吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼（GIFT）群体内的形态差异与分化

研究所用60个家系的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT strain Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus;简称吉富罗非鱼)样本均为由世界渔业中心所在地马来西亚引进的原种.采用传统形态学测量方法,测量每尾鱼的体质量、体长、体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长和尾柄高后进行主成分分析和相关分析,研究吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼群体内的形态差异.结果显示,吉富罗非鱼体高与体质量的相关性最大(R2=0.900 2).在体长与体质量对应的点状分布中,总群体、雌雄群体和每个家系群体中均呈现出2条带状,分布于2条带的个体问质量差异不显著(P>0.05),对应的个体数量之比接近常数0.7;体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长和尾柄高相应的分布则呈现出变异幅度迥异的条带.本研究表明,吉富罗非鱼群体内部在形态上存在差异.[中国水产科学,2009,16(1):54-60]     

“吉富”系列罗非鱼生长性状的配合力、杂种优势与遗传相关分析

"吉富"系列罗非鱼是中国当前养殖的主要罗非鱼种类。该研究以3个品系"吉富"尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(新吉富、吉富、吉诺玛)为研究材料,应用3×3完全双列杂交设计构建了9个组合,采用数量遗传学方法对各组合子一代的体质量、全长、体长、体高和体宽5个生长性状的配合力、杂种优势与遗传相关进行了分析。结果表明:5个生长性状均未检测到一般配合力,而特殊配合力效应达62%以上,表明这些性状主要受到特殊配合力的影响;进一步的杂种优势分析发现吉诺玛♀×新吉富♂、新吉富♀×吉诺玛♂、吉富♀×新吉富♂这3个组合的杂种效果明显,其中以吉诺玛♀×新吉富♂为最佳组合;5个生长性状之间均存在显著的遗传相关与表型相关(P0.05),可进行多性状的聚合利用。该研究结果为"吉富"系列罗非鱼的配套利用提供了有益的资料和数据,同时为开展罗非鱼配套系育种提供了依据。     

正反交奥尼罗非鱼形态性状差异及对体质量的影响

为探究不同杂交方式奥尼罗非鱼形态性状对体质量的影响,对埃及尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)与"夏奥1号"奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromisco aureus)正反交子代奥尼罗非鱼群体开展体质量(BW)与全长(TL)、体长(SL)、头长(HL)、体高(BD)、尾柄长(CPL)、尾柄高(CPD)、体厚(BWD)共7个形态性状测定与分析,判断影响奥尼罗非鱼体质量的主要性状,并建立体质量多元回归方程;采用单因素相关性分析、复相关分析、主成分分析等多元分析方法,比较了正反交奥尼罗非鱼的形态差异。结果显示,正交奥尼罗非鱼群体全长、体高和尾柄高3个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-154.286+9.016XTL+10.065XBD+17.884XCPD;反交雌性奥尼罗非鱼群体全长和体高2个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-92.582+7.415XTL+8.727XBD;反交雄性奥尼罗非鱼群体体长和体高2个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-120.299+8.661XSL+16.590XBD。主成分分析构建了2个主成分,第1主成分主要代表TS、BDS、CDS、BWS和HS形态特征,第2主成分主要代表BS和CLS形态特征,对PCA1和PCA2作散点图可将正交雄鱼与反交雌鱼有效区分。研究表明,不同杂交方式、不同性别的奥尼罗非鱼影响体质量的形态特征均存在差别,在亲鱼挑选及子代选育工作中,建议采用多性状综合选育的方式,以提高选育培养结果的准确性和稳定性。     

