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1.
为了探究人类活动对洱海水体富营养化进程的影响,2014年4月、7月、11月和2015年1月在洱海全湖设置36个采样点进行采样监测,研究洱海光学衰减系数(K)、透明度(SD)、浊度(Turb)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的季节变化规律及其相关性,并分析沉水植物分布对光学特性的影响,以期为洱海富营养化治理和控制提供基本数据支持。结果表明,光学衰减系数的季节变化规律为春季(0.59 m-1)冬季(0.68 m-1)秋季(0.95 m-1)夏季(1.05 m-1);叶绿素a含量与光学衰减系数的季节变化规律相同,为春季(5.24μg/L)冬季(5.49μg/L)秋季(12.33μg/L)夏季(14.22μg/L);透明度季节变化规律为夏季(1.86 m)秋季(2.28 m)春季(3.00 m)冬季(3.07 m);浊度季节变化规律是春季(32.50 mg/L)冬季(32.52 mg/L)秋季(32.64 mg/L)夏季(32.70 mg/L)。光学衰减系数与透明度、浊度和叶绿素a均呈显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.648、0.523和0.467;透明度与叶绿素a和浊度均呈显著负相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.497和0.564;浊度与叶绿素a显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.241。叶绿素a在一定程度上会影响光学衰减系数,但不是其主要影响因素。在秋季和冬季,沉水植物区的水体光学衰减系数显著低于无沉水植物区(P0.05),但这种差异在春季和夏季不显著(P0.05)。在一年中的各季节,沉水植物区与无沉水植物区的水体透明度和叶绿素a含量均无显著差异(P0.05);沉水植物区的水体浊度显著低于无沉水植物区(P0.01)。  相似文献   

2.
为了探究水体光学特性的时空变化特征及影响因素,于2018—2019年对鄂东南5个典型湖泊(仙岛湖、梁子 湖、网湖、策湖和青山湖1号)进行了周年调查;通过分析光学衰减系数(Kd)等重要水体光学参数,得到了各湖泊光合 有效辐射衰减特征及影响因子,可为该地区富营养化湖泊的水生植被修复提供参考。结果表明:(1)鄂东南5个典型 湖泊之间的透明度、悬浮物、叶绿素a差异极显著(P<0.01)。(2)仙岛湖和梁子湖的溶解性有机物浓度较低,年均值分别 为(1.38±0.39)、(2.36±0.92)m-1,与其他湖泊差异极显著(P<0.01)。(3)年均光学衰减系数的空间分布规律为:仙岛湖 ([ 0.36±0.21)m-1]<梁子湖([ 1.81±0.89)m-1]<青山湖1号([ 3.77±1.89)m-1]<策湖([ 4.40±1.90)m-1]<网湖([ 4.70±2.54)m-1], 各湖泊之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。(4)仙岛湖光学衰减系数的主要影响因子是溶解性有机物,梁子湖和网湖则主要 受悬浮物影响,溶解性有机物和叶绿素a是造成策湖和青山湖1号水体光学衰减系数较高的重要原因,其中以溶解性有 机物为主。(5)各湖泊的真光层深度与透明度均呈现出极显著相关性(P<0.01),透明度在一定程度上可以反演真光层深 度,也可为沉水植物恢复区域划分提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
阳澄西湖及其入湖港口的水质评价与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探明阳澄西湖湖区及其入湖港口的水质现状,为其后续水环境治理提供参考,选取湖区6个位点和4个港口,于2016年5月至2017年3月监测其水质,逢单月月初采样;监测的水质参数包括水深(H)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、悬浮物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO~-_2-N)、总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(PO■-P)、叶绿素a (Chl-a)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总有机碳(TOC)。运用主成分分析法探讨了水体主要污染因子,采用皮尔逊相关性分析法探究湖区TN、TP对Chl-a浓度的影响。结果显示,阳澄西湖水质综合营养状态指数年均值为57.9,主要水质参数的时空分布表现为枯水期(5-7月)优于丰水期(11-1月),湖区优于入湖港口,北部优于南部。湖区TN和TP年均值为2.63 mg/L和0.217 mg/L,Chl-a年均值为21.74μg/L,且以9月最低。主成分分析显示,NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、PO■-P、TP、TN是湖区水质主要的污染因子,TP、NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、TN是港口水质的主要污染因子。皮尔逊相关性分析显示,阳澄西湖的Chl-a浓度与TN呈正相关(P0.01),与TP的相关性不显著(P0.05),且相关系数为负值。研究表明,阳澄西湖的Chl-a对营养物质的响应不灵敏,后续治理中需加强对外源氮磷的拦截。  相似文献   

