饲料中DHA与EPA水平对幼蟹生长和饲料利用率的影响

以初始体重为 ( 1 .37± 0 .46)g的幼蟹为实验对象 ,在室内水族箱中进行为期 60d的生长实验。以鱼油 /豆油 ( 2∶1 ,W/W)为脂肪源 ,以不同DHA与EPA的水平 ,配制成饲料脂肪含量为 8%的 3种等氮、等能饲料 ,用于研究饲料中DHA与EPA水平对幼蟹生长及饲料利用率的影响。DHA与EPA为美国阿拉斯加生产的浓缩深海鱼油 ,每克深海鱼油含EPA为 1 80mg ,DHA为 1 2 0mg。实验结果表明 ,在饲料中添加 0 .30 %的DHA与EPA时 ,实验组幼蟹的增重率和对饲料的利用率明显优于其它组     

水体和配合饲料中钙、磷含量对河蟹生长的影响

水体和配合饲料中钙、磷含量对河蟹生长的影响陈立侨，堵南山，赖伟（上海华东师范大学生物系，上海２０００６２）河蟹一生需经多次蜕壳而不断增长。有研究表明河蟹的顺利蜕壳与其体内和壳中钙、磷积累的数量有关，但尚无有关河蟹对配合饲料和养殖水体中钙、磷需求量的详...     

饲料中胆固醇的添加量及蛋白含量对蟹种生长及性早熟的影响

饲料中添加０．５％－１．５％的胆固醇,河蟹蟹种明显优于不添加组和高含量组,组间差异显著,性早熟比与生长产生基本相同的规律,以植物蛋白源配制的各组饲料,３０％蛋白组河蟹生长显示出较优的水平,性早熟比组间无显著差异。     

中子照射刺激幼蟹生长

80年代，国内外科技人员除利用低剂量电离辐射处理农业作物和蔬菜种子以及鱼、家禽外，还利用低剂量中子照射鱼、对虾卵和扇贝，提高其孵化率和成活率，从此，中子辐射刺激生长技术在水产中得到了应用。但过去的研究中注重鲢、鳙、鲤、草、鲶鱼常规养殖水产品的应用研究，对特种水产养殖方面低剂量辐射刺激生长的研究较少，主要是对虾和青虾。根据江苏省农业科学院原子能研究所罗克勇等人分别对鲢、鲤、鲶、鳗等淡水鱼和对虾、青虾利用低剂量中子辐射刺激生长技术研究的结果表明，在不改变原来养殖条件的情况下，鱼卵孵化率可提高 13. 1％…     

饲料蛋白质水平对俄罗斯鲟幼鲟生长的影响

设计 5种不同粗蛋白质水平的饲料 ,分别投喂平均体重约为 4 2 9g的俄罗斯鲟幼鲟 ,试验时间 4 0天。结果表明 ,幼鲟对饲料中粗蛋白质的最适需要量为 4 2 %。当饲料粗蛋白质水平低于 4 2 %时 ,随着饲料中粗蛋白质水平的增加 ,幼鲟的生长速度和饲料转换率都显著增加。当饲料中粗蛋白质水平达到和超过 4 2 %时 ,随着饲料粗蛋白质水平的增加 ,幼鲟的生长速度和饲料转换率没有明显变化。     

池养幼蟹成活率,生长及雌蟹性成熟特征

报导了４口池塘试养幼蟹的结果。各池雌蟹与雄蟹的甲宽无显著差异（ｐ＞００５）,放养密度及饵料对生长和存活率有一定影响,成熟雌蟹与未成熟雌蟹腹部形态特征有明显区别。     

饲料中适宜的动植物蛋白比与河蟹蟹种生长及性早熟的相关

配制总蛋白量为３５％,以进口鱼粉作动物蛋白源,豆粕为植物蛋白源,添加少量菜粕,棉仁粕及必需的复合维生素,无机混合盐组成不同动,植物蛋白比的饲料,采用体重１．４３－１．４８ｇ的仔蟹,饲养１１９ｄ。结果表明,配合饲料中动物蛋白占饲料中总蛋白的３０％,动,植物蛋白比为１;２．３,幼蟹的生长处于最优水平,组间差异显著,且性早熟比例明显低于动物蛋白含量高的饲料。因而认为河蟹蟹种阶段不宜投喂动物蛋白含量过高的     