罗非鱼5个不同品系低温致死的研究

在室内人工降温条件下,进行了美国品系奥利亚罗非鱼及4个尼罗罗非鱼品系(美国品系、埃及品系、泰国品系和吉富品系)耐寒能力的试验,计算每个品系罗非鱼的半致死低温(LT50值)和低温累计存活小时数(CDH值),评估各品系耐寒力的大小.试验结果表明,美国品系奥利亚罗非鱼的死亡温度是8.6～9.6℃,其余4个尼罗罗非鱼品系的死亡温度在9.4～10.4℃.各罗非鱼品系的LT50值由高到低的顺序是:吉富尼罗>泰国尼罗>美国尼罗>埃及尼罗>美国奥利哑;CDH值由高到低的顺序是:美国奥利亚>埃及尼罗>美国尼罗>泰国尼罗>吉富尼罗.美国奥利亚罗非鱼的耐寒能力最强,极显著高于其他罗非鱼品系;吉富尼罗罗非鱼的耐寒能力极显著低于其余4个罗非鱼品系.     

尼罗罗非鱼新品种“鹭雄1号”的制种研究

采用多年定向选育的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)雌鱼做母本,采用由性别二系配套技术繁殖的尼罗罗非鱼超雄鱼做父本,构成XX♀/YY♂尼罗罗非鱼新品种繁育体系,可规模化繁育全雄性尼罗罗非鱼新品种"鹭雄1号"。"鹭雄1号"的突出特点是遗传雄性率高,达到99.00%以上,较其它所有尼罗罗非鱼品系的雄性率高出1倍左右,同时具有生长迅速和出肉率高的优良性状。     

吉富罗非鱼家系选育3代后形态性状变异及其对体质量的影响

以吉富罗非鱼引进群体(P)及其家系选育第三代(F3)为实验对象, 测定了群体的体质量(Y)、体长(X1)、体宽(X2)、体高(X3)4个性状, 通过相关分析、通径分析和回归分析, 计算相关系数、通径系数和决定系数, 建立多元回归方程, 对P和F3间形态性状及其对体质量的影响程度进行对比分析。结果显示: 1) 与亲本相比, F3体质量、体长、体宽和体高4项指标都有显著提高, 同时变异系数有一定下降, 体型趋于一致, 其中雌性变化较大。2) F3较P 3项形态性状指标对体质量影响最大者均由体高×体长变为体长。3) 与P相比, F3体长、体宽和体高3项形态性状对体质量的影响力有所下降。     

美国品系尼罗罗非鱼的选育及其效果分析

采用闭锁群体继代选育的方法(Closed population continuing selection and breeding method)对美国品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)进行提纯选育,并利用选育获得的尼罗罗非鱼亲本作为母本,奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)作为父本进行杂交生产子一代(简称"美奥"罗非鱼),再对子一代开展网箱养殖对比实验,以养殖实验的结果来评价选育尼罗罗非鱼的效果。结果表明:(1)实验组美国品系尼罗罗非鱼雌性后备亲本留种率P2世代分别比第P0、P1世代提高了103.16%和35.92%,P1世代比P0世代提高了49.47%,远高于同期未经选育的美国品系尼罗罗非鱼;(2)实验组"美奥"罗非鱼杂交组合的雌性亲本产苗量高达21.5万尾,高于对照组的21.2万尾;实验组产苗前期、高峰期和后期后代雄性率分别为96.27%、97.01%和95.70%,高于对照组的94.37%、95.65%和94.18%,但均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势;(3)经过选育的"美奥"罗非鱼平均体长、平均体质量、绝对增重率、绝对增长率、特定生长率和生长指标均显著高于对照组(P0.05);600g以上的罗非鱼所占的比例由对照组的51.2%增加到64.6%,增幅达到26.2%;头部比例有变小的趋势,头长/体长在0.30以下的比例由对照组的19.0%上升到32.07%,增幅达68.8%;实验组"美奥"罗非鱼的雄性率、单产及肥满度等主要经济指标均比对照组显著提高(P0.05)。以上结果表明,"美奥"罗非鱼的选育效果良好,可为"尼奥"罗非鱼的苗种生产提供亲本保障。     

