甲壳动物内分泌学研究与展望

甲壳动物内分泌学研究起始于本世纪初,至今,已累积了大量的研究成果和资料,涉及的范围很广泛［Ｃａｒｌｉｓｌｅ和Ｋｎｏｗｌｅｓ１９５９,Ｆｉｎｇｅｒｍａｎ１９８７,郑重１９８９］,这些研究包括早期的甲壳动物色素系统与体色变化的关系,Ｘ－器官窦腺复合体的发...     

甲壳动物CHH家族神经激素结构和功能研究进展

甲壳动物主要利用温度、光照周期等外界因子调节其生理状态 ,使它们的生殖活动处于最适条件下 ,来自外界因子的这些信息作用于甲壳动物的中枢神经系统 ,后者将其传递到神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统能够分泌一些促进因子和抑制因子以实施对性腺活动的调控。由于甲壳动物成体的生殖和蜕皮常常交替出现 ,因此 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统的精确调控非常重要。甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)家族神经激素是甲壳动物特有的多肽激素 ,它们主要由眼柄的Ｘ -器官窦腺复合体合成 ,它们包括 :甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)、…     

甲壳动物免疫学的研究进展

综述了甲壳动物免疫学研究的现状,指出了免疫学未来的发展和工作方向。     

甲壳动物幼体蜕皮的调控

甲壳动物生长发育总是与蜕皮联系在一起的 ,而其胚后发育具有一系列形态各异的幼体期 ,每一期幼体的形态和生理特点通过蜕皮而改变 ,或者通过蜕皮变态发育成为后期幼体或具有成体的形态。各期幼体的这种发育类型一般是与蜕皮周期相关的[1] ,蜕皮周期可分为蜕皮 (ｍｏｌｔ或ｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)、蜕皮后 (ｐｏｓｔｍｏｌｔ或ｍｅｔｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)、蜕皮间 (ｉｎｔｅｒｍｏｌｔ或ａｎｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ)和蜕皮前 (ｐｒｅｍｏｌｔ或ｐｒｏｅｃｄｙｓｉｓ) ;对于甲壳动物 ,根据Ｄｒａｃｈ和Ｔｃｈｅｒｎｉｇｏｖｔｚｅｆｆ[2 ] 的标准可把蜕皮周期进一…     

甲壳动物胚胎学的研究

甲壳动物胚胎学的研究薛俊增堵南山赖伟（华东师范大学生物系,上海２０００６２关键词：甲壳动物胚胎学综述甲壳动物胚胎学的知识,对甲壳动物的起源、演化、分类及幼体培育都有重要的意义。虽然甲壳动物胚胎学的研究始于１９世纪早期,但真正广泛的研究则从１９世纪后半...     

甲壳动物内分泌学研究与展望

在斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)体内新发现了2种高血糖激素(crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, CHH)家族基因PmCHH和PmHHLPP。基因组分析结果显示,其均具有CHH-Ⅰ型基因基本的“信号肽-CPRP-KR/ER/RR-成熟肽”结构,且与已报道的CHHs基因的基因组结构相似;聚类分析结果显示,尽管PmCHH 和PmHHLPP与多个CHHs基因序列相似性超过50% (最高达99%),但与其聚为一支的基因均不是CHH-Ⅰ型基因;生物信息学分析结果显示,PmCHH和PmHHLPP的转录起始位点“A”及其核心启动子区域分别位于开放阅读框(ORF)上游的99 bp和190 bp,同时在预测其空间结构后发现,两者的三维结构中均含有4个α螺旋构型;组织表达结果显示,2个基因均在肠中有较高的表达量,而PmCHH在鳃、PmHHLPP在眼柄中表达量也较高,但在肝胰腺和肌肉中表达量较低;幼体发育阶段表达结果显示,2个基因在无节幼体Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、溞状幼体Ⅰ期和糠虾幼体期表达量均有较大波动,与代谢强度呈弱相关关系。根据其一级结构的特征和相关表达情况,可推测PmCHH和PmHHLPP均为CHHs家族基因。     

罗非鱼苗种雄性检测方法

采用性腺组织染色压片镜检法对不同规格罗非鱼苗种进行雄性率检测,经生物统计学卡方检验对检测结果进行分析.结果表明:性腺组织染色压片镜检法检测的苗种雄性率与实际苗种无显著差异,对检测早期罗非鱼苗种雄性率准确可靠,所需设备简单,具有很强的实用性.     

甲壳动物复眼的研究

复眼是甲壳动物重要的光感受器,由几个到数万个小眼组成,对甲壳动物生理和行为有重要影响。介绍了甲壳动物成体复眼结构、胚胎和幼体复眼发育以及幼体复眼中Gq蛋白研究情况。     

甲壳动物大颚器及其合成甲基法尼酯的放射化学测定法

放射化学(Radiochemistry)主要是研究放射性物质和原子核转变过程的化学分支学科[1].放射化学与原子核物理对应地关联和交织在一起,成为科学技术的两个兄弟学科.     