饲料脂肪水平对鳜鱼生长的影响研究

通过添加混合油 (豆油∶鱼油为 2∶1 )配制 5种不同脂肪含量的饲料 ,以测定脂肪水平对鳜鱼 (平均体重 61 g)生长的影响。混合油添加量为 0～ 8% ,饲料脂肪含量为 4～ 1 2 % ,蛋白质含量为 44 0 %。结果显示 ,饲料脂肪水平对鳜鱼生长和蛋白质效率有显著影响 :饲料脂肪水平在 7%～ 1 2 %时 ,鳜鱼特殊生长率和蛋白质效率高。说明适当增加饲料脂肪含量能够促进鳜鱼生长 ,并提高饲料效率     

长吻Gui的营养和饲料研究Ⅲ密度对摄食、生长及饲料转化率的影响

在室内流水条件下研究了不同密度（20、40、60、80尾／1．5m3）讨长吻■幼鱼摄食、生长及饲料转化率的影响。结果表明，养殖密度对长吻■幼鱼的摄食强度虽有一定影响,但不明显。日摄食率3．86％－4．52％；密度愈大，幼鱼的生长、饲料及蛋白质转化率的下降趋势愈明显。中高密度条件下，长吻■幼鱼摄食强度、生长率及饲料转化率相近。     

饲料蛋白质水平对马苏大麻哈鱼幼鱼生长指标和饲料系数的影响

为了解在水温7.4～11.3℃的流水池养殖条件下马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou masou)幼鱼饲料中不同蛋白质水平对其生长指标和饲料利用效率的影响,设计了5组蛋白质水平为40.40％、44.84％、50.16％、54.82％和59.03％的养殖试验,养殖期为150d.试验过程中进行了水质化学指标的...     

不同饲料蛋白水平对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼生长的影响

用4种不同蛋白水平(26%、30%、34%和36%)的等能半精制的浮性颗粒试验配合饲料,对平均初始体重为(25.0±1.5)g的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼进行了为期87d的培育试验,研究了中华倒刺鲃对饲料中蛋白质的需求量。结果显示,中华倒刺鲃的体重增重以30%蛋白组最高,其次是34%、36%蛋白组,最后是26%蛋白组;饵料系数以30%蛋白组最低,其次是34%、36%蛋白组,最后是26%蛋白组;绝对增重率以30%蛋白组最高,其次是34%、36%蛋白组,最后是26%蛋白组;特定生长率以30%蛋白组最快,其次是34%、36%蛋白组,最后是26%蛋白组;试验各蛋白组成活率均为100%;各试验组间的终体重、绝对增重率、特定生长率和饵料系数均达到显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明中华倒刺鲃饲料中蛋白水平以30%比较合适。     

Effect of dietary cholesterol levels on growth performance,body composition and gene expression of juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cholesterol (CHOL) levels on growth performance, body composition and gene expression of juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% CHOL supplemented, and the final dietary CHOL concentrations were 0.72%, 1.11%, 1.49% and 1.83% respectively. Each dietary treatment was performed with three replicates (28 crabs per replicate, initial body weight 0.04 g). At the termination of the experiment, although the survival had no statistic difference in all treatments, the mud crabs fed the lowest CHOL diet had the lowest survival rate. The weight gain (WG) of mud crab significantly increased with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly decreased with dietary CHOL level further increased. The total‐cholesterol (T‐CHOL) content in whole body had an increasing trend with the dietary CHOL level increased. Besides, dietary CHOL supplement generally increased the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the mud crabs fed diets CHOL1.11 and CHOL1.49 showed significantly higher value than those fed other diets. The hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased slightly with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly increased with CHOL level further increased. The mRNA expression of ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene in the eyestalk obviously increased with dietary CHOL level up to 1.11% and then significantly decreased with dietary CHOL further increased. These results suggested that about 1.11% dietary CHOL seem fulfil to maintain good growth performance and healthy condition for juvenile S. paramamosain.     

一龄蟹种的健康培育技术

河蟹养殖要获取良好的经济效益 ,蟹种、水质、管理是不可或缺的重要因素 ,而优质的蟹种又是成功的基础。如何培育优质、健壮的蟹种是摆在我们面前的一项重要课题。笔者通过近年来对一龄蟹种进行培育研究试验 ,取得了一些健康培育的技术经验 ,现将技术要点总结如下 :1　培育塘口的准备 :培育一龄蟹种的塘口 ,要求进排水方便、面积在 1— 2亩左右 ,长方形 ,河蟹大眼幼体进塘前要对塘口进行严格的修整 ,并用药物进行彻底的清塘 ,杀灭各种敌害 ,做好围栏防逃设施 ,防止敌害的进入 ;同时在培育池内培植一部分水草 ,如苦草、水花生等 ,水草面积占…     

