西北太平洋巴特柔鱼(Ommastraphes bartrami)中心渔场判别方法探讨

根据渔船生产收集的捕捞量和水温等资料,通过统计分析总结了形成巴特柔鱼高产渔场的基本规律及中心渔场的判别方法。结果认为：高产渔场一般分为三种类型,第一种是冷暖流舌锋交汇型,中心渔场位于冷暖流舌锋交汇处,并靠近暖流一侧。第二种是暖水涡型,中心渔场位于暖水涡的北—东北部;第三种是冷水舌型,中心渔场位于冷水舌前缘。据此,可根据上述规律及海洋环境的动态变化,及时把握高产渔场位置,指导渔业生产。     

近年来世界渔获量概况

根据联合国粮农组织的资料，1973年鱼类、无脊椎动物和其他海产品的世界产量为6570万吨。与1972年世界渔获量相比，仅增长20万吨，与1971年相比，减少了450万吨。     

鱼的应激反应

为研究鱼对各种影响的敏感性，通常把实验室中所得的资料外推到自然条件下，这就忽略了捕捞因素带来的强烈的刺激反应。苏联科学院内陆水域生物学研究所的工作人员对此进行了研究。     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔场分布与水温关系的研究

根据卫星遥感获取的海表水温和多年来我国在西北太平洋的柔鱼生产统计资料 ,探讨西北太平洋柔鱼渔场与水温分布特征。研究结果表明 ,15 0°E以西的柔鱼渔场 ,中心位置位于 4 1°N、14 6°E附近 ,渔场表层水温范围在 10～ 19℃之间 ,中心渔场表层水温为 13～ 18℃ ;15 0～ 16 0°E之间的柔鱼渔场 ,中心位置位于 4 2°0 0′N、15 5°0 0′E附近 ,渔场表层水温范围为 14～ 2 1℃ ,中心渔场表层水温约为 15～ 2 0℃。温度场特征分析显示 ,柔鱼中心渔场分布与冷水锋面、冷暖水切变锋面和暖水舌锋的变动密切相关。     

北京密云水库池沼公鱼自然繁殖情况调查

1998－1999年对北京市密云库池沼公鱼的自然繁殖情况进行了调查研究，取得了性腺发育，产卵群体的动态变化，繁殖力，产卵习性等资料，为合理利用和保护密云水库池沼公鱼资源提供了科学依据。     

我国池沼公鱼（Hypomesus olidus）和西太公鱼（H.nipponensis）的来源和比较

公鱼属(Hypomesus)是胡瓜鱼科(Osmeridae)的小型经济鱼类。分布于北太平洋沿岸中、高纬度地带。已知我国天然分布的有黑龙江的池沼公鱼(H．olidus)。根据国外资料，流入日本海的图门江绥芬河应有日本公鱼(H．japonicus)(吉在均，1966；宫地，1978)。至于长春净月水库、     

鱼形体间关系式及与流刺网的关系

据鱼是鱼深水层流刺网所获鱼是鱼的生物学资料，通过数理统计，研讨了鱼是鱼形体相互间关系式及与网具各参数的相关系数，为鱼是鱼流刺网的合理设计提供了实际数据。     

对Ti鱼流刺网网目尺寸与鱼体相关系数的研讨

根据１９９２￣１９９３年对Ｔｉ鱼深水层流刺网的试验情况及生物学测定资料，以及刺网网目尺寸与鱼的叉长、体重及体周的关系公式，通过数理统计，得出捕捞黄海北部产卵Ｔｉ鱼流刺网的网目尺寸与上述三项关系的相关系数。网目尺寸为２１．７ｍｍ（内径）的网具，主捕１１０￣１３０ｍｍ叉长组的黄海北部产卵Ｔｉ鱼（占７５％），其叉长、体重及体周的相关系数范围分别为：０．０９４７６￣０．０８７２９，４．５９０９８￣４．２５     

黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fluvidraco (Richardson)的生物学与养殖技术

综述了黄颡鱼营养、生物学(分类、对水质的适应等)、人工繁殖、苗种培育、食用鱼养殖和病害防治的最新资料，为养殖和深入研究提供基础资料。     

稻田挖凼养鱼试验总结报告

稻田养鱼是以稻为主，在有利于水稻增产的前提下，利用稻田这个特殊水体资源，发展渔业生产，增加鱼产品。在进行稻田养鱼上，过去一般都要求在田里开挖鱼沟，鱼溜、以解决养鱼与水稻生产上的浅水灌溉，施农药，干旱等矛盾，使稻鱼共生互利，获得较好的稻鱼产量。所进行的这些基本措施，人们往往认为麻烦，     