4.
为探求衢州市渔业水域水库水体富营养化水平和主要驱动因子,本研究基于2018年水质监测数据,综合评价黄坛口水库(S1)、铜山源水库(S2)、狮子口水库(S3)、花园垄水库(S4)和金仓垅水库(S5) 5座不同水库水体富营养化水平,并采用相关性分析、主成分分析探讨水质环境因子对水体富营养化水平间的影响和相关关系。结果显示,叶绿素a (Chl-a)与综合营养状态指数法评价结果趋于一致,表明S1、S2和S3水库均为中营养,S4为轻度富营养,S5为重度富营养,水产养殖水域富营养化水平显著高于增殖放流水域(P<0.05)。5个水库中,S5为氮限制,其余水库均为磷限制。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,Chl-a与溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、铜(Cu)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)的相关性较好,综合营养状态指数(TLI)与水温(T)、SD、Cu、TP、TN的相关性较好,得到模型:Chl-a=19.793 CODMn–32.065 TP–33.004,TLI =1.062 CODMn + 18.468 TP–0.06 SD +0.450 T+1.765 TN+33.886。综合相关性分析、主成分分析结果,CODMn、TP、SD、T和TN是影响衢州市水库水体富营养化的主要因子,其中,氮、磷营养盐和有机物是造成水库水体富营养化的主要影响因子,水温是造成各水库富营养化季节性变化的主要原因,而pH、溶解氧是水体富营养化后的结果,可以作为水库富营养化水平的指示因子。  相似文献   

5.
为了给巢湖水质管理及富营养化防治提供科学依据,根据水系特征,在巢湖东、西湖区湖心、裕溪河出湖口、丰乐河、派河和南淝河共设置8个采样点,2013年12月至2014年11月共采样12次,分别代表冬季(12月-次年2月)、春季(3-5月)、夏季(6-8月)和秋季(9-11月),对巢湖水体理化因子和后生浮游动物(枝角类、桡足类、轮虫)群落进行逐月周年调查。基于叶绿素(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、透明度(SD)等水体理化指标,运用综合营养状态指数(TLI)和生物多样性指数,对不同湖区受污染程度和营养状态进行综合评价。结果显示,巢湖共检出后生浮游动物42种(属),优势种矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrata)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)为富营养化水体或有机质较多水体的常见种,不同季节的优势种存在较大差异;总体上,后生浮游动物全年平均丰度371.6 个/L(191.5~600.0 个/L)和全年平均生物量3.0 mg/L(2.0~4.6 mg/L)均呈现西半湖高于东半湖、夏秋季高于冬春季的分布特点;其群落结构也存在显著的季节差异和空间差异,矩形龟甲轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫等是造成差异的主要种类。水温(WT)和Chl-a是影响枝角类丰度的重要因子,桡足类丰度与WT呈显著正相关,而轮虫丰度受TLI(∑)指数的显著影响。TLI(∑)指数均值为60.33(52.18~66.28),指示巢湖总体处于轻度至中度富营养化状态。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数表明,巢湖总体处于中度污染状态,不同湖区水体具有明显的不均衡性。  相似文献   