饲料不同钙磷比对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能、矿物质沉积和能量代谢的影响

为研究饲料中不同钙磷比对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能、血清生化、矿物质沉积和能量代谢的影响,配制5种等氮等脂(46%粗蛋白和7%粗脂肪)钙磷比分别为1.00∶2.00、1.00∶1.50、1.00∶1.00、1.00∶0.75和1.00∶0.50的实验饲料。选择初始体质量为(12.82±0.37) g的梭子蟹150只,随机分成5组(每组3个重复,每个重复10只),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,钙磷比为1.00∶1.00和1.00∶0.75的饲料,其特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)显著高于其他组。钙磷比为1.00∶0.50饲料组幼蟹血淋巴的谷草转氨酶(GOT)显著高于其他组,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随着饲料钙磷比的增加呈上升的趋势。幼蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和甲壳中的磷含量随着钙磷比的升高呈下降的趋势,且钙磷比1.00∶2.00组幼蟹磷含量显著高于1.00∶0.50组。钙磷比1.00∶1.50和1.00∶1.00组幼蟹肝胰腺ATP含量显著高于其他饲料组。幼蟹肝胰腺己糖激酶(HK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活性随饲料钙磷比的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势,当钙磷比为1时,梭子蟹肝胰腺的HK和SDH酶活性最高。此外,钙磷比1.00∶1.00组显著上调了梭子蟹肝胰腺电子传递链相关基因(nd1、sdhc、cytb和coxⅡ)的表达水平,当钙磷比为1.00∶0.75时,显著上调了幼蟹肝胰腺线粒体能量代谢相关基因(ATPase6、sirt3和nrf1)的表达量。研究表明,本实验条件下,以增重率为评价指标,通过回归模型得到梭子蟹最适钙磷比为1.06～1.26,在此范围内能促进三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长、维持组织的最适磷沉积以及很好地促进能量的产生。     

盐度对三疣梭子蟹生长、蜕壳及能量利用的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了盐度(15,20,25,30,35)对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹生长、蜕壳和能量利用的影响,探讨了三疣梭子蟹生长的最适盐度、蜕壳与生长的关系以及不同盐度水平下蟹的蜕壳同步性。实验时间为50 d,结果显示:1、盐度显著影响三疣梭子蟹的摄食、生长和能量利用。盐度20、25和30组,三疣梭子蟹的日摄食率(FId)较小,但其食物转化效率(FCEd)较高,其中盐度30组蟹的食物转化效率显著高于盐度15和35组(P<0.05),与盐度20和25组差异不显著(P>0.05)。盐度20、25和30组的能量吸收效率(K1)和净生长效率(K2)显著高于盐度15和35组。实验结束时,盐度30组三疣梭子蟹获得了较高的湿重、相对增重率和特定生长率,且显著高于盐度15和35组(P<0.05),而与盐度20和25组间的差异不明显(P<0.05)。回归分析表明,当水体盐度为26.3时,三疣梭子蟹特定生长率(SGRd)最大。2、不同盐度下,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹从Ⅶ期生长到Ⅹ期的蜕壳周期为18.9~23.5 d,各盐度组间的差异不明显(P>0.05),但盐度30组三疣梭子蟹蜕壳周期较其他盐度组缩短了3.1~4.6d。低盐(15)下,三疣梭子蟹出现MDS(蜕壳未遂)死亡,蜕壳受到抑制;而高盐(35)则抑制三疣梭子蟹新壳的硬化,盐度20和25组三疣梭子蟹的蜕壳同步性较好。实验结果初步表明,养殖生产中水体盐度控制在25左右有利于三疣梭子蟹的蜕壳同步及生长。     