遗传全雄尼罗罗非鱼与吉富罗非鱼养殖性能比较

以超雄鱼为父本进行遗传全雄鱼的繁育是获得全雄罗非鱼苗种的方法之一。为了评估全雄尼罗罗非鱼的养殖性能,进行了遗传全雄尼罗罗非鱼与吉富罗非鱼的池塘及网箱养殖比较试验。结果显示,初始体长3～5 cm的遗传全雄尼罗罗非鱼和吉富罗非鱼鱼苗经过100 d池塘养殖后,平均体质量分别达到558.00 g和501.80 g,遗传全雄群体的生长速度比吉富群体快11.26%;将体质量为18～19 g的遗传全雄尼罗罗非鱼和吉富罗非鱼鱼种放在同一网箱中饲养,45 d后,其平均体质量分别达到144.69 g和125.91 g,遗传全雄群体的生长速度比吉富群体快18.02%;同时,遗传全雄群体的雄性率达到了100%。对比试验结果表明,遗传全雄尼罗罗非鱼具有较高的养殖推广价值。     

2个大黄鱼群体雌、雄性亲本性状的相关关系研究

为研究大黄鱼不同群体以及不同性别亲本性状间的相关关系,采用相关关系、通径系数和多元回归等分析方法对海捕野生、养殖2个大黄鱼群体雌、雄性亲本的全长、体长、体高和体质量等生长性状进行了相关性分析。结果显示,不同群体亲本的性状相关系数在0. 275～0. 979,性状相关关系均呈现显著性(P 0. 05)。不同群体的雌、雄亲本,其全长对体质量的直接作用均为最小。海捕野生群体(YS)中,雌性亲本体长和雄性亲本体高对体质量的直接作用最大,分别为0. 525、0. 684;养殖群体(YZ)中,雌、雄性亲本全长对体质量的直接作用均为最大。通过分析建立了以体质量(y)为因变量,全长(x_1)、体长(x_2)和体高(x_3)为自变量的回归方程。YS群体亲本:雌性的回归方程为y=-1 480. 485+38. 43x_2+82. 108x_3,R~2=0. 943;雄性的回归方程为y=-1 068. 517+22. 071x_2+102. 65x_3,R~2=0. 950。YZ群体亲本:雌性的回归方程为y=-1 188. 337+35. 494x_2+64. 572x_3,R~2=0. 867;雄性的回归方程为y=-422. 411+28. 557x_1,R~2=0. 401。方程偏回归系数及回归常数均达到了极显著水平(P 0. 01),回归模型满足正态性假设。该生长阶段不同群体的亲本影响体质量的重点性状已经找到,主要为体长和体高,但养殖群体雄性亲本主要影响体质量的性状尚未找到。     

卵形鲳鲹不同月龄选育群体主要形态性状与体质量的相关性分析

为探讨卵形鲳鲹不同月龄选育群体主要形态性状对体质量的影响,跟踪测量了1月龄,4月龄,7月龄,10月龄和13月龄个体的全长(x1),体长(x2),体高(x3)和体质量(y),共测量2 635尾。运用相关分析、多元回归分析和通径分析的方法,计算了以体质量为因变量,其他形态性状为自变量的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,剖分各性状对体质量的影响,建立最优多元回归方程。结果显示,在不同生长阶段,4个性状间的相关系数在0.017～0.960之间,除4月龄个体体高与其他性状间相关性不显著外,其他月龄群体各性状两两之间的相关性均达到了极显著水平;1月龄和4月龄个体全长对体质量的直接作用最大,7月龄、10月龄和13月龄个体则是体高对体质量的影响最大;各性状对体质量决定程度分析与通径分析变化趋势一致,各月龄群体全长、体长、体高估算体质量的多元线性回归方程的拟合度良好(86.9%～90.6%)。研究表明,影响体质量的主要形态因素已找出,选育时期不同,所选择的形态性状也应有所差异,为卵形鲳鲹选择育种提供了必要的技术参数。     