6.
研究神农溪水温结构时空分布特征,阐述水温分层机理,分析神农溪水华与环境之间的关系,为神农溪水华防控提供理论基础。2015年在神农溪回水区内设置6个监测断面,分季节进行4次采样,对水温、水动力、Chl-a以及环境因子等进行原位监测。结果表明:神农溪不同季节存在不同形式的异重流,并影响库湾水温垂向分布格局;春季水温分层开始发育,夏季水温受中上层异重流影响垂向分布呈现"双斜温",秋、冬季主要受对流作用以及异重流的影响,上层水温呈等温状态;Chl-a与水温(R=0.752)、水体稳定系数(R=0.742)呈极显著正相关,而与混合层深度(R=-0.584)和溶解性氮(R=-0.609)、磷(R=-0.408)等营养盐呈极显著负相关。水温虽然与Chl-a呈显著的正相关关系,但并不能很好地解释神农溪水华暴发;神农溪藻类生长不受氮限制,但水华暴发消耗大量磷营养盐会对藻类继续增殖产生磷限制;春、夏季混合层深度骤减是神农溪水华暴发的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
“渔盐一体化”是山东省滨州市凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)盐田养殖的重要模式。为了解该模式下养殖水体浮游植物的叶绿素a (Chl-a)浓度、粒径结构的变化特征及主要影响因子,于2021年5—7月分别在养殖的初期、中期和收获期,测定高盐组(S=54)和对照组(S=32)养殖水体的分级Chl-a浓度[小型浮游植物(micro Chl-a)、微型浮游植物(nano Chl-a)、微微型浮游植物(pico Chl-a)、总Chl-a浓度]及相关环境参数的日变化和月变化。结果显示,日变化:对于总Chl-a浓度,高盐组无显著日变化(P>0.05),对照组在5月和6月存在显著的日差异(P<0.05)。对于浮游植物粒径结构,高盐组7月的pico Chl-a日变化显著(P<0.05);对照组7月的micro Chl-a和6月的nano Chl-a日变化显著(P<0.05)。月变化:两盐度组pico Chl-a、nano Chl-a和total Chl-a最低值和最高值都分别出现在6月和7月。且7月的总Chl-a显著高于5月和6月(P<0.05)。高盐...  相似文献   

8.
底质是沉水植物扎根生长并稳定繁衍的基本条件,不同类型底质物化特性存在差异。为了探究沉水植物大规模引植过程中产生形态学顶端颠倒现象对其恢复生长的影响,通过室内水族缸模拟实验和杭州西湖茅家埠湖区原位盆栽实验,研究不同类型底质(湖泥、湖泥+沙子、沙子、黄土)和正反向扦插对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)生长形态及生理指标的影响。结果显示,不同底质类型对黑藻生物量积累、分蘖数等形态指标影响显著(P<0.05),湖泥中黑藻生长最佳,其增加生物量(6.27 g)、分蘖数(19.8枝)在4种底质中最大;其次为黄土(5.14 g和18.8枝),其能促进植株和根系伸长;叶绿素、蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛测定结果进一步印证以上结果。各种底质中,反向扦插处理的黑藻分蘖数和根数较正向扦插均有显著减少,尤其是黄土底质中,反向比正向扦插分别减少10.2枝和22.8根,生物量降低2.961 g,但不影响最终形态学上端的形成。西湖茅家埠原位实验表明,在含水率和营养较低的底质中,盆栽黑藻长势相对优于含水率和营养较高底质中的黑藻,且同一底质盆栽于原位时比异位时更有利于生物量积累。建议恢复沉水植被时可以适当改良底质,尤其是物理特性,种植时需区分植物形态学的上下端。研究结果可为不同类型底质的浅水湖泊沉水植物群落恢复提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
沉水植物在富营养化水体生态恢复中的作用及前景   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
阐述了沉水植物的生态适应性及其在富营养化水体生态恢复中维护生态完整性和稳定性、净化水质、抑制藻类生长的生态功能和作用;分析了富营养化水体沉水植物衰退或消亡的原因、生态恢复研究取得的成就和实际应用中面临的困难,展望了沉水植物恢复在富营养化水体水环境质量改善方面的应用前景。  相似文献   

10.
鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镧(La)盐等化学絮凝材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制;天然粘土、红土和石英砂等材料由于廉价无污染、环境友好等特性,其用于改善湖泊水体环境和控制底泥磷释放越来越受到重视。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组(CK)、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质(透明度最高达2.2 m),但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P0.05)。全年水生植物保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻(Hydrilla verticillat)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、单果眼子菜(P.acutifolius)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18 000 g/m~2,群落稳定后的优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。  相似文献   

11.
12.
吊养在池塘不同水层中的三角帆蚌的存活和生长   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2005年5~11月在浙江省诸暨某池塘研究了吊养在池塘水表层下10 cm、40 cm和80 cm处三角帆蚌(Hyri-opsis cumingii)的生长。实验结果表明:吊养在不同水层的三角帆蚌成活率无显著差异,但吊养在表层下40 cm水层的蚌蚌壳长、蚌壳宽和蚌重增长速度明显高于吊养在表层下10 cm和80 cm水层的蚌,吊养在表层下10 cm处的蚌生长最慢。  相似文献   