大西洋南部金枪鱼渔场的生产调查报告

根据随船调查材料，对大西洋南部金枪鱼延绳钓渔业从捕捞技术，渔场环境因素，渔获物情况、初加工、销售等方面做出了总结。本文着重分析了各个作业渔场的渔获情况，判断出八个中心渔场的位置，并就大眼金枪鱼在这几个中心渔场的生物学特征做了统计分析，从而为用地理信息技术预报渔场提供了实施依据。     

北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场初步分析

根据2004年7~11月“中远渔1号”调查船北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场探捕调查的生产情况,对秋刀鱼渔场进行分析。结果发现:①秋刀鱼渔场可根据渔场位置分为北部渔场和南部渔场,北部渔场范围为44°~45°N、156°~158°E,南部渔场范围为41°~42°N、150°~151°E,南部渔场的分布范围小于北部渔场。②秋刀鱼的生产以11月份生产最好,平均日产量达22.7t,其中最高日产量为60.42t;8月份的秋刀鱼生产最差,平均日产量为2.95t,与2003年的12.05t反差较大,主要是由于受到渔场环境因子变化的影响,鱼发位置偏至俄罗斯专属经济区内的缘故。③秋刀鱼舷提网作业平均日放网次数达7.6次,最高1天放网次数达到16次,而最高网次产量为11.05t。④秋刀鱼渔获组成以中小型鱼为主,占80%以上,除7月份渔获中特大型秋刀鱼占有较大比例外,其余月份很少有特大级秋刀鱼。⑤在相近的渔场位置,秋刀鱼个体随着生产月份的推迟,鱼体呈变小的趋势。     

中心渔场智能预报系统的设计与实现

应用人工智能技术设计中心渔场智能预报系统，包括系统的总体结构，范例库的建设，范例推理、规则库和规则修正，最后按设计路线给出试验性预报实例，预报结果与渔场实际情况比较，预报的准确性为７６．２％。研究结果表明，采用范例推理为主，规则修正为辅的技术路线使用计算机实现中心渔场智化预报是可行的。它可以为海洋渔业生产和管理部门提供快速、准确、实用的信息预报。     

Locations of early fishing grounds of saury in the northwestern Pacific

In the north-western Pacific, we found that locations of early fishing grounds of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, are affected by two factors, the size composition and the meridional shift of the offshore Oyashio Front (OOF). Early fishing grounds are formed nearshore from the central Kuril Islands to Hokkaido in northward OOF years. In southward OOF years, they are far from the coasts. There also exists a tendency that early fishing grounds are formed south-westward (north-eastward) in years when a large (medium or small) size class of saury is dominant and when the OOF shifts north (south). These results support the hypothesis that saury migration is considerably influenced by oceanographic conditions, and that a large size class of saury leads to migration that can reach the vicinity of Japan early in the fishing season.     

Seasonal potential fishing ground prediction of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific

We explored the seasonal potential fishing grounds of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models fitted with squid fishery data as response and environmental factors from remotely sensed [sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), wind stress curl (WSC) and numerical model‐derived sea surface salinity (SSS)] covariates. The potential squid fishing grounds from January–February (winter) and June–July (summer) 2001–2004 were simulated separately and covered the near‐coast (winter) and offshore (summer) forage areas off the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition and subarctic frontal zones. The oceanographic conditions differed between regions and were regulated by the inherent seasonal variability and prevailing basin dynamics. The seasonal and spatial extents of potential squid fishing grounds were largely explained by SST (7–17°C in the winter and 11–18°C in the summer) and SSS (33.8–34.8 in the winter and 33.7–34.3 in the summer). These ocean properties are water mass tracers and define the boundaries of the North Pacific hydrographic provinces. Mesoscale variability in the upper ocean inferred from SSH and EKE were also influential to squid potential fishing grounds and are presumably linked to the augmented primary productivity from nutrient enhancement and entrainment of passive plankton. WSC, however, has the least model contribution to squid potential fishing habitat relative to the other environmental factors examined. Findings of this work underpin the importance of SST and SSS as robust predictors of the seasonal squid potential fishing grounds in the western and central North Pacific and highlight MaxEnt's potential for operational fishery application.     

