为0.80×106~7.5×107CFU/g和0~1.30×107CFU/g;网箱养殖监测期间,养殖水体异养菌和弧菌密度分别为4.20×103~5.40×105CFU/mL和0.70×102~1.14×105CFU/mL,鱼肠道异养菌和弧菌密度分别为1.50×107~8.78×108CFU/g和1.00×107~3.50×108CFU/g。周年监测结果显示,水体异养菌、弧菌的数量高峰均出现于8-9月份;肠道异养菌及弧菌的数量高峰均出现于6-7月份,分别又在12月份和2月份出现次高峰,弧菌变化趋势始终与异养菌一致。对分离得到的407株菌鉴定到属并进行多样性分析。结果显示,育苗期水体以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)为优势菌,三者约占水体异养菌总数的70%;养殖后期,弧菌(Vibrio)和发光杆菌(Photobacterium)的数量逐渐上升并占据一定优势,其中假单胞菌、黄单胞菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌常年出现。鱼肠道异养菌以假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌为优势菌,其次是肠杆菌科(Enterbacteriaceae)细菌,也多次检测到弧菌、发光杆菌、气单胞菌(Aeromonas)和小球菌(Microccus)等。总之,养殖微生态系统的可持续稳定平衡与系统的种群多样性、群落组成及水质因子等因素相关,而整个环境生态系统的平衡直接影响到鱼类肠道的细菌生态系统。  相似文献   

2.
高位虾塘细菌数量变化特点及其与理化因子的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈世祥 《福建水产》2014,(3):219-226
本试验选取两口凡纳滨对虾高位池塘,通过连续地周期性采样和测定分析,研究了虾池异养细菌数量和弧菌数量变动规律及其与理化因子的相关关系。结果表明:两口试验虾池异养细菌数量变化范围在9.07×10^3~2.13×10^5 cfu/mL之间,平均为6.45×10^4 cfu/mL,呈现持续缓慢上升的趋势;两口试验虾池的弧菌数量变化趋势较为一致,变化范围为2.12×10^2~2.91×10^3 cfu/mL,养殖生产前期较低,中期高,后期随着换水量的加大而有所下降。相关性分析表明:虾池水体的异养细菌和弧菌数量均与透明度、 DO、 pH 呈负相关,与COD、 TSS含量呈正相关,其中弧菌数量与TSS含量呈显著正相关( P〈0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
自2008年4月至8月,在广东省汕尾市红海湾凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池养殖基地全程采集养殖池塘水样,检测水体细菌类群和理化因子,分析养殖过程中细菌类群的数量变化规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示,养殖过程中水体异养细菌、弧菌(Vibrio)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)的数量波动性较大,其中异养细菌波动范围1.35×10^4~1.39×10^6cfu·mL^-1,平均4.73×10^5cfu·mL^-1;弧菌波动范围1.05×10^3~5.20×10^4cfu·mL^-1,平均1.80×10^4cfu·mL^-1;芽孢杆菌波动范围0.11×10^3~4.30×10^3cfu·mL^-1,平均6.6×10^2cfu·mL^-1;粪大肠菌群(fecalcoliform)大多在1.0×10^2cfu·L^-1以内,平均0.97×10^2cfu·L^-1,远低于无公害食品海水养殖用水水质标准。对细菌与理化因子的单因子分析显示,异养细菌与溶解氧(DO)呈显著的负相关性(P〈0.05),弧菌与pH呈极显著的负相关性(P〈0.01),与化学需氧量(COD)和总磷(TP)呈显著的正相关性(P〈0.05)。多因子偏相关分析显示,异养细菌和弧菌与DO、pH、COD、TP的相关关系均不显著(P〉0.05)。结果表明,调查的养殖池塘对虾生长良好,该养殖池塘是安全、基本健康的系统,水环境中细菌数量受养殖系统中生物、环境因子及人为因素的影响和制约。  相似文献   

4.
2001年5~7月,在深圳东海岸水产公司南澳半封闭式斑节对虾Penaeus monodom精养基地,进行了有益微生物的应用对虾塘总异养细菌和弧菌数量影响的调查研究。结果表明,对虾养成过程中,施用有益微生物的实验组虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量明显较未施用的对照组虾塘低,但各虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化特征基本相同,即在养殖前期,虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量均较稳定,并处于相对较低的水平;而在养殖中、后期,总异养细菌和弧菌数量均急剧升高,尤以对照组虾塘的升幅最大,其弧菌数量甚至超过100×102CFU.mL-1的对虾发病之弧菌数量临界值。实验组与对照组虾塘中表层沉积物中,总异养细菌和弧菌数量差异不大,总异养细菌和弧菌数量变化特征也基本相同,但实验组与对照组之间有所差异,其中实验组表现为双峰型的变化特征,峰值出现在养殖前期或中期和养殖将结束时;对照组则呈单峰型变化,峰值均出现在养殖中期。有益微生物的应用对虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的抑制效果较对沉积环境中的效果明显。  相似文献   

