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1.
为探讨养殖水体底栖鱼类肠道排泄物对铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏的影响,将青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物与铜绿微囊藻休眠体用野外养殖水域沉积物(底泥)混匀包埋,在10、15和20°C梯度温度下进行休眠体复苏实验。结果显示,铜绿微囊藻休眠体主要复苏期为第3~15天,在10和15°C条件下,青鱼排泄物组(MP)、鲇排泄物组(SA)和青鱼-鲇排泄物混合组(MP-SA)铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率均显著高于对照组(CK),且MP组也显著高于SA组和MP-SA组;在20°C条件下,MP组铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率显著高于SA组、MP-SA混合组和CK组,但SA组和MP-SA组与CK组复苏率并无显著性差异。实验过程中MP组沉积物中优势菌群以假单胞菌为主,SA组和MP-SA组优势菌群分别以芽孢杆菌和厚壁菌为主,第0~12天为菌群增殖期,且此期间沉积物-水体界面(SWI)实验MP组、SA组和MP-SA组溶解氧含量(DO)和氮磷比(N/P)均显著低于对照组。研究表明,青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物能促进铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏,且这种促复苏效果在低温区间(10~15°C)更显著,可能是排泄物中菌群在生长增殖期降低了沉积物-水体界面N/P和DO的结果。研究结果对养殖水体底泥清淤和春季铜绿微囊藻水华防控具有一定的理论意义。  相似文献   

2.
微囊藻化学防治研究综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
综述了在淡水池塘及湖泊中控制蓝藻(主要是微囊藻)大量繁殖的化学方法及化学物质,主要包括工业合成的化学物质和天然化学物质;同时阐述了在室内实验中成功抑制微囊藻生长的例子,指出了目前微囊藻防治存在的问题并展望了该领域的研究发展前景.  相似文献   

3.
化感作用与养殖池塘中铜绿微囊藻的防治   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
化感作用主要的作用机制是影响藻细胞的细胞膜、光合作用和能量产生步骤以及能量使用过程;次要的机制是影响呼吸过程以及酶的作用。介绍了化感作用的概念、抑藻机理、可利用方式及化感作用与铜绿微囊藻防治的关系,展望了化感作用防治铜绿微囊藻在池塘体系中的发展前景。  相似文献   

4.
为了解蓝藻水华期间微囊藻毒素在罗非鱼体内的分布及累积传递过程,2008年6月至8月采集了高密度蓝藻池塘及太湖网箱内的鱼样及水样,用ELISA法对鱼样和水样进行微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量的检测。结果表明:池塘水体微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量变化范围在0.123~0.514ug/L间,MC-LR含量随着藻密度的下降而降低,对照组水体MC-LR浓度显著高于实验组MC-LR含量。池塘鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量在1.194~3.615ng/g间,肝脏组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量显著高于肌肉组织。将池塘与网箱罗非鱼转至无微囊藻水体中暂养,跟踪检测MC-LR含量变化,池塘和网箱鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量均低于人体每日可耐受摄入量,而肝脏组织藻毒素MC-LR含量则分别需要经过10~20天自然生物降解后降低至安全摄入量之下。并讨论了微囊藻毒素在鱼体内的组织分布与食物链中的累积传递。  相似文献   

5.
为了解蓝藻水华期间微囊藻毒素在罗非鱼体内的分布及累积传递过程,2008年6~8月采集了高密度蓝藻池塘及太湖网箱内的鱼样及水样,用ELISA法对鱼样和水样进行微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量的检测。结果表明,池塘水体微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量在0.123~0.514μg/L,MC-LR含量随着藻密度的下降而降低,对照组水体MC-LR浓度显著高于实验组MC-LR含量。池塘鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量在1.194~3.615ng/g,肝脏组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量显著高于肌肉组织。将池塘与网箱罗非鱼转至无微囊藻水体中暂养,跟踪检测MC-LR含量变化,池塘和网箱鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量均低于人体每日可耐受摄入量,而肝脏组织藻毒素MC-LR含量则分别需要经过10~20d自然生物降解后降低至安全摄入量之下。讨论了微囊藻毒素在鱼体组织分布与食物链中的累积传递。  相似文献   

6.
为了解蓝藻水华期间微囊藻毒素在罗非鱼体内的分布及累积传递过程,2008年6~8月采集了高密度蓝藻池塘及太湖网箱内的鱼样及水样,用ELISA法对鱼样和水样进行微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量的检测.结果表明,池塘水体微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量在0.123~0.514 μg/L,MC-LR含量随着藻密度的下降而降低,对照组水体MC-LR浓度显著高于实验组MC-LR含量.池塘鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量在1.194~3.615ng/g,肝脏组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR累积含量显著高于肌肉组织.将池塘与网箱罗非鱼转至无微囊藻水体中暂养,跟踪检测MC-LR含量变化,池塘和网箱鱼体肌肉组织微囊藻毒素MC-LR含量均低于人体每日可耐受摄入量,而肝脏组织藻毒素MC-LR含量则分别需要经过10~20d自然生物降解后降低至安全摄入量之下.讨论了微囊藻毒素在鱼体组织分布与食物链中的累积传递.  相似文献   

