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1.
研究了循环水对池塘中氮、磷含量、浮游生物种群结构及其相互关系的影响。结果显示:从循环塘中共鉴定出浮游植物93种,隶属6门47属;非循环塘中共鉴定出浮游植物100种,隶属6门48属,循环塘与非循环塘均以绿藻门种类最多,分别占各塘种类总数的40.86%、42%。两塘中浮游植物的密度和生物量分别为:循环塘为247.68~1133.31(×104ind/L)和3.07~10.83 mg/L;非循环塘为511.68~1773.3(×104ind/L)和4.48~17.34 mg/L。循环塘浮游植物的密度和生物量比非循环塘要低,且差异性显著(P<0.05)。循环水鱼塘中共检出浮游动物33属42种,非循环水池塘68属88种,在试验期间两塘中浮游动物的优势种主要是由原生动物和轮虫组成,其种数变化顺序为原生动物>轮虫>枝角类和桡足类。循环塘中原生动物和轮虫分别占浮游动物总种类数的52.38%、33.34%;而非循环塘中原生动物和轮虫分别占浮游动物总种类数的42.05%、48.86%。其中循环塘72~708.11 ind/L和0.41~1.69 mg/L;非循环塘152.9~208.20 ind/L和0.26~0.46 mg/L。循环塘浮游动物的密度和生物量显著高于非循环塘(P<0.05)。循环塘与非循环塘中浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为介于1.39~1.62和1.16~1.48之间,两塘中浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为介于0.50~1.95和1.08~1.45之间。结果表明:循环水对养鱼池塘水体中浮游生物的出现率、丰度和生物量影响较大。  相似文献   

2.
了解华南大型饮用水源水库浮游动物群落结构特征及主要环境影响因子,为水库生态环境保护提供基础资料和参考依据。于2019年8月至2020年6月在新丰江水库进行了每2个月1次的浮游动物监测,设置采样站点12个。结果显示,调查期间共采集到浮游动物19属30种,其中轮虫8属17种,枝角类5属7种,桡足类6属6种,其中夏季出现的种类数最多(25种),春季最少(14种);浮游动物密度和生物量变化范围分别为11.52~161.52 ind./L和0.92~17.65 mg/L,具有极显著的季节差异(P<0.01),表现为夏季高、冬季低的特点,空间整体上呈现为上游和下游河道型库区高,中心敞水区低的分布趋势;浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为0.87 ~ 1.19,Margalef丰富度指数为0.97~1.53,Pielou均匀度指数为0.54 ~ 0.93;浮游动物密度与环境因子的相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,水温、叶绿素a和pH是影响新丰江水库浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

3.
研究了南麂列岛海洋保护区浮游动物种类组成、数量分布、多样性指数、浮游动物与浮游植物动态变化及浮游动物数量变化与营养盐的关系。经鉴定:共发现浮游动物98种,主要有暖温带近海类群和暖水性外海类群;8月份南麂列岛浮游动物生物量和丰度出现最高值,9、10月份逐渐减少,多样性指数变化范围1.78~4.38,平均3.99;保护区内浮游动物数量与浮游植物细胞密度呈良好的正相关关系,与氮含量呈负相关关系。  相似文献   

4.
自2014年10月至2015年10月逐月对山西省长治市沁县县城境内的梁家湾水库浮游动物群落进行调查和分析,共检出浮游动物58种(属),其中,原生动物22种(属)、轮虫30种(属)、枝角类3种(属)、桡足类3种(属)。浮游动物年均密度为16 418个/L,年均生物量为9.894 mg/L。种类数、密度、生物量均呈现夏秋两季相对较高的特点。相关性分析显示,水温、总磷、叶绿素a是影响浮游动物群落变化的重要因素,表明梁家湾水库浮游动物群落结构的季节变化与水体营养状况密切相关。综合运用水质理化因子、综合营养状态指数、多样性指数及浮游动物优势种对梁家湾水库进行水质污染水平和富营养化评价,得出2015年梁家湾水质状况属于β-中污染,营养程度为中营养型水库  相似文献   

5.
探究河道水体中浮游动物群落分布的变化及影响因素对河道水体生物多样性的维持和水生生态系统保护具有非常重要的意义。本研究于2017年9月至2018年8月对上海徐汇区代表性的城市河道进行了环境因子和浮游动物群落结构的周年调查,共采集到浮游动物32种,其中轮虫25种,桡足类4种,枝角类3种。全年浮游动物优势种12种,包括轮虫10种,桡足类1种,枝角类1种。不同季节环境因子差异显著,浮游动物种数、丰度和生物量均为夏季最高,冬季最低。浮游动物的典范对应分析(CCA)显示,氮磷比、叶绿素a浓度和溶解氧是影响该水体浮游动物群落差异的显著环境因子。运用水质理化因子、多样性指数及浮游动物优势种进行水质污染水平评价,判断该河流水质状况属于中污型。调查结果可为上海市城市河道生态环境保护提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

