培养条件对底栖硅藻生长的影响

对底栖硅藻的培养条件和营养要求进行了探讨，并对在不同培养条件和营养条件下底栖硅藻表现出的生理生长反应进行了研究分析，用于指导海参、鲍鱼、海胆等底栖海珍品养殖中，底栖硅藻的培养与生产。     

单细胞藻类饲养青蛤稚贝的研究

本试验以几种单细胞藻类为饵料,研究青蛤稚贝的生长和成活率。经21天饲养证明,小球藻、扁藻、三角褐指藻、底栖硅藻都是青蛤稚贝的适宜饵料,其成活率均达90％以上,其中又以投喂底栖硅藻生长最快。     

菲律宾蛤仔稚贝食料和食性的研究

本文叙述了在室内控制条件下，摄食底栖硅藻和几种浮游单细胞藻的菲律宾蛤仔稚贝的生长速度和存活率。结果表明，稚贝不论是摄食底栖硅藻还是摄食浮游单细胞藻都能正常生长，只是摄食不同种类的饵料生长速度不同而已，其中以摄食底栖硅藻和角毛藻、湛江叉鞭藻和角毛藻的混合投喂效果最佳。稚贝摄食这些饵料，不但生长快(分别为33．7微米／日和29．2微米／日)，而且存活率高(80％左右)。除要注意选择适宜的饵料种类外，饵料的投放密度也不可勿视。在稚贝的培养中，所投饵料的适宜密度应控制在2．5—5万个，毫升(混合饵料各一半)。本文还论述了底栖硅藻和冷冻扁藻混合投喂也能获得较满意结果，但比上述最佳的混合饵料的效果差。     

不同单胞藻饵料培养九孔鲍早期稚贝的研究

以单种培养的6种底栖硅藻和具有底栖习性的亚心形扁藻(Platymoras sp.)为饵料,培养九孔鲍(Haliotis diversi-color supertexta)受精后12 d的早期稚贝并观察其生长和存活,培养期为28 d,目的是筛选能维持早期稚贝高存活率和生长率的藻种。实验结果表明,培养稚贝成活率最高的3个藻种由大到小依次是爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var.)、流水双眉藻(Amphora fluninensis)和亚历山大菱形藻(Nitzschia alexandrina),使稚贝生长最快的3个藻种由大到小依次是流水双眉藻、爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种和亚历山大菱形藻。研究结果揭示了适宜的底栖硅藻种类对鲍早期稚贝阶段生长和存活的重要性。个体小或者胞外产物量大的藻类很可能对九孔鲍早期稚贝的培养是有利的。     

底栖硅藻大面积培养技术

底栖硅藻是从鲍上足分化匍匐幼体附着变态到长至壳长达3-5mm的稚鲍所必需的饵料。底栖硅藻质量的优劣，直接影响到鲍苗培育的成活率。因此培养足量的优质底栖硅藻是鲍人工育苗生产中最为重要的环节。本文重点围绕高密度、优质底栖硅藻规模化培养技术进行探讨，总结了一套底栖硅藻大面积培养技术，     

浅谈单细胞藻类的培养及在海水育苗中的不同效果

1种类搭配在育苗生产中,幼体成长的好坏与饵料的营养直接相关。而多种饵料混合投喂是解决营养全面的最佳途径。如鲍的人工育苗中,在提供适量的底栖硅藻的同时,投喂含大量蛋白质的人工合成饵料以促进生长,而人工合成饵料中的相当一部分就是单胞藻,如螺旋藻、海泥中的底栖硅藻等；海参育苗已见的最佳投饵方法就是角毛藻、盐藻混和投喂,尽管使用其一甚至小新月菱形藻也能出苗,但受营养及培养条件(主要是施肥量)的影响,     

