叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定

为了更好地增殖和保护叶尔羌高原鳅（Triplophysa yarkandensisa）这一塔里木河水系优势土著鱼类，拟采用实验生态法，在水温（20±1）℃条件下，利用人工孵化获得叶尔羌高原鳅初孵仔鱼进行饥饿试验，确定仔鱼的不可逆点（PNR），并研究延迟投饵对仔鱼成活和生长的影响。结果显示，叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼3日龄即开口摄食，进入混合营养期，仔鱼卵黄囊于6～7日龄消耗完毕，混合营养期维持仅为3～4 d。初次摄食点出现在3日龄时，摄食率仅为16.7%，初次摄食率最高达在7日龄，摄食率可达90%，PNR出现在仔鱼孵出后的8～9日龄。3日龄后饥饿对仔鱼卵黄吸收速度影响显著((P< 0.05)；摄食仔鱼生长呈线性增加，饥饿仔鱼生长呈现先升高后降低的趋势。叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼的最佳投喂时间应在仔鱼开口后4d之内。研究表明：叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼个体较小，对于初次摄食饵料的的选择范围较小，食谱范围窄，初孵仔鱼死亡率高，对于高原鳅属仔鱼开口饵料有待进一步开发。     

舟山褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）仔鱼摄食和生长的研究

试验研究了褐牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus仔鱼的摄食和生长。结果表明，仔鱼初次开口摄食时间在6日龄（16～18℃），初次摄食率为30％，8日龄饥饿仔鱼最大初次摄食率为65％，孵出后第9天达到不可逆点（PNR），混合营养期为3d左右。初次摄食强度和初次摄食率开始时较低，在卵黄囊耗尽时达最高，然后下降。随着饥饿时间的延长，仔鱼出现“负增长”，孵化第11天存活率仅为10％，12日龄全部死亡。     

齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆生长点的确定

水温17.3～21.5℃,取刚孵出的同一批齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼,暂养于2.0 m×0.8 m×0.6 m玻纤缸中,养殖到5日龄、即开口前1 d时,将仔鱼随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组500尾。6日龄A组试验鱼开口投喂,B组和C组不投喂,研究饥饿胁迫对齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼生长、发育、存活、卵黄囊吸收、摄食率及摄食强度的影响,确定齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼的不可逆生长点,即仔鱼初次摄食率低于最高初次摄食率50%时的日龄。试验结果显示,饥饿对齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼全长、体长、体高、肛前长等生长指标具有极显著影响(P0.01),对眼径、鳔等组织器官发育具有明显影响;齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼混合营养期为7 d;齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼初次摄食率约为15%,第13～14日龄仔鱼的初次摄食率达到最高值100%,17日龄仔鱼到达不可逆生长点;齐口裂腹鱼饥饿组仔鱼50%累计死亡率出现日龄为19日龄,在饥饿不可逆生长点之后。试验结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼具有较强的饥饿耐受能力,齐口裂腹鱼最佳投喂时间为9日龄,最晚开口时间不晚于14～15日龄。     

饥饿对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)卵黄囊期仔鱼摄食和生长的影响

研究了在水温为(23±0.5)℃，盐度为29-30的培育条件下，饥饿胁迫对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)仔鱼生长、摄食、存活等一系列的变化。结果显示，2.5日龄体长出现负增长现象，3日龄仔鱼开口摄食，4.5日龄卵黄囊和油球消耗殆尽；仔鱼摄食率随日龄的变化呈先升高后降低，最终为0，最大值出现在卵黄囊和油球消失之后的当天，即5.5日龄仔鱼达到最大初次摄食率，摄食率为66.67%；6日龄仔鱼的初次摄食率为最大初次摄食率的1/2，仔鱼达到不可逆点，其混合营养的时间为2-3 d，即仔鱼初次摄食率发生到达不可逆点的时间为2.5 d；云纹石斑鱼仔鱼孵化出膜后的3-6 d为其摄食的重要时期。     

乌原鲤仔鱼摄食和饥饿耐受能力研究

研究掌握乌原鲤（Procypris merus）仔鱼早期培育过程的摄食特点和饥饿耐受力，将为乌原鲤苗种规模化培育提供重要的技术支撑。本文在水温20-22 ℃条件下，选用乌原鲤初孵仔鱼进行饥饿试验，研究饥饿胁迫对乌原鲤仔鱼生长、发育、存活、卵黄囊消耗、初次摄食率以及摄食强度的影响，确定了乌原鲤仔鱼的饥饿不可逆点（PNR）。结果显示，乌原鲤仔鱼5-9日龄为混合营养期。乌原鲤仔鱼5日龄开口摄食，初次摄食率仅达15 %，8日龄仔鱼摄食率达最高水平100 %，维持7 d，19日龄达到不可逆点。饥饿胁迫对乌原鲤仔鱼全长、体长、体高、肛前长、眼径等生长指标有极显著影响（P < 0.01）。试验结果表明，乌原鲤仔鱼具有较强的饥饿耐受能力。掌握乌原鲤仔鱼初次投喂时机，提高仔鱼成活率，可为乌原鲤的大规模培育提供技术指导。     