6.
镬底潭是苏州市郊的中型湖泊。1987年笔者对镬底潭的浮游动物进行了调查,并就浮游动物评价镬底潭水质污染作初步探讨。经分析,浮游动物高峰期出现的优势种多为耐污性种类,其数量分布呈现上游低下游高的趋势,恰与沿岸工厂废水排放所引起的水质污染浓度成反比,可以推断上游众多工厂的污水排放抑制了浮游动物的生长发育。以浮游动物多样性指数评价该水域的污染程度为中污染;从指示生物组成来看,趋于多污染类型。因此镬底潭水质应属于中污性和多污性的过渡类型。  相似文献   

7.
南洞庭湖浮游生物资源调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2005年5月和9月2次对南洞庭湖浮游生物资源进行了调查,共采集浮游植物6门43属.其中最多的是硅藻门,17属,占39.5%;其次是绿藻门,13属,占30.2%:再次是蓝藻门,8属,占18.6%;剩余的各门种类较少。浮游动物方面,由于原生动物种粪繁多.且在分类学上不易鍪定,因此只对大型浮游动物进行了纂定.共采集大型浮游动物20属,轮虫最多,有9属:枝角类7属;桡足类4属。  相似文献   

8.
研究围网拆除后升金湖后生浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子间的关系,为今后升金湖生态恢复及生物多样性保护提供科学依据。2018年4月至2019年1月对升金湖区域后生浮游动物及环境因子进行了调查。调查结果显示,后生浮游动物优势种共9种,密度和生物量平均值分别为(356±52.1)个/L(、30.2±4.68)mg/L。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为:2.54(1.953.15)、1.92(0.872.34)、0.73(0.550.85)。Pearson相关性分析与RDA分析结果表明,影响升金湖后生浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子为电导率、TP浓度、NH4+-N浓度、水生植被盖度、水温、Chl-a浓度等。围网拆除后水体的透明度、浊度、溶解氧浓度均有改善,但营养盐浓度并未发生显著变化,与2016年前的升金湖调查数据相比,后生浮游动物密度和生物量均有所增加,种类由中污型向寡污型转化趋势明显。  相似文献   

9.
对虾工厂化养殖中浮游动物群落结构的变化规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了掌握对虾工厂化养殖过程中浮游动物的变动规律,有效管理水体环境质量,提高养殖效益,于2018年8月17日~11月3日,以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,分析了对虾工厂化养殖水体中浮游动物群落结构特征、演替规律及其与养殖水体弧菌、浮游微藻和环境因素的关系。结果显示,从实验塘鉴定出21种浮游动物,隶属于4大类,种类最多的为原生动物,共13种,占总数的61.9%;其次为轮虫和桡足类,均为3种,占总数的14.3%;枝角类最少,占总数的5%。整个养殖期,浮游动物的平均密度约为0.71×103 ind./L,平均生物量约为11.72 mg/L。养殖过程中优势种由原生动物、轮虫、桡足类物种逐渐演变成单一的原生动物物种。实验塘浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)在0.52~1.64之间波动,前期先降低后升高,后期有所降低。相关性分析显示,浮游动物数量和浮游微藻数量显著负相关(P<0.05),典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)显示,温度、pH、营养盐等是影响浮游动物优势种演替的重要因素。研究结果为深入认识凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖中浮游动物的群落结构提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

10.
红水河龙滩水库浮游动物群落结构特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2009年夏季和冬季对龙滩水库浮游动物进行了2次调查,共检出浮游动物73属、137种;夏季为100种,冬季为108种;夏季优势种10种,冬季优势种11种,两季共有的优势种为6种。浮游动物平均密度为5 800个/L,原生动物占绝对优势;平均生物量为1.2366 mg/L,轮虫所占比重最大。两季浮游动物现存量无明显差异,但在水平分布上差异显著。依据浮游动物密度聚类分析,龙滩水库各断面浮游动物分为3大类群。龙滩水库成库后,库尾段浮游动物现存量变化较小,坝前、库中明显增加。依据浮游动物生态学指标评价,龙滩水库水质为贫-中营养型。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

19.
  1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
  2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
  3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
  4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
  5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.
  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

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