7.
研究了铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和蛋白核小球藻(Chlorellapyrenoidosa)携带白斑综合症病毒(whitespotsyndromevirus,WSSV)数量变化及对水体游离WSSV量的影响。试验设置微藻高、低密度组和不加微藻的对照组,分别加入等量的WSSV粗提液,于第2、第24、第72和第120小时以实时荧光定量PCR检测藻液上清和沉淀藻体的WSSV数量。结果表明,微囊藻和小球藻可携带少量WSSV,且随时间延长而减少;微囊藻携带WSSV量与其细胞数呈显著正相关(P〈0.05),小球藻携带WSSV量与其细胞数相关性不显著(P〉0.05);2种微藻均有促进水体WSSV数量消减的效果,且小球藻的消减效果优于微囊藻,对养殖对虾白斑综合症(whitespotsyndrome,WSS)的生态防控更有积极意义。  相似文献   

8.
通过加入金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum)与铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方式,测定其过程中藻密度、总氮和总磷、藻毒素含量的变化,研究金鱼藻、狐尾藻对微囊藻生长及藻毒素释放的影响。结果表明,金鱼藻、狐尾藻不仅能很好地抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,吸收水中的氮磷元素,还能在一定程度上抑制微囊藻毒素的释放。其中狐尾藻对铜绿微囊藻密度的抑制率能高达91.19%,对氮和磷的吸附率分别为66.84%和53.75%,对藻毒素MC-LR的抑制率达到44.23%。  相似文献   

9.
通过加入金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum)与铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方式,测定其过程中藻密度、总氮和总磷、藻毒素含量的变化,研究金鱼藻、狐尾藻对微囊藻生长及藻毒素释放的影响.结果表明,金鱼藻、狐尾藻不仅能很好地抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,吸收水中的氮磷元素,还能在一定程度上抑制微囊藻毒素的释放.其中狐尾藻对铜绿微囊藻密度的抑制率能高达91.19%,对氮和磷的吸附率分别为66.84%和53.75%,对藻毒素MC-LR的抑制率达到44.23%.  相似文献   

10.
养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从本质上讲,水华是以蓝藻为载体的物质和能量转换的结果[1].在含营养物质丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大量繁殖,并在水面形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,被称为"水华".大规模的蓝藻爆发,被称为"绿潮".中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所的孔繁翔研究员等在2007年对蓝藻水华的形成机制进行了研究,提出了4阶段的理论假设:即蓝藻的生长与水华的形成可以分为休眠、复苏、生长、上浮及聚集4个阶段.每个阶段中,蓝藻的生理特性及主导环境影响因子有所不同.在冬季,水华蓝藻的休眠主要受低温及黑暗环境所影响.春季的复苏过程主要受湖泊沉积表面的温度和溶解氧控制,而光合作用和细胞分裂所需要的物质与能量,决定水华在春季和夏季的生长状况,一旦有合适的气象与水文条件,已在水体中积累的大量蓝藻群体将上浮到水体表面积聚,形成可见的水华[2].水华的出现最根本的原因还是排入水体的污染物远远大于水体环境的自身容量[3].  相似文献   

11.
A previous study documented a correlation between Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment in the Gulf of Maine and an annual index of the north component of May winds. This correlation was supported by modeling studies that indicated strong recruitment of Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod results from high retention of spring‐spawned larvae in years when winds were predominately out of the north, which favor downwelling. We re‐evaluated this relationship using updated recruitment estimates and found that the correlation decreased between recruitment and wind. The original relationship was largely driven by two recruitment estimates, one of which (2005 year‐class) was highly uncertain because it was near the terminal year of the assessment. With additional data, the updated assessment estimated lower recruitment for the 2005 year‐class, which consequently lowered the correlation between recruitment and wind. We then investigated whether an environmentally‐explicit stock recruit function that incorporated an annual wind index was supported by either the original or updated assessment output. Although incorporation of the annual wind index produced a better fitting model, the uncertainty in the estimated parameters and the implied unexploited conditions were not appropriate for providing management advice. These results suggest the need for caution in the development of environmentally‐explicit stock recruitment relationships, in particular when basing relationships and hypotheses on recruitment estimates from the terminal years of stock assessment models. More broadly, this study highlights a number of sources of uncertainty that should be considered when analyzes are performed on the output of stock assessment models.  相似文献   

