成鱼养殖期间纯用药饵防治鱼病技术

成鱼养殖期间纯用药饵防治鱼病技术药饵防治鱼病，具有应用方便、探作简单、节约药量、提高疗效、减轻水质污染、保护资源等优点，已广泛用于生产之中，笔省为了充实提高该项技术，选择本币艾渠水产一场全部成鱼池计１０１．５亩，采用“养殖期间纯用药饵防治鱼病技术”，...     

TDP辐射在鱼病综合防治上的应用

1990—1992年我们重点选择条件较好的永太镇渔场、继光水库渔场、通济水库渔场和响滩子水库渔场,将TDP辐射技术应用在鱼病综合防治上,明显地增强了鱼类的抗病能力. 1 应用TDP辐射技术的主要措施三年来我们在鱼病综合防治中应用辐射技术釆     

罗非鱼暴发性鱼病及防治

罗非鱼暴发性鱼病及防治海南木鱼水库１９８９年在省水产技术推广站指导下获得了网箱养殖罗非鱼试验成功，其后三年生产规模不断扩大、经济效益显著，推动着岛内淡水网箱养鱼的兴起。可近年，屡屡发生大规模的暴发性鱼病，尤其是去年六、七月间相当一部分箱所剩鱼不足投苗...     

生态防治鱼病的初步研究

随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展，今后水产养殖病害防治技术研究的任务是繁重而紧迫的，探讨建立一条适合我国国情的生态防治和药物防治相结合的鱼病防治技术路线十分必要。本文作者结合自己的实践和对有关资料的归纳分析，就鱼病生态防治的历史，途径、方法等从理论和实践上进行了初步研究。     

“93”高效灭菌灵、B型渔家欢防治鱼病试验

“９３”高效灭菌灵、Ｂ型渔家欢防治鱼病试验王茂林，雷晓中，易羽中（湖北省水产技术推广中心）随着精养高产技术的普遍推广应用，鱼病的发生率也在不断上升。江陵县漂白粉厂作为我省第一家专业性渔用药厂，为解决渔业高速发展中的这一突出问题，作了大量工作。１９９３...     

网箱养殖罗非鱼暴发性鱼病及防治技术

网箱养殖罗非鱼暴发性鱼病及防治技术刘永进，方开吉，刘志圣，田淑丽（山东省泰安市水利水产局２７１０００）随着近几年网箱养殖罗非鱼的发展，罗非鱼的性状退化、抗病能力下降逐渐暴露出来，１９９４年７月３日至２５日，新泰市东周水库和光明水库网箱养殖罗非鱼出现暴...     

草鱼免疫防病的几个问题

近年来，在养鱼生产上，推广应用免疫技术，预防草鱼传染性鱼病的工作，有了较快的进展，并取得了一定成绩。据省水产局统计，去年全省有三十七个县市的渔场和部分社队，应用了这项技术，普遍反映效果良好。经过免疫注射的草鱼，成活率达85％以上，比在同等条件下饲养，而没有注射疫苗的草鱼，成活率提高35％左右。因此，草鱼的免疫防病技术，     

大菱鲆疾病的研究进展

本文介绍了大菱鲆的疾病种类、诊断技术及流行病学，同时提出了防病治病对策。     

海洋生物技术在水产养殖中的应用

水产养殖是我国农业经济的重要支柱产业之一，海洋生物技术为我国渔业生产提供了前所未有的拓展空间和发展机遇，本文综述了近期来海洋生物技术在水产养殖中的应用，重点对转基因技术，染色体操作，水产动物性别控制，藻类育种工程，鱼病的早期诊断与防治以及海洋自然产物与药物的开发进行了评述，并对海洋生物技术在不产养殖中的应用前景进行了展望。     

鱼类病理学研究进展

本综述了近年来国内外对鱼类病理学的研究的新进展，主要包括在寄生虫性鱼病、细菌性鱼病、病毒性鱼病等方面的研究进展，并探讨了我国鱼类病理学当前需要解决的问题，以期为我国的鱼类病理学的研究起促进作用。     

观赏鱼类疾病及其诊断方法

观赏鱼因经长期驯化变种而来比较娇贵,且所处环境也相对稳定,一旦管理不善很容易引起疾病。本文主要讨论了观赏鱼饲养过程中常见疾病的种类、发病原因、诊断方法等,重点介绍了:免疫学诊断技术、核酸诊断技术、核酸技术与免疫学相结合的方法。免疫学诊断技术包括单克隆抗体技术、荧光抗体技术等。核酸诊断技术包括核酸杂交技术、PCR(聚合酶链式反应)技术、16S rRNA检测技术。核酸技术与免疫学相结合的方法有PCR-ELISA法等。     

铁岭市主要养殖区鱼病调查与分析

2007年5月至2009年9月,通过对铁岭市辖区的开原市、铁岭县、昌图县淡水鱼类主要养殖区的池塘和小型水库鱼类常见鱼病种类、发病季节、流行情况及危害程度进行调查与分析,初步摸清了近三年鱼病的种类、流行、发病特点.共发现鱼病12种:其中细菌性鱼病6种、寄生虫病5种、真菌类鱼病1种,其中细菌性鱼病和寄生虫性鱼病是主要水产养...     

鱼类标志技术的研究进展

鱼类标志技术已在鱼类种群密度、死亡与补充、生长和生产力等研究中广泛应用，并已成为鱼类种群估算、资源评估、以及洄游与分布调查的重要手段。本文对近年来国内外在鱼类标志技术方面已取得的进展及未来的发展方向进行综述与讨论，并对各种标志技术的应用效果进行了总结，以期为我国鱼类标志技术的应用与研究起到促进作用。     

鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展

Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review.     