3种植物生长激素对2种底栖硅藻生长速率的影响

采用原位光密度法探讨三十烷醇（TA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）对咖啡形双眉藻（Amphora coffeaeformis)和灰状舟形藻（Navichla corymbosa)生长速率的影响。单因子试验结果表明，3种植物生长激素对2种底栖硅藻生长速率均有显著的促进作用（P＜0．05）。其中IAA和GA3对2种底栖硅藻的最佳质量浓度均为0．5mg/L，TA对咖啡形双眉藻的最佳质量浓度为1．0mg/L，对灰状舟形藻的最佳质量浓度为0．1mg/L，正交多因子试验结果表明，培养2种底栖硅藻的TA、IAA和GA3最佳质量浓度（mg/L），配比分别为：咖啡形双眉藻0．5：0．5：0．5；盔状舟形藻0．1：0．05：1．0。     

硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响

硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响日本水产大学大贝政治、广岛县水试若野真、兵库县水试长井敏研究表明，皱纹盘鲍幼体从浮游转着底时，因附着板上硅藻优势种不同，而出现着底数差别很大，且其后生长也有很大差异。附着硅藻为单一培养的卵形藻、聚生舟形藻、新月菱形藻。对照...     

固定化培养底栖硅藻研究

海产底栖硅藻是匍匐型贝类鲍、蝾螺和埋栖型贝类缢蛏、泥蚶以及底栖动物海参、海胆等名贵水产动物苗种的重要饵料。在鲍鱼育苗中,体长5mm以下的稚鲍以及海参育苗中,体长2mm以下的稚参都以底栖硅藻为主要饵料。底栖硅藻培养的成败与否,直接影响到这些水产动物的苗种生产的成败。在底栖硅藻的大量培养中,光照、温度、盐度、酸碱度等环境因素和N、P、Fe、Si等营养元素及许多植物激素都能影响底栖硅藻的生长。而且底栖硅藻营底栖生活,不像浮游微藻那样能立体地利用水体,不像浮游微藻那样在悬浮状态可以高效率利用营养物质,他们的生长受到了营…     

固定化菱形藻（Nitzschia sp.）的生长及营养成分变化

选用底栖硅藻菱形藻(Nitzschiasp.)为实验对象,分别研究了CaCl2浓度、胶珠直径、接种密度及胶珠密度对其生长的影响及后两因素对其主要营养成分含量变化的影响。结果表明:(1)随培养时间的延长,CaCl2浓度对菱形藻生长有极显著影响,在2%CaCl2溶液中形成的胶珠里菱形藻比生长速率最高;(2)胶珠直径对菱形藻在初期和指数期的生长影响显著,且较小直径(2.5～3.0mm)的胶珠较适宜菱形藻生长;(3)随接种密度和胶珠密度的提高,菱形藻的比生长速率都有先增高后下降的变化趋势,接种密度较高(2.50×104～5.50×104mL-1)时,固定化组的比生长速率是对照组的2倍左右。胶珠密度为220粒/(100mL培养液)左右较适宜(胶珠直径3.0mm);(4)初始接种密度和胶珠密度试验中,蛋白质、总糖及粗脂肪的含量固定化组低于或相当于对照组,而叶绿素的含量固定化组高于对照组。     

简单双眉藻培养的生态条件

采用单因子的方法,研究了生态因子温度、光照、盐度及pH对简单双眉藻生长的影响。结果表明,简单双眉藻生长的最适温度28~31℃,最适光照度4200~5200 lx,最适盐度15~20,最适pH 8~9。简单双眉藻是一种广温、广盐和对光照变化适应较强的底栖硅藻。     