12.
Northern rock sole recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea has been hypothesized to (a) depend on wind‐driven surface currents linking spawning and nursery areas, (b) be density‐dependent, and (c) be negatively impacted by cold bottom temperatures over a large nursery area during the first summer of life. A suite of models was developed to test these hypotheses. Data included 32 years of recruitment and spawning biomass estimates derived from a stock assessment model and wind and temperature indices customized to the environmental exposure of age‐0 northern rock sole in the eastern Bering Sea. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated, and the models were used to forecast recruitment to age‐4 for recent year classes which are poorly retained by the standard multi‐species bottom trawl survey gear. Models which included wind and temperature indices performed better than a naïve forecast based on the running mean. The best‐performing model was a categorical model with wind and temperature thresholds, which explained 49% of the variation in recruitment. Ricker models performed more poorly than models without a spawning biomass term, providing no evidence that recruitment is related to stock size. The models forecast higher recruitment for the most recent year classes (2015–2018) than for prior year classes with observed poor recruitment (2006–2013). These environment‐based recruitment forecasts may improve recruitment estimates for the most recent year classes and facilitate study of the effects of future climate change on northern rock sole population dynamics.  相似文献   

13.
Two approaches were used to qualify observed variability in Greenland cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment. In the first analysis, we used the linear trend of the Greenland cod recruitment time series and climatic variables, such as air temperatures from the Denmark Strait and wind conditions off East Greenland and Southwest Greenland, to explain the interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. The model resulting from this ‘trend/environmental approach’, explained 79% of the interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. In the second, analytical approach, the ‘regime approach’, multiple linear regression models were used, with the input data being the time series of cod recruitment and spawning stock biomass (SSB) from Iceland and Greenland, sea surface and air temperatures around Greenland, and zonal wind components between Iceland and Greenland. Model results indicated that, during the decades between 1950 and 1990, there were three different cause–effect regimes which significantly influenced the variability of cod recruitment. The three regimes included: (a) the 1950s and 1960s, a regime with favorable sea surface temperatures and a self‐sustaining cod stock off Greenland with high SSB that produced a series of above‐average, strong year classes; (b) the 1970s and 1980s, a regime of declining SSB and recruitment, with recruitment dependent on advection from Iceland; and (c) the 1990s, when the advective potential for recruitment from the Icelandic cod stock was the only available source for replenishment of the Greenland cod stocks, because cod recruitment in Greenland waters was negligible. The three models explained 76–77% of the observed interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. Both approaches suggested that advective factors were the dominant influences for cod recruitment in the ‘Iceland–Greenland System’.  相似文献   

14.
The relationship between oceanographic conditions and clupeoid (pilchard, Sardinops sagax, and anchovy, Engraulis capensis ) recruitment in the northern Benguela upwelling system was investigated from 1981 to 1987 using a time-series of mean weekly SST images. Two approaches were taken. The first involved correlating recruitment success with the number of weekly coastal `SST events' above various cut-off temperatures during the main reproductive season. The second involved constructing a multiple regression model of recruitment success with two independent environmental variables: namely, the number of coastal `SST events' greater than 19°C, and an onshore retention index for the early life-history stages. The retention index was derived from a spatial time-series analysis of the SST images using principal components analysis. In general, pilchard recruitment showed a positive relationship with the `number of SST events' whilst anchovy recruitment had a negative relationship; 1987 was an outlier year, during which there were exceptionally high levels of both pilchard and anchovy recruitment. The multiple regression R 2 values were high and significant for both species (pilchard R 2 = 0.88, anchovy R 2 = 0.96). The regression model also accounted for the 1987 outlier according to levels of onshore retention which, despite low inshore SSTs, were particularly high during the 1986/87 reproductive season. Although these results need to be validated with data from a longer time period, they show how satellite data might be used for predicting clupeoid recruitment success in the northern Benguela.  相似文献   

15.
Prochilodus lineatus (Val.) is one of the main target species of South American freshwater fisheries. The following null hypotheses regarding juvenile recruitment of P. lineatus were tested: (a) recruitment is not determined by variations in larval abundance and (b) recruitment is not determined by variations in discharge. For this purpose, variations in abundance of larvae in main channel drift and monthly captures of juveniles in a floodplain lake of the River Paraná were examined weekly between 2009 and 2016. Mean annual abundances of larval densities and CPUE of juveniles were correlated with a set of hydrometric variables. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of juveniles with high and persistent flood pulses. By contrast, larval abundance was not correlated with juvenile abundance. Pronounced contrast was found in the recruitment of P. lineatus between years of high and low discharge, which supports the hypothesis that floods are the main determining factor for recruitment of this species.  相似文献   