13.
  • 1. The symbiotic association between corals and zooxanthellae has been a major contributing factor in the success of reef‐building corals.
  • 2. The diversity of zooxanthellae harboured in the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata in the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba), northern Red Sea, was investigated on the basis of the length and sequence variation of the 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA. Of several clades found worldwide, only clades A and C were found to be associated with this coral species in the Gulf.
  • 3. No correlation between the pink and brown colour morphs of the coral S. pistillata and the zooxanthella clade was found. Shallow‐water colonies (5 m) harbour clade A while deeper‐water colonies (17 m) harbour either clade A or C. This coral is a brooding species that associates with different zooxanthellae at different depths.
  • 4. Eutrophication from fish farms did not affect clade identity associated with Stylophora.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)具有重要的经济价值,其个体大小与钓获深度有一定的关联。本研究利用2013年东太平洋渔业观察员的数据,将渔获物分为76~85 cm、86~95 cm、96~105 cm、106~115 cm和116~125 cm 5个叉长组,运用悬链线公式得到钓获深度,统计各叉长组渔获个体钩位差异和各钩位渔获个体大小差异,分析个体大小与钓获深度的关系,得到结果如下:渔获物钓获深度范围为61.3~236.1 m。各叉长组主要渔获钩位随叉长增大而增大。各钩位主要渔获个体随序号增大而增大。76~85 cm叉长组的渔获物主要分布在61.3~121.8 m水层,平均钓获深度为(110.6±11.7)m;86~95 cm叉长组的在102.3~174.4 m,平均钓获深度为(144.1±4.5)m;96~105 cm叉长组的在189.4~202.8 m,平均钓获深度为(184.9±1.6)m;106~115 cm叉长组的在214.3~223.6 m,平均钓获深度为(193.8±3.8)m;116~125 cm叉长组的在230.5~236.1 m,平均钓获深度为(219.3±7.2)m。研究结果表明:东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼随叉长增大,栖息深度也加深,二者有相关关系。生产时调整钓具深度可有效保护资源可持续发展。  相似文献   

15.
One‐year‐old rope grown blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were grown in experimental lantern nets at two depths (2 and 6 m below the surface) in two different positions (inflow and outflow) off a raft in Loch Etive on the west coast of Scotland. Shell and tissue growth, and mortality were recorded. Water temperature, salinity and food availability were also monitored over the experimental period. There were no significant differences in the length, live weight, wet meat weight, dry meat weight and ash‐free dry meat weight between depths (P > 0.05). However, position had a significant effect on these parameters as mussels located at the inflow of the raft differed significantly from those at the outflow of the raft (P < 0.05). Particulate organic matter (POM) and chlorophyll a (Ch a) were significantly higher at the inflow than the outflow of the raft (P < 0.05), but depth had no effect on POM and Ch a (P > 0.05). The results show that food concentration was higher in the inflow of the raft than the outflow. In the light of these results, recommendations for better management of Scottish raft mussel cultivation are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract –  We used three-dimensional video analysis of feeding experiments to determine the effects of water depth on prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and steelhead ( O. mykiss irideus ). Depth treatments were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 m. Mean prey capture probabilities for both species were constant across all treatments (coho = 0.51, steelhead = 0.39), and did not differ significantly between species. In deeper treatments, capture probabilities were lower nearer the surface than they were nearer the substrate, particularly at the lateral edges of the foraging area. In deeper treatments coho had greater capture probabilities nearer the surface than did steelhead. It is unclear if this was a species difference, or one based on the relative amount of foraging experience the fish had in the wild prior to capture. Prey capture manoeuver characteristics were very similar for both species, including positive relationships between water depth and both prey detection distance and prey interception swimming speed, and no relationship between depth and speed of return to the focal point. Because prey encounter rate is expected to increase with increasing water depth, we used capture probabilities to predict capture rates for coho and steelhead, which increased linearly with water depth. We conclude that any benefit of foraging in deeper water is more likely due to increased encounter rate rather than to increased capture probability.  相似文献   