Effects of diet and temperature on post‐settlement growth and survival of the short‐spined sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Effects of diet and temperature on post‐settlement growth and survival of a sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, which fed on one of six mono‐cultured benthic diatoms, gametophytes of a brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, a green alga Ulvella lens plus mixed benthic diatoms, or no food at 6, 9, 12 and 15°C, were examined. Digestion efficiency (DE), ingestion rate (IR), excretion rate (ER) and digested cell content index (DCCI) of each diatom species were measured. Growth rates largely differed among the dietary treatments from 7 days post‐settlement. Sea urchins fed on a diatom Cocconeis sublittoralis showed considerably higher growth (7.85‐34.67 μm day^?1) than those fed on the other diets and high survival rates (100%). DCCI was also highest in C. sublittoralis. These results suggest that the quantity of diatom cell contents digested is an important factor affecting growth and survival of the sea urchins. Growth rates of sea urchins were higher in higher water temperatures, and significant differences in growth rate were observed between 6‐9 and 12‐15°C. ERs of C. sublittoralis were generally higher at higher temperatures, but DEs did not differ among the temperature treatments. Variations in growth rate among different water temperature appear to be caused by different food intakes of the urchins.     

Viability of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica grown free and immobilized in alginate beads

The growth responses of free and immobolized cultures of the marine alga Tetraselmis suecica (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) were compared. Algal cells were immobilized in 2% calcium alginate solution; both entrapped and free cultures were maintained in synthetic sea water at 19 salinity and 14°C constant temperature. Algal growth was evaluated by cell abundance, growth constant (K) and generation time (gt), calculated from data obtained during the exponential phase. The biomass of T. suecica, in terms of chlorophyll a content, was also determined. Cell abundance of both immobilized and free cultures was quite similar. Analysis of the T. suecica life cycle showed the higher viability of the alga after immobilization in calcium aginate gel. In addition, the mean chlorophyll a content of the immobilized cells was higher in comparison to free cells. The growth rate of the entrapped cells, on the other hand, was lower. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

Cold Storage of Six Marine Benthic Diatoms Native to the Mexico Pacific Coast

Cultures of six benthic diatoms were maintained in the dark to measure their viability and biochemical composition after 8 wk of storage at low temperature (4 C) in darkness by refrigeration. Cell density, growth rate, and viability for each benthic diatom changed significantly after storage. Significant differences were observed with regard to cell size (length and width) of Nitzschia laevis, Navicula sp., and Amphora tenerrima as a result of storage. In general, the proximal composition of the benthic diatom cultures changed after week 1 of storage and decreased after week 4 of storage for all the diatoms. These results demonstrate that under 1–4 wk of storage these diatoms maintain their viability and had changes in their proximal composition in species‐specific responses. Storage of preserved live microalgae cells is an alternative technique that can be used to reduce the need for continuous maintenance of live cultures and can provide live feed stock for aquaculture applications.     

海水养殖水体硅藻的多样性与作用

硅藻是海水养殖水体浮游植物和底栖藻类中的最主要类群,也是鱼类、贝类和虾类的重要饵料生物,在养殖水体的物质循环和能量流动中起着极其重要的生态作用。本文对海水养殖水体硅藻的种类多样性、微型硅藻的分布与作用、硅藻的分类研究、硅藻的营养价值与饵料作用等进行了综述,为丰富硅藻的分类学和多样性研究、优化养殖环境、提高养殖动物生产力等提供参考资料。     

中街山列岛保护区底栖海藻分布与资源特征

2008年7月至2010年9月对舟山中街山列岛的底栖海藻资源进行了调查研究,共鉴定底栖海藻4门54属78种。其中蓝藻门1属1种,绿藻门9属15种,红藻门32属47种,褐藻门12属15种。本地区新记录5种。中街山列岛底栖海藻以暖温带性的海藻为主,垂直分布规律表现为底栖海藻种数从高潮带向低潮带剧增。与史料相比,中街山列岛底栖海藻资源有较大幅度的减少。     

莱州湾扇贝养殖区浮游藻类的生态特征

2015年4—11月对莱州湾扇贝养殖区的5个海域进行了8个航次的生态学调查,分析了浮游藻类的群落组成、密度、Shannon-Winner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和McNaughton优势度指数。调查结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游藻类7门73种,其中硅藻最多,共43种,占藻类种数的58.90%。藻类密度为0.76×104~70.12×104个/L,最高密度在6月,最低在11月。藻类多样性较好,发生赤潮的概率较小。