杂交鳜仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定

在水温（24±1）℃条件下,对翘嘴鳜（♀）×斑鳜（♂）杂交所得的杂交鳜仔鱼进行饥饿试验,确定其初次摄食饥饿不可逆点（PNR）。研究结果表明：杂交鳜仔鱼4日龄开口,此刻仔鱼卵黄囊已吸收完毕,但油球仍在,仔鱼发育进入混合营养期。7日龄仔鱼油球吸收完毕,进入外源营养期,仔鱼混合营养期仅为3d。杂交鳜仔鱼初次摄食率开始时为15%,高峰期出现在油球即将耗尽时的6日龄仔鱼,可达70%。仔鱼不可逆点出现在7～8日龄,杂交鳜仔鱼具有初次摄食能力的时间为4～5d。     

延迟投饵对泥鳅仔鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响

试验分延迟0d、1d、2d、3d、4d、5d、6d、7d投饵和完全饥饿9个试验组，研究了延迟投饵对泥鳅仔鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响。结果显示：水温27℃±1℃时，泥鳅仔鱼3日龄开口，混合营养期2d，4日龄卵黄囊消失。开口当日初次摄食率为36%，最高初次摄食率出现在5日龄，达98%，饥饿不可逆点（PNR）在8～9日龄。延迟0d（正常投饵）和1d投饵组仔鱼体长一直呈增长趋势，至11日龄，两组仔鱼体长没有显著差异（P>0.05）；随延迟投饵天数的增加，仔鱼体长生长速度明显降低；完全饥饿组仔鱼3～5日龄呈正增长，随后转为负增长。延迟0d和1d投饵组，11日龄时仔鱼存活率分别为82.67%和89.33%，且两者无显著差异（P>0.05）；随延迟投饵天数的增加，11日龄时仔鱼存活率明显降低；完全饥饿组，11日龄时仔鱼全部死亡。     

饥饿对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)卵黄囊期仔鱼摄食和生长的影响

研究了在水温为(23±0.5)℃,盐度为29?30的培育条件下,饥饿胁迫对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)仔鱼生长、摄食、存活等一系列的变化。结果显示,2.5日龄体长出现负增长现象,3日龄仔鱼开口摄食,4.5日龄卵黄囊和油球消耗殆尽;仔鱼摄食率随日龄的变化呈先升高后降低,最终为0,最大值出现在卵黄囊和油球消失之后的当天,即5.5日龄仔鱼达到最大初次摄食率,摄食率为66.67%;6日龄仔鱼的初次摄食率为最大初次摄食率的1/2,仔鱼达到不可逆点,其混合营养的时间为2?3 d,即仔鱼初次摄食率发生到达不可逆点的时间为2.5 d;云纹石斑鱼仔鱼孵化出膜后的3?6 d为其摄食的重要时期。     

黑棘鲷仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆点的确定

在水温18℃~19℃条件下，采用实验生态学方法研究了饥饿对黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)仔鱼存活、生长发育及行为学特征的影响。通过测定仔鱼的初次摄食率和饥饿不可逆点(PNR)，确定了初次投喂的最佳时间。结果显示，黑棘鲷仔鱼3日龄开口摄食，4日龄卵黄囊消失，6日龄油球消失，混合营养期仅3 d，属容易遭受饥饿胁迫的鱼类。仔鱼开口时初次摄食率仅为30%，之后迅速提高，至5日龄达到最高的90%，之后逐渐下降，7日龄降至45%，到达PNR。饥饿组仔鱼在6日龄后开始出现生理性萎缩，全长与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)，进入PNR后，仔鱼活动能力显著下降，身体出现扭曲、畸形，死亡率急剧升高，至10日龄全部死亡。黑棘鲷仔鱼耐受饥饿能力较弱，建议开始投饵的最适时机为仔鱼开口后的4 d内。     

马拉瓜丽体鱼仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定

在（28±1）℃条件下对马拉瓜丽体鱼（Cichlasoma managuense）仔鱼进行饥饿试验,确定仔鱼的不可逆点（PNR）,并研究延迟投饵对仔鱼成活和生长的影响。结果显示,仔鱼在4日龄时开口摄食,进入混合营养期,持续3 d;7日龄时卵黄囊消失,进入外源营养期。初次摄食率开始时仅为15%,6日龄时的初次摄食率最高达100%,9日龄以后初次摄食率急剧下降,PNR出现在仔鱼孵出后第9至第10日龄。延迟投饵1～3 d对仔鱼的成活率影响不大,延迟投饵4 d以上仔鱼成活率明显下降。完全饥饿条件下仔鱼全长在0～8日龄为正增长,之后开始转为负增长。延迟投饵1～3 d的12日龄仔鱼全长无显著差异（P〉0.05）;延迟投饵超过4 d的仔鱼全长则有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。马拉瓜丽体鱼仔鱼的最佳投喂时间应在仔鱼开口后的3 d之内。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

美人鱼发光杆菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异性 免疫功能及抗病力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.