3种品系尼罗罗非鱼生长及高密度胁迫后生理响应变化的比较

以‘吉富’、‘新吉富’、‘埃及尼罗’3种不同品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象, 通过不同品系之间生长与高密度胁迫反应的比较, 探讨3种尼罗罗非鱼的生长特点与应激后生理响应的变化规律。将初始规格基本一致的3种品系尼罗罗非鱼饲养100 d后, 吉富罗非鱼特定生长率最高, 新吉富其次, 两者间无显著差异(P>0.05), 埃及尼罗罗非鱼特定生长率显著低于吉富罗非鱼(P<0.05)。吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的内脏比显著高于埃及尼罗(P<0.05); 3种尼罗罗非鱼的肥满度之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。养殖实验结束后, 进行48 h的急性高密度(100 g/L)应激实验。应激48 h内, 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇与溶菌酶活力/水平以及肝HSP70mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的变化。应激48 h后, 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清皮质醇水平与应激前相比无显著差异(P>0.05), 吉富与新吉富罗非鱼的皮质醇水平显著高于应激前(P<0.05); 埃及尼罗罗非鱼血清溶菌酶活力与肝HSP70 mRNA水平在应激后48 h内始终高于应激前(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 短期高密度胁迫可提高3种尼罗罗非鱼血清葡萄糖与甘油三酯的利用, 并诱发肝损伤。埃及尼罗罗非鱼的抗高密度应激能力高于吉富和新吉富罗非鱼。

     

Flesh characteristics: estimation of genetic parameters and correlated responses to selection for growth rate in the GIFT strain

Flesh characteristics comprising chemical composition (protein, fat and moisture percentages and pH) as well as a sensory attribute (colour) were measured in 1951 fillet samples from two generations of two populations (a selection line, selected for increased harvest weight, and a control line, selected for average breeding values for harvest weight) of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia. These data were jointly analysed with 5331 harvest weight records from three generations to estimate genetic parameters and correlated selection responses. Multiple trait animal models were used in the analyses. The potential for correlated responses was evaluated by estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations between body traits (weight, length, depth and width) and fillet traits (weight and yield) with the above mentioned flesh characteristics. The heritabilities for protein%, fat% and colour were low (0.06–0.11), whereas for moisture% and pH they were moderate (0.15–0.20). Genetic correlations among some flesh characteristics (moisture% with protein%, fat% and pH and with fat%) as well as between body and fillet traits with flesh characteristics, were significantly different from zero but low (?0.34 to 0.31). Correlated responses were evaluated by comparing the least squares means between the Selection and Control lines. Our results indicate that selection for high growth increased harvest weight in the Selection line relative to the Control line but it did not change the flesh characteristics of the GIFT strain.     

海豚链球菌感染对不同品系罗非鱼血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响

以吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼、埃及尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼为研究对象,饲养100d后,进行海豚链球菌(2.95×108CFU/mL)感染试验,分析攻毒前后各品系罗非鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。另从各桶中取20尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点的累积死亡率。结果表明,感染海豚链球菌96h后,吉富罗非鱼和新吉富罗非鱼对病原较为敏感,累积死亡率分别达到36.67%和38.33%;埃及尼罗罗非鱼对病原敏感性较差,试验期间未见死亡。吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA的表达量在攻毒后明显提高,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与溶菌酶活力也呈上升趋势,碱性磷酸酶活力与甘油三酯和胆固醇水平低于攻毒前。埃及尼罗罗非鱼可以利用糖原和脂类产生的能量,提高了HSPS与一些特定免疫蛋白(溶菌酶、球蛋白等)的合成,增强了鱼体的非特异性免疫力。罗非鱼选育过程中,需要将抗病力与生长性能进行有效的结合,在注重生长速度的同时也要增强其抗应激能力,从而为罗非鱼产业的可持续发展提供保证。     

