甘肃金鳟水库网箱卒合设袍流水孵化及苗种培育技术

鲑鳟鱼属于冷水性鱼类，具有肉味鲜美、营养丰富、刺少肉多、人工繁殖易于操作等特点，为联合国粮农组织向世界推广的四大优质淡水养殖品种之一。甘肃省的养鳟科技工作者，在长期的生产实践中选育出虹鳟的变异品种一甘肃金鳟，经过长达10年、3代的人工定向选育，2006年12月甘肃金鳟通过了全国水产原良种委员会的审定，被确定为全国水产养殖新品种。与美国金鳟相比，甘肃金鳟的体色鲜艳、眼睛血红色且抗病力强，在同等条件下饲养生长比虹鳟快5％～10％。     

鲑鳟鱼类养殖技术之五甘肃金鳟选育方法与生长性能比较

甘肃金鳟是甘肃省养鳟科技工作者在长期生产实践中选育出的虹鳟变异品种,经过长达10年、3代的人工定向选育,于2006年12月通过了全国水产原良种委员会的审定,甘肃金鳟被确定为全国水产养殖新品种.现将甘肃金鳟的选育方法与生长性能比较介绍如下.     

金鳟的人繁及稚鱼培育

我国目前人工养殖的金鳟是黑龙江水产研究所于１９９６年末从日本引进的发眼卵繁育的后代，经过了五年的饲育，金鳟以其特有的生长和市场优势而得到较迅速的推广。为使有意养殖金鳟的读者能尽快熟悉和掌握苗种培育技术，本文将金鳟的人工繁殖和稚鱼培育技术要点叙述如下。一、饲养环境条件金鳟对生存环境的要求同虹鳟鱼类似。生长水温在６～２０℃，最佳生长水温在１４～１８℃，低于６℃或高于２０℃鱼摄食受到影响。饲养水质要求清澈、洁净无污染，溶解氧要在６毫克／升以上，pH６．５～７，总硬度８～１２德国度。饲养池规格：稚鱼池３…     

全国水产原良种审定委员会审定品种——甘肃金鳟养殖技术（上）

甘肃金鳟是虹鳟养殖过程中在虹鳟红体色突变种的基础上,以生长速度、体色和遗传纯度为选育指标筛选培育而得到的新品种,其体色金黄,眼睛血红,     

金鳟成鱼池塘养殖技术

金鳟（OncorhynchusMykiss）属鲑科鱼，大麻哈鱼属，是日本科技工作者从虹鳟的突变种选育出的金黄色品系。其全身呈金黄、橙黄或桔黄色，从背部向腹部颜色逐渐变浅，腹部呈白色，眼呈淡玫瑰红色，是兼具观赏、游钓、美食于一体的优良品种。１９９６年黑龙江水产研究所王昭明研究员从日本引进我国后根据其体色特征取中国名为“金鳟”。金鳟引进后以其特有优势得到了迅速推广，已成为我国养鳟业继虹鳟后第二个重要家养品种。现将其成鱼池塘养殖技术介绍给广大养鳟户作为参考。一、金鳟的生物学基础知识金鳟具有冷水性鱼类的生物学特征。正常…     

地下井水集约化养殖金鳟试验

金鳟作为一种新兴的名贵养殖品种,逐步受到人们的关注,本试验采取利用地下井水,室内工厂化高密度养殖的方式进行养殖,经过近8个月的时间,在480 m2的养殖池塘中,共生产成鱼16 t,平均规格达到357.4 g/尾,成活率为90%,获取了良好的经济效益,为金鳟的高密度养殖探讨了一条新路。     

金鳟主要疾病防冶

随着冷水性鱼类养殖水平的提高和市场的需求，对除虹鳟以外的其它冷水性鱼类新品种的养殖需求与日俱增，金鳟作为一个冷水性鱼类养殖的新品种，不仅在鱼类育种方面具有重要的应用，而且在养殖生产方面也有很高的经济价值。金鳟(Oncorhycbus mykiss)为虹鳟的变种，     

金鳟的生态习性及其常见病害防治技术

金鳟是新型的淡水冷水性养殖品种 ,具有极高的食用与观赏价值 ,了解并掌握金鳟的生态习性与常见养殖病害防治技术 ,将对开展其大规模养殖起到重要作用     

地下井水集约化养殖金鳟试验

金鳟是日本从虹鳟的突变种选育出的金黄色品系,1996年引进我国后根据其体色特征命名为"金鳟"。金鳟属冷水性鱼类,正常生长上限水温为22℃,现已成为我国养鳟业继虹鳟后的第2个重要养殖品种。2006年,在青岛市城阳区上马街道进行了养殖试验,现将试验情况总结如下:     

金鳟—人工繁殖技术

金鳟（Oncorhynchusmykiss）是日本长野县水产试验场从虹鳟突变种选育出的黄体色品系。１９９６年引进我国后，分别在黑龙江水产研究所和北京顺通虹鳟鱼养殖中心进行试验养殖，初步确立了全人工养殖技术，经两年的试验推广现已成为我国重要的养殖品种。为促进金鳟的推广普及，现将金鳟人工繁殖技术综述如下：一、亲鱼培育１．培育池水泥池或沙泥底质土池，每口培育池面积以１５０～３００米２为宜，水深７０～９０厘米。２．培育水温适宜水温４～１６℃，产卵前３个月不超过１３℃，产卵期４～１３℃。３．亲鱼的选择从１龄鱼开始进行亲鱼…     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.