甲壳动物的遗传与育种

本文总结了甲壳动物遗传育种的特点、研究方法和引起变异的措施。详细地回顾了外部条件处理引起的生理和生化变化,对今后的甲壳动物遗传育种有一定的指导意义。     

十足目甲壳动物的EST-SSR分析

本研究应用生物信息学方法,对21种十足目甲壳动物EST-SSR的特点进行了归纳总结和分析。结果显示,不同物种间的EST-SSR丰度存在明显差异,腹胚亚目中脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的EST-SSR位点最为丰富(868.02个/Mb),拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)位点丰度最低(286.48个/Mb);枝鳃亚目中斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon) EST-SSR位点最为丰富(641.19个/Mb),白滨对虾(Litopenaeus setiferus)位点丰度最低(166.96个/Mb);腹胚亚目和枝鳃亚目中均是二、三、四核苷酸基元的SSR较为常见,在腹胚亚目中占总数的41.11%,在枝鳃亚目中占总数的28.00%;复合(Ⅰ)类型的SSR在腹胚亚目(51.38%)和枝鳃亚目(65.13%)中占很大比例;腹胚亚目二核苷酸基元的SSR中AC/GT分布频率最高,三核苷酸基元的SSR中ACC/GGT和AAT/ATT占优势;枝鳃亚目二核苷酸基元的SSR中AG/CT占优势,三核苷酸基元的SSR中AAT/ATT的分布频率高于其他三核苷酸基元。此外,对脊尾白虾含有SSR的EST进行GO分析后发现,细胞代谢过程、链接产物、细胞组分和细胞的比例分别在3个类型的注释中占优势。本研究加深了对十足目甲壳动物SSR分布规律的认识,可为甲壳动物EST-SSR标记的开发及实际应用提供参考。     

海产甲壳类血卵涡鞭虫病研究进展

血卵涡鞭虫是导致海产甲壳类疾病的主要寄生虫病原之一,国内迄今尚未见相关报道。本文结合作者近年来对海水养殖甲壳类病害的研究结果,较系统地综述了国外甲壳类寄生血卵涡鞭虫的研究进展,包括分类地位、生活史、传播途径、流行病学、组织病理以及诊断方法,并提出了相应的防治措施,旨在为中国海水养殖蟹类血卵涡鞭虫病害的研究与防治提供参考。     

Long-term starvation in the European eel: general effects and responses of pituitary growth hormone-(GH) and somatolactin-(SL) secreting cells

European eels reaching the silver stage stop feeding in freshwater and during their spawning migration to the Sargasso sea (6000 km at least in the Ocean). The total duration of this exceptional fast is not well known. Few data are available on the general condition and the endocrine responses to starvation of migrating eels. In this study male (silver) and female (yellow and silver) eels were kept in freshwater without food for various lengths of time. Animals were killed after 7 months to 3 or 4 years. After a gradual decrease, the final body weight was reduced by 84% in males (52 months) and 67–69% in females (up to 4 years). The condition factor (K) followed a parallel curve. In the pituitary gland, GH cells were hypertrophied and highly stimulated. Their cross-sectional area was negatively correlated to K. Large GH cells remained well immunostained with an anti-eel GH serum after 7 to 12 months of starvation. In the leanest eels, the immunostaining was often reduced and many GH cells appeared degranulated, suggesting a low hormonal storage. In contrast, SL cells were reduced in size and number in the anterior half of the neurointermediate lobe (NIL), but showed a more heterogeneous picture in the caudal portion. GH and SL cell activities seemed to be negatively correlated in starved fish and controlled by different mechanisms. GH appears to play a major role in the long-term survival of fasted eels; SL does not seem to be involved.     

Characterisation of cellulase activity in the digestive system of the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

Endogenous cellulase activity was identified in the gastric fluid and digestive gland of the redclaw crayfish. Cellulase showed maximal activity from pH 4 to 5 and was stable for up to 2 h at 40°C. Cellulase activity in the digestive gland was unaffected by antibiotic treatment. Taken together these findings suggest a significant endogenous component for redclaw cellulase activity. Partial purification of cellulase activity was performed using anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. One major and one minor band of activity were identified subsequently by SDS-PAGE and zymography. The molecular weight of the major band was estimated at 40 kDa while the minor band was estimated at 30 kDa. Redclaw cellulase enzymes demonstrated broad substrate specificity, hydrolysing polysaccharides containing β-1,4 and mixed β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds but showed a preference for soluble substrates. Hydrolysis products of cellodextrins of various lengths also showed that the enzymes liberated free glucose. Exposure of redclaw to antibiotics resulted in a dramatic decline in bacterial populations in the gastric contents (>90%) but only a 40% decline in cellulase activity.