投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响

通过胃排空试验与养殖试验研究了不同投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃排空、生长性能以及体组成的影响.在试验开始时,观测尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃内饲料排空情况,胃排空试验结果表明,胃排空率的最佳描述为平方根函数,胃内饲料在饱食投喂后15 h左右完全排空,达到投喂前水平,80％胃排空为9h,也就是投喂后大约9h恢复食欲.360尾试验鱼(初始体质量3.72 g)以不同的投喂频率(1d4次、1d3次、1d2次、2d4次、2d3次、2d2次)分组,每组设立3个平行组,随机养殖于18个网箱中,每箱养殖20尾鱼,按饱食量投饲膨化饲料.养殖期为6周.尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼在投喂频率为1d4次、1d3次和1d2次时特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于投喂频率为2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时(P＜0.05)；投喂频率为1d2次、2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时其摄食量显著低于1d4次和1d3次时(P＜0.05).随着投喂频率降低,鱼体水分含量逐步上升,脂肪和蛋白质含量逐步下降,其中1d4次、1d3次组鱼与2d2次组鱼有显著性差异(P＜0.05).各投喂频率组间的肝体指数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).3.7～48.0 g尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的适宜投喂频率为1d2次,较2d2次、2d3次和2d4次时明显提高了生长速度和饲料效率,较1d3次、1d4次摄食量显著降低.2种试验结果较为一致.     

Performance of genetically improved Nile tilapia compared with red hybrid tilapia fed diets containing two protein levels

A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interaction between tilapia genotype and dietary protein level on the growth, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus L., F₉ generation of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain] and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Two isoenergetic diets (15.5 kJ g⁻¹ diet) containing 25% or 35% crude protein were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (12.8±0.2 g) at a fixed daily ration of 4% of their body weight. The growth performance of the GIFT tilapia fed 25% or 35% dietary protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with red tilapia at either protein level. Increasing the dietary protein level by 10% led to a further 10% increase in the final weight of GIFT tilapia but no further increase was observed in the weight gain of red tilapia. Growth was influenced by the interaction between diet and tilapia genotype. Feed conversion ratios were 14% and 33% better in GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia fed the 25% or 35% protein diet respectively. Protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization were influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype, but not the interaction between the two. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein did not differ significantly between the two diets and tilapia genotypes but lipid digestibility was 1.2–4.7% higher for the GIFT tilapia. Tilapia whole‐body protein content was significantly influenced by both diet and tilapia genotype. The higher growth potential, better feed utilization efficiency and higher body protein content of GIFT tilapia compared with red tilapia should have a positive impact on tilapia farming in terms of production costs.     

Comparative study of growth performance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L. at two stocking densities

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density (125 or 200 fish m^?3) on the growth performance of three strains of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: the non‐improved strain (NS), the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) and the Freshwater Aquaculture Center selected tilapia known as the FaST selected line (SL). Each strain and density combination was triplicated in 0.42 m³ fibreglass tanks within a re‐circulating water system. Water temperature was maintained at 29.0±1.0°C. Large Nile tilapia having a mean body weight of 100–110 g were stocked in each tank and hand‐fed four times daily with commercial tilapia pellets (35% protein) for 104 days. Results showed that at the two stocking densities, the GIFT and SL strains showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) mean weight (MWT), daily growth rate (DGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross yield (GY) than the NS. In all three strains, growth performance was negatively affected by stocking density. The lower density (125 fish m^?3) treatments had significantly higher MWT, DGR and SGR than the higher density one (200 fish m^?3). However, higher FCR and GY were observed at the higher density. Survival rates were high in all treatments and were not affected by strain or density. In general, the SL strain had better growth parameters than the GIFT strain. The findings of this study demonstrated the superior growth performance of the improved strains at both densities compared with the NS. The higher density (200 fish m^?3) could be more profitable for the tilapia farms in Kuwait than the lower density of (125 fish m^?3) in terms of reduced land cost and facilities, demand on the limited low‐salinity underground water and manpower.     