On the relationship between the Oyashio front and saury fishing grounds in the north-western Pacific: a forecasting method for fishing ground locations

The relationships between fishing ground locations of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and the two Oyashio fronts, the offshore front between 146^oE and 155^oE and the coastal Oyashio intrusion, before the saury fishing season, were examined using data from 1971 to 1991. Interannual geographical shifts of both the offshore Oyashio front and saury fishing grounds had a dominant interdecadal fluctuation. In years when the offshore front shifted north (south), the fishing grounds were formed relatively nearshore (offshore). When the offshore front shifted north, the fishing grounds were formed further nearshore in years the coastal Oyashio intrusion extended south. When the offshore front shifted south, on the other hand, the southward extension of the coastal intrusion did not necessarily cause formation of coastal fishing grounds. These results showed that locations of the fishing grounds depend not only on local and instantaneous oceanographic environments around the fishing grounds, but also on oceanographic conditions over an extensive range of the Oyashio area. This might indicate that the ecology of the saury's northward migration, through mixed water regions between the Kuroshio and Oyashio fronts in spring and summer, has a close relation to the shift of the offshore Oyashio front over a time range of months. A practical forecasting method for locations of saury fishing grounds is proposed based on the oceanography before the fishing season.     

东黄海鱿鱼渔场环境初步研究

<正> 一、前言 东黄海鱿鱼的捕捞自70年代以来,我国和日本已开始进行,产量高的年份可达6万多吨,但产量的年际变动较大。在东海区我国渔轮也曾兼捕到一些太平洋褶柔鱼,年产量有1.5千吨左右。近几年来生产渔船及科学考察船,在东黄海区曾发现了一些鱿鱼的中心渔场,产量虽有波动,但仍呈上升趋势。渔业界普遍认为鱿鱼是当前东黄海区     

夏秋季东海中部和南部海域澳洲鲐渔汛和渔场的年际变化

以2003-2008年夏秋季大型机轮围网在东海南部和中部外海的生产数据为基础,对澳洲鲐(Scomber australasicus)的集群开始时间、渔汛持续时间、渔场和渔获产量的年际变化进行了研究,并进一步探讨了渔汛开始和持续时间的影响因素以及渔场和渔获产量的年际变化因为.结果表明,夏秋季东海中南部澳洲鲐的平均渔汛开始时间平均为7月12日,即7月中旬开始;渔汛持续时间近2个月,一般在9月上中旬结束,个别年份可延迟到9月下旬;渔获产量的高峰期主要在7月下旬和8月份.渔场范围以2005、2006和2008年较大,而其余3年相对较小;中心渔场集中程度以2003、2004和2008年较高.年产量具有较大的波动性,最高产年份(2005年)的渔获量是最低产年份(2007年)的近5倍;而在高产渔区的产量方面,年间差异则更加突出.夏季澳洲鲐渔汛开始的时间和水温的上升速度有关,升温速度快的年份渔汛开始的时间也较早;渔汛持续时间和海水的高温持续时间基本一致.中心渔场的年间变动除了和等温线的年间变动有关外,也可能与黑潮在东海的流向有密切的关系.年产量的剧烈波动除了与澳洲鲐本身的资源量有关外,也与海洋环境的变化和捕捞因素有密切的关系.     

Do recreational fisheries metrics vary on differently sized fishing grounds?

This study aimed to assess the relationship between basic metrics in recreational fishing and the size of the fishing ground. Data were obtained from individual angling logbooks collected by the Czech Fishing Union over 12 years on 212 fishing grounds located in the regions of Prague and Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Small fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, numbers of fishing visits and numbers of angling guard controls per hectare. Medium‐sized fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, and numbers of both fishing visits and angling guard controls per fishing ground. Anglers returned to medium‐sized fishing grounds most frequently. The percentage of anglers who caught and took home at least one fish decreased with increasing size of the fishing ground. In conclusion, basic metrics in recreational fishing are related to the size of the fishing ground, which thus plays an important role in fisheries management.     

西北太平洋公海7~9月秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与水温的关系

根据2003~2005年7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生产数据和水温遥感数据,对西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼作业渔场分布及其与表温和上层水温结构的关系进行了分析。结果认为,随着时间的推移,7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场重心有从西南向东北变动的趋势;各月产量重心处水温结构有较大差异,9月混合层深度较7月和8月有所加深,渔场也较后者向北移动;各月高产渔区0~15m温度梯度都在0.25℃/m以下,0~40m温度梯度在0.1℃/m左右,40~60m温度梯度在0.25~0.42℃/m之间。灰色关联度分析表明,渔区月产量受到众多因素的影响,其中捕捞努力量、渔区平均日产量和表温是其主要影响因子,对渔区平均日产量影响较大的有表温、0~15m温度梯度、0~40m温度梯度和月份,其关联度都在0.80以上。