5.
应用平板稀释涂布培养计数法和荧光显微镜计数法,对秋、冬季(2008年9月~2009年2月)刺参养殖池塘水体中的浮游细菌数量变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,吖啶橙染色直接计数法(AODC)测得细菌总数的变化范围是1.0×106~2.1×107个/ml,活菌直接计数法(DVC)测得活菌总数的变化范围是4.0×105~5.7×106个/ml。异养细菌平板计数法(HPC)测得异养细菌数量为0.6×102~1.7×105CFU/ml。TCBS平板培养的弧菌数量在6.6×103CFU/ml以下。从时间分布看,刺参养殖池塘水体中浮游细菌数量最高值出现在10月份,最低值出现在1月份,秋季细菌数量显著高于冬季(P0.01)。从空间分布看,水体底层细菌数量显著高于表层(P0.05)。利用SPSS13.0软件对所得到的数据进行统计分析表明,同一样品不同计数方法获得的细菌总数数值之间存在显著的相关性(P0.01)。  相似文献   

6.
4有益菌调控技术 4.1芽孢杆菌调控技术 在养殖水环境中使用的芽孢杆菌主要为枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌,在养殖池塘中能够快速降解养殖代谢产物,减少有机物在池底的累积,促进物质循环利用,促进优良浮游微藻繁殖,延缓池底老化,同时抑制有害菌繁殖,促进有益菌形成优势,改善水体质量。  相似文献   

7.
于暴雨频发的华南雨季(2009年5月-8月)对粤西凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖池塘水体和底泥进行调查,研究在强天气干扰条件下养殖池塘细菌数量动态及多样性指数变化情况。结果发现,水体异养细菌在104-106 cfu?mL-1间波动,弧菌数量在养殖初期高达105 cfu?mL-1, 虾池301# 和404# 自6月18日开始施用芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)等微生态制剂后,其弧菌(Vibrio sp.)数量维持在104 cfu?mL-1以下,403# 和305# 波动较大且多次超过105 cfu?mL-1;4口虾池水体弧菌与异养细菌的数量比值在养殖初期均超过20%,之后301# 和404# 保持在12%以下,403#和305# 在养殖后期分别达到21%和33%。底泥异养细菌先升高后稳定,弧菌数量除305# 较稳定外,其他虾池波动较大(103-107 cfu?g-1)。施用微生态制剂池塘301#和404#水体微生物群落多样性较前期降低,305#和403#较前期升高;底泥微生物群落多样性则呈现相同的变化规律,群落的丰富度、常见种的优势度和群落均度较前期有所降低。结果表明,施用微生态制剂的虾池可在气候多变的情况下保持养殖水体细菌群落的相对稳定,抑制弧菌滋生,降低微生态环境风险。  相似文献   

8.
溶藻细菌控藻作用及其在对虾养殖池塘中的应用前景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
浮游微藻与养殖池塘的水质及对虾的健康状况密切相关,控制有害微藻的过度繁殖,维持优良的藻相对于养殖水环境的稳定、减少对虾疾病的发生具有重要意义。文章对浮游微藻与对虾养殖的关系及溶藻细菌的研究进展进行了概述,分析了溶藻细菌在对虾养殖中的应用前景,提出了利用溶藻细菌控制对虾养殖池塘有害微藻的研发思路。  相似文献   

9.
通过有益微生物制剂在西部盐碱地池塘中的施用,得出以下结论:1)有助于池塘中氮、磷的良性循环,改善了水体中氮磷的比例,从而可促进浮游生物的生长,提高初级生产力,提高池塘的养殖效益。2)有利于浮游微藻保持平稳繁殖,可以调整并优化西部盐碱地池塘的浮游微藻的种群结构。  相似文献   

10.
老化虾池生态系中几类主要细菌的季节变化特征   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
对青岛市老化虾池生态系中几类主要细菌的季节变化情况进行了研究,结果表明,虾池水体中的异养菌总数在放苗前和养成前期均较低,从养成中期开始逐渐增高,7、8月份菌量达到最高,养成末期逐渐有所下降,总变化幅度为10^3-10^5cells/ml;弧菌数和硝酸盐还原菌数在养殖中、后期增长速度高于其他种类,在总菌中所占比例增大;沉积环境中的3类细菌的数量均比同期水体中的菌量高1-2个数量级,养殖后期和末期菌量仍保持在较高水平,硝酸盐还原菌在总菌量中占较高比例。因此认为,现有老化虾池微生物群落的演变不利于对虾的生长,应对微生态平衡进行人工调控。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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