Growth and survival rate of three genetic groups fed 28% and 34% protein diets

The strain by nutrition interaction in body weight and survival rate was examined by testing three genetic groups (Selection and Control lines of the GIFT strain, and Red tilapia) at two levels of protein in the diet (28% and 34%). The GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has been selected for high‐breeding values for body weight, whereas the Control was contemporaneously maintained and selected for breeding values of body weight close to the population mean. The Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp) was unselected at the time of the experiment. There were a total of 6000 fish at stocking in the study (2000 fish per genetic group). During the grow‐out period of 147 days, within each genetic group, the fish were randomly assigned to either a 28% or a 34% protein diet. Survival rate during grow‐out averaged 72%. A total of 4335 fish were harvested, with individual body measurements and survival recorded. The effect of genetic group accounted for the largest proportion of variation in body weight and survival, followed by sex and protein level. Across the two dietary protein levels, the GIFT strain had the highest growth. The difference in body weight between the Control and Red tilapia was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Responses in growth to dietary protein levels also differed between genetic groups. No differences (P > 0.05) in body weight were found in the GIFT selection and Control fish fed 28% or 34% protein diets. However, body weight of Red tilapia was greater in the high‐ than in the low‐protein diet. In contrast to body weight, survival rate from stocking to harvest was affected by protein level. The high‐protein diet significantly improved survival rate, averaging 24% across the three strains. The overall results indicate significant effects of genetic group and dietary protein level on both body weight and survival rate; however, the interaction between strain and dietary protein levels was small and possibly unimportant for these traits. It is concluded that the 28% protein diet used in the selection programme for the GIFT strain results in the selection of genotypes that can perform well under commercial feeds.     

吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼自繁与杂交 F1遗传特性与抗病力分析

以吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼为繁育亲本,采用完全双列杂交繁育4组F1,将初始规格基本一致的4组罗非鱼饲养100 d后,运用“加性-显性”遗传分析模型,分析了4组F1罗非鱼8个生长相关性状杂种优势、遗传效应以及与性状间的相关性.结果表明:(1)F1群体平均优势为0.129 4～0.368 4.除尾柄长超亲优势较大外,其他性状的群体超亲优势较小或表现出负向超亲优势.(2)8个性状的广义遗传率(HB)为0.714 2～0.995 3,表明加性效应和显性效应对性状的遗传变异影响极显著(P＜0.01).除尾柄长外,其他性状的狭义遗传率(HN)介于0.469 4～0.737 9,表明加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占比率较高.(3)体质量、全长、体长、体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长、尾柄高性状之间表型相关在0.776 6～0.999 7范围内,而遗传相关在0.994 1～1.000 0之间,表明这些性状间都存在极显著的正相关.取样结束后,采用3.95×106 CFU/mL的海豚链球菌菌液进行腹腔感染,吉富罗非鱼自繁组F1代12 h后出现死亡,而奥利亚罗非鱼自繁组F1192 h后才出现死亡.384 h后,吉富罗非鱼自繁组F1死亡率为40％,正反交组F1分别为20％和23.3％,奥利亚罗非鱼自繁组F1死亡率最低,为6.67％.研究结果表明,除尾柄长外,杂交F1的其他性状不具备超亲优势,然而杂交可以提高选育后代的抗病力.     

吉富罗非鱼家系构建及抗病力检测

文章以吉富罗非鱼（GIFTstrainOreochromisniloticus）为研究对象,按照1雄配1雌原则进行家系配对,待家系鱼生长至50～60g·尾“时人工感染无乳链球菌（Streptococcusagalactiae）（菌株GD001）。通过对GD001菌株半数致死浓度测定及各家系感染死亡率的统计,研究了GD001无乳链球菌感染对各家系吉富罗非鱼抗病力的影响。结果表明,1）配对成功家系67个,经繁殖性能筛选后留种53个,家系留种率为79．1％;2）GD001菌株的半数致死浓度为4×108cfu·mL－1,感染后2～6d为死亡高峰期;3）GD001菌感染53个家系后有11个家系的成活率在90％以上,15个家系的成活率在70％～89％,19个家系的成活率在30％～69％,8个家系的成活率低于30％,表明不同家系对GD001菌株的抗病力存在着显著的差异（P〈0．05）。