17.
This study reports on the movements of swordfish tagged within the Pacific Leatherback Conservation Area (PLCA), an expansive region (>500,000 km2) off the U.S. West Coast that has been seasonally restricted to drift‐gillnet fishing since 2001 to reduce leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coricea) interactions. Thirteen swordfish were outfitted with satellite‐linked archival tags scheduled for short (2–20 days, n = 11) and longer‐term (150 days, n = 2) data collection. All tags were deployed on basking swordfish using traditional harpoon‐based methods during the fall of 2012–2013, near offshore seamounts (35.6°N/122.9°W to 37.4°N/123.5°W). Depth and temperature data from 11 swordfish (~90 to 150 kg) resulted in <251 days of movement information from the PLCA region. All tagged individuals exhibited surface‐oriented nocturnal movements, spending >99% of the night above the average thermocline depth (37.5 m), with an average night depth of 8.3 ± 1.6 m. Daytime depth distribution was greater and more variable (mean 107.1 ± 21.2 m), with fish primarily displaying three behavioral patterns: (i) basking activity, 16.7% of the day, (ii) a mixed‐layer distribution between 3 m and the thermocline (26.8% of the day), and (iii) prolonged dives below the thermocline, 56.5% of the day. For seven of the tracks, daytime basking rates increased when thermocline depth was <37 m. As fish moved offshore, there was less variability in vertical movements with a reduction in both basking activity and mixed layer occupancy, as well as an increase in average daytime depth. These data are discussed with respect to the potential development of alternative fishery options for the PLCA.  相似文献   

18.
For migratory fishes such as Atlantic salmon, temporal variation in the utilization of thermal and depth habitats in the marine environment is likely to occur at both broad and fine scales, reflecting both ecological and metabolic factors. To test this, we implanted 26 Atlantic salmon kelts (i.e., post‐spawners) descending Campbellton River, Newfoundland, with data storage tags that recorded date/time, internal and external temperatures, pressure, and light. The salmon that returned to Campbellton River after an average of 62 days at sea were consecutive spawning kelt. Detailed data were recovered from eight of these fish and revealed distinct patterns in their utilization of thermal and depth habitats. Water temperatures experienced over the period at sea showed a wide range for all fish (from <0 to nearly 20°C); however, there were two clear frequency modes; one at 6–7°C and the other at 11–12°C. The cooler mode was indicative of daytime profiles and the warmer mode of night‐time profiles. This corresponded with the depth profiles, which indicated that salmon dove more frequently below 5 m (mean ± SD = 23 ± 0.9 dives per day) and spent less time (approximately 18%) near the sea surface (<1 m) during the day than during the night (4 ± 0.4 dives per night; approximately 45% time <1 m). The diurnal pattern may be indicative of a reliance on vision for feeding at depth and the short duration of dives (<10 min) may be a strategy that allows salmon a metabolic advantage (e.g., swimming capacity) over their prey living constantly at depth in cool waters.  相似文献   

19.
A recently developed echo sounder with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver can display both the boat position and echo gram. However, this information is displayed in different views. In this paper, we present a new digital three-dimensional (3D) echo sounder system comprising a traditional analog echo sounder, GPS receiver, notebook personal computer (PC), and a low-cost, compact, self-developed universal serial bus (USB)-based analog-to-digital (A/D) converter board. Multiple echo views can simultaneously display various desired targets more clearly than the view in a traditional analog echo sounder. The newly developed analysis software can precisely extract the information related to bottom depth, plants, and fish schools from the echoes. By combining the acoustic and position data, the system can map both the fish and plant echoes on the 3D sea bed generated from the extracted bottom depth. This system has been proved to be useful in observing the 3D and wide-area distribution of both fishes and aquatic plants and in studying habitat parameters in aquatic ecosystems. A notebook PC equipped with the self-developed USB-based A/D converter board is capable of transforming any traditional analog echo sounder into a high-performance 3D digital echo sounder.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract  The migratory behaviour of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts during the first phase of the marine migration was examined to assess their susceptibility to salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), infestations. Swimming depths of eight post-smolts relative to the measured salinity and temperature were monitored for an average of 11.4 h following release outside the mouth of the River Eio using depth sensitive acoustic transmitters. Vertical salinity and temperature distributions were simultaneously recorded along the migratory route. Mean swimming depth was 1.7 m (individual mean 0.5–2.1 m). There was no overall preference among all the post-smolts for specific salinity concentrations. Typically post-smolts migrated the majority (68%) of their time at salinities <20 psu (brackish water), and as a result outside the reported salinity tolerances of sea lice. Furthermore, post-smolts chose the warmest water layer during their coastal migration.  相似文献   

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