饥饿对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响#br#

为了给拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)苗种培育过程中饵料的合理投喂提供基础理论数据,采用投喂-饥饿和饥饿-投喂的处理方式对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹分别开展营养储存饱和点实验(PRS)和不可恢复点实验(PNR),研究饥饿对大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响。结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS实验中,投喂时间≤2 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率为0;投喂时间≥4 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率和发育时间与连续投喂组(F组)无显著性差异;但投喂4 d-饥饿组(F4S组)大眼幼体蜕皮后Ⅰ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05)。大眼幼体的PNR实验中,饥饿2 d时大眼幼体的存活率仅为(30.00±13.23)%。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS实验中,连续饥饿组(S组)Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率为0,而投喂2 d-饥饿组(F2S组)、投喂3 d-饥饿组(F3S组)和F组3组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率均无显著性差异。投喂1 d-饥饿组(F1S组)和F2S组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05),且F1S组Ⅰ期仔蟹的发育时间显著延长(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PNR实验中,除饥饿1 d-投喂组(S1F组)外,F组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);各组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率与饥饿时间呈负相关,而发育时间却与饥饿时间呈正相关;饥饿时间≥2 d时,Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的个体大小明显变小。拟合分析结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS;值是3.57 d,Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS;和PNR;值分别是0.90 d和2.01 d。研究结果表明,新蜕皮的大眼幼体必须给予充足的饵料才可确保高的存活率,大眼幼体投喂6 d后可以适当减少投喂量,短期饥饿对Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕壳和生长的影响相对较小,Ⅰ期仔蟹的耐饥饿能力强于大眼幼体。     

Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid profile and enzymatic activity of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The main objective of this investigation was to study the lipid requirements of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) based on growth performance, survival, moulting and fatty acid profile. Four test diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (3.63%, 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91%). Each diet was fed to 4 replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate initial weight (8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 13.91% lipid had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid, but no significant (p > 0.05) improvement of survival was observed when dietary lipid increase from 6.70% to 13.91%. Crabs fed diets with 10.72% and 13.91% lipid had significant higher weight gain(WG) than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid. While crabs fed with diets containing 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91% lipid showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain(WG). Moreover, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among other groups. The content of LC‐PUFA and DHA in the crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid was significant (p < 0.05) lower compared to other groups. But there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in EPA and ARA content among all groups. The activity of lipase increased as dietary lipid level increased (from 6.70% to 10.72%). However, beyond 10.72%, a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in lipase activity was observed. The regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that crab fed diet containing 10.47% lipid level is considered as optimum lipid level for its maximum growth and moulting process.     

盐度对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹标准代谢的影响

对均重(0.12±0.01)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)仔蟹在6个盐度(0、4、8、12、16、20)梯度下的标准代谢进行研究。各梯度的水温为(24±0.5)℃、溶解氧为(8.12±0.23)g/m L、p H为7.5±0.18。在不同时间段测量各盐度梯度代谢瓶内溶氧量、CO_2含量及NH_3-N含量,将时间与耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率进行回归分析。研究结果表明,根据仔蟹行为及代谢瓶内氧气含量与时间(h)的回归分析将仔蟹行为可分3个阶段:自由运动阶段[DO2.33 mg/L]、生存阶段[0.33 mg/LDO2.33 mg/L]及窒息阶段[DO0.33 mg/L]。在自由运动阶段和生存阶段,盐度对仔蟹耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率影响显著(P0.05);在窒息阶段,盐度对仔蟹的耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率影响不显著(P0.05)。研究结果还表明中华绒螯蟹仔蟹在高溶氧环境的主要供能物质为脂肪;低溶氧环境的主要供能物质为脂肪和碳水化合物;蛋白质在能量供给中的比例随溶氧增加而逐渐增加。     

Effect of dietary protein:energy ratio on intake, growth and metabolism of juvenile green abalone Haliotis fulgens

Juvenile green abalone Haliotis rufescens were grown under laboratory conditions at 21±1 °C and fed formulated diets consisting of different protein:energy ratios (mg protein/kcal), 62, 74, 85, 100, 108, for 60 days. The level of crude protein ranged from approximately 26% to 44% while the energy content remained constant at about 4.1 kcal g⁻¹. Growth ranged from 3.63 to 12.33 mg day⁻¹. The growth of abalone fed the 100 and 108 diets was significantly greater than that of each of the other diets. Protein efficiency ratio increased as the dietary protein content increased except for the T108 diet (44% crude protein). Abalone apparently consume food to satisfy an energy requirement. Caloric expenditure due to metabolism was estimated for abalone fed diets with protein ratios of 62, 85, 100. Energy loss due to respiration did not vary appreciably among abalone fed the different diets. The proportional distribution of dietary energy into fecal, digestible, growth, and metabolic energy was estimated for abalone fed these diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility was among the lowest for abalone fed the 100 P:E diet, but growth of abalone fed this diet was significantly higher than that of each of the other treatments except the 108 diet. Unexplained energy loss to achieve balance ranged from 7% to 28.5%, some of which is probably due to differential mucus and ammonia production. Results suggest a potential for the reduction of both dietary protein and lipid without causing any adverse effects on the growth response.