高白鲑养殖、繁殖技术的研究总结报告

高白鲑系鲑科白鲑属鱼类,原产苏联,我国引进后进行人工孵化、仔鱼饲育、鱼种培育、亲鱼饲养、人工产卵、孵化、获得了仔代.本文详细介绍了仔鱼饲育条件、技术,成活率达71.15%～85.64%.鱼种培育采用常规方法,但易患鱼病,影响成活率.亲鱼培育采用流水集约化养殖于11月下旬达性成熟进行人工繁殖,本文介绍了人工采卵,授精、脱粘、洗卵及人工孵化技术.     

Nutrition and health of aquaculture fish

Under intensive culture conditions, fish are subject to increased stress owing to environmental (water quality and hypoxia) and health conditions (parasites and infectious diseases). All these factors have negative impacts on fish well-being and overall performance, with consequent economic losses. Though good management practices contribute to reduce stressor effects, stress susceptibility is always high under crowded conditions. Adequate nutrition is essential to avoid deficiency signs, maintain adequate animal performance and sustain normal health. Further, it is becoming evident that diets overfortified with specific nutrients [amino acids, essential fatty acids (FAs), vitamins or minerals] at levels above requirement may improve health condition and disease resistance. Diet supplements are also being evaluated for their antioxidant potential, as fish are potentially at risk of peroxidative attack because of the large quantities of highly unsaturated FAs in both fish tissues and diets. Functional constituents other than essential nutrients (such as probiotics, prebiotics and immunostimulants) are also currently being considered in fish nutrition aiming to improve fish growth and/or feed efficiency, health status, stress tolerance and resistance to diseases. Such products are becoming more and more important for reducing antibiotic utilization in aquafarms, as these have environmental impacts, may accumulate in animal tissues and increase bacterial resistance. This study reviews knowledge of the effect of diet nutrients on health, welfare and improvement of disease resistance in fish.     

鱼类恩诺沙星药残消除研究进展

恩诺沙星（enrofloxacin, ENR）是一种吸收分布快、血药浓度高、药效持久和生物利用度高的抗菌素,在鱼类疾病防治中广泛应用。然而,近年来,鱼类与养殖环境ENR药残事件对人类与生态的安全影响,已成为公众日益关注的焦点。本文在归纳鱼类ENR消除研究基础上,从ENR自身结构与性质,ENR与鱼类种类、发育阶段、组织差异、生理与病理状况、给药剂量与给药方式,以及温度、盐度、光照等环境因子关系,对鱼类ENR药残成因进行追溯分析。首次分析发现并提出底栖鱼类较其他水层鱼类易于形成ENR药残蓄积的假说,其可能与沉积环境有机质丰富,易于吸附ENR,底层黑暗环境无法光解ENR,底层鱼类从沉积环境吸收、富集ENR有关,建议对底层鱼类ENR休药期重新研究界定,对其ENR药残机制进行着重研究。首次提出基于选择突变窗理论的ENR大剂量给药模式,是引发当前鱼类与环境ENR药残主要根源。据此,提出基于ENR最小抑菌浓度的ENR减量给药方案,联合具有抗菌和促解毒功能的传统中草药,以达到ENR减量增效,降低ENR耐药性,促进ENR药残从养殖鱼体消除,缩短鱼类ENR休药期,降低养殖环境ENR药残的目的。同时,为减少鱼类ENR的环境来源,应结合进行环境ENR消除技术研究。本文可为养殖鱼类ENR科学用药与药残风险控制提供研究思路。     

Bacteriocins and their applications for the treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture: a review

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world. The increase in the world population requires faster growth in aquaculture for better food availability and to overcome malnutrition. But this worldwide growth of aquaculture is overwhelmed by catastrophic fish diseases and spoilage during cultivation and preservation problems caused by pathogenic bacteria. Various remedies are available for food preservation and also from the bacterial diseases in the fish production. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, an alternative to antibiotic is the need of the hour. The proteins such as bacteriocins, i.e. ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and possess antagonistic against closely related and other bacteria. These proteins are produced by most lineages of bacteria which are playing key roles in recognition and possess a cognate immunity system for self‐protection as well as host protection from infections. These proteins are potent immunomodulators with broad spectrum inhibition properties which are further used as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we have tried to summarize the bacteriocins on the basis of their classifications, structural and functional attributes, mode of actions, bacteriocins isolated from fish and gut microbiota and presence of beneficiary bacteria in the fish gut. Further, this study highlighted where further research is a prerequisite to increase our basic understanding and search for novel bacteriocins to elucidate the proteins/peptides having antimicrobial properties for disease control in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics.     

Development of a new antibody for detecting natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF)-like protein in infected salmonids

The main cellular responses of innate immunity are phagocytic activity and the respiratory burst, which produces a high amount of reactive oxygen species. Natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family that has an antioxidant function and enhances cytotoxic cell activity. This molecule may play a key role in macrophage and cytotoxic cell communication during the innate immune response of fish against pathogens. In fish, the NKEF gene has been characterized in some species as showing an up-regulation in infected fish, suggesting a trigger effect upon NK-like cells. To detect and localize this molecule in salmonids at protein level, a monospecific polyclonal antibody was generated. A probable NKEF-like protein epitope region was identified and characterized using bioinformatic tools, and the sequence was chemically synthesized using Fmoc strategy, analysed by RP-HPLC and its molecular weight confirmed by mass spectrometry. The synthetic peptide was immunized and antibodies from ascitic fluid were obtained. The resulting antibody is a versatile tool for detecting NKEF by different immune techniques such as ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of NKEF-like protein is a useful method for characterizing immune properties of this molecule in fish during response to pathogens.