16.
The whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, is exploited by coastal fisheries in the Plata estuary. Its age structure shows the predominance of certain year classes, which are indicative of recruitment variability. The estuary is affected by river discharge variations associated with climatic signals (El Niño Southern Oscillation and others). We hypothesize that recruitment may correlate: (i) negatively with runoff (low runoff would promote the stronger retention of ichthyoplankton); (ii) positively with temperature (higher temperatures should enhance larvae survivorship and/or expand the spawning season); and (iii) positively with the wind zonal component (stronger onshore winds should facilitate the retention of ichthyoplankton). A time series of the relative cohort strengths was constructed for the 1938–2000 period from the age frequencies based on otolith readings. We performed a spectral analysis of the biological and physical series, and we searched for co‐movements between them, which suggested the presence of mechanistic links. The results showed co‐movements for recruitment, runoff and air temperature series at approximately 6.5, 3.4 and 2.4 yr; the temperature reinforced the runoff effects on recruitment at the 6.5‐yr peak, and it weakened them at the 3.4‐ and 2.4‐yr peaks. Wind variability was not relevant for the time scales studied. To explore the mechanisms of retention, we modeled the effects of the runoff fluctuations on the dispersal of the eggs. Both the statistical and modeling results supported the hypothesis that the effects of extreme river discharges on retention may regulate croaker recruitment by promoting high (low) recruitment during low (high) discharge periods.  相似文献   

17.
The connection of climate variability with anchovy spawning and recruitment in the Black Sea in particular, and other ecosystems in general, was studied using a two‐way coupled lower trophic level and anchovy bioenergetics model. Climate variability was represented by a 50‐yr time series of daily temperature and vertical mixing rates with stochastic variations. Temperature was found to be the dominant factor influencing early life stages and hence population dynamics of Black Sea anchovy as marked by a high correlation of anchovy egg production and recruitment success in response to changes in temperature. Each decrease of 2°C in summer mean temperatures resulted in a delay in the timing of egg production of between 12 and 19 days. Water temperatures in the spawning season had a greater influence than the number of available spawning females on the intensity of egg production. Anchovy recruitment was similarly influenced by temperature, with decreased temperatures resulting in a significant delay in the onset of peak recruitment during the fall by 21–38 days. Also, recruitment numbers in December decreased by about 20% with decreasing temperatures. The impact of temperature on production was slightly diminished by the impact of vertical mixing. The strong linkage of climate variability with anchovy spawning and recruitment has an important prediction potential for short‐term anchovy stock estimations, which may serve fisheries management purposes.  相似文献   

18.
Understanding the environmental factors that regulate fish recruitment is essential for effective management of fisheries. Generally, first‐year survival, and therefore recruitment, is inherently less consistent in systems with high intra‐ and interannual variability. Irrigation reservoirs display sporadic patterns of annual drawdown, which can pose a substantial challenge to recruitment of fishes. We developed species‐specific models using an 18‐year data set compiled from state and federal agencies to investigate variables that regulate the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs in south‐west Nebraska, USA. The candidate model set for walleye included only abiotic variables (water‐level elevation, minimum daily air temperature during winter prior to hatching, annual precipitation, spring warming rate and May reservoir discharge), and the candidate model set for white bass included primarily biotic variables (catch per unit effort (CPUE) of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, CPUE of age‐0 walleye, CPUE of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and CPUE of age‐3 and older white bass), each of which had a greater relative importance than the single abiotic variable (minimum daily air temperature during winter after hatching). Our findings improve the understanding of the recruitment of fishes in irrigation reservoirs and the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors.  相似文献   

19.
Shifts in climate regime are prominent features of the physical environment of the eastern Bering Sea and in recent years have been documented in approximately 1977 and 1989. Average snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) recruitment decreased sharply after the 1989 fertilization year. Models in which control of snow crab recruitment shifts between drivers dependent on climate ‘regime’ are presented. These models are evaluated using cross‐validation and retrospective analysis, both of which indicate that the relationships are relatively robust to varying levels of information. Larval survival as influenced by food availability in the pelagic phase and advection to suitable nursery grounds are the hypothesized mechanisms driving recruitment dynamics.  相似文献   

20.
We developed new assessment methods for Acropora coral recruitment using coral settlement devices (CSDs) and holes of a marine block. Both devices were deployed in situ before mass spawning of Acropora corals. The CSDs were sampled after 3–4 months of spawning to measure early recruitment, whereas holes of the marine block were observed underwater or MB was sampled to observe holes after 1 year of spawning to measure the recruitment. By combining the results, we would know the recruitment (visually identified underwater) in reefs, including the amount of early recruitment (identified by stereomicroscopic methods), and the environmental condition of the coral reef. These results would help to predict the future of a reef. Nagura Bay had a high early Acropora recruitment; however, due to competition with algae and sedimentation, the recruitment of juvenile corals was extremely low. The reef would possibly be healthy and sustainable at sites where both the early recruitment and recruitment are high. However, if both are low, the reef will be in a critical condition where urgent restoration will be required.  相似文献   

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