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1.
刀鲚脊柱及附肢骨骼早期发育研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解刀鲚骨骼的早期发育过程,采用软骨—硬骨双染色法对养殖刀鲚脊柱、附肢骨骼的早期发育进行了系统研究。结果表明,养殖刀鲚26日龄时出现硬骨环,脉弓先于髓弓于第29天长出,38日龄时脊柱硬骨化完成,髓弓、脉弓均从前往后进行硬骨化。附肢骨骼的发育顺序依次为胸鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍、尾鳍。胸鳍在第3日龄出现原基,50日龄硬骨化基本完成。19日龄背鳍间鳍软骨出现,50日龄硬骨化完成。29日龄臀鳍出现10个基鳍软骨,38日龄基鳍软骨和间鳍软骨才全部长出,48日龄硬骨化完成。29日龄腹鳍支鳍骨结构已形成,至50日龄硬骨化完成。尾鳍在29日龄时尾下骨全部出现,31日龄时出现尾上骨,50日龄硬骨化完成,期间涉及尾上骨联合、尾下骨与侧尾下骨联合等特点。首次记录了游离鳍条、腹肋及肌间刺的硬骨化状态。通过与鲱形目其它种的比较研究发现,刀鱼的分类地位较低。  相似文献   

2.
为探索硬化蛋白(sclerostin,SOST)基因在淇河鲫肌间骨骨化过程中的调控作用,本研究以淇河鲫仔稚鱼为研究对象,利用整体骨骼染色法对肌间骨的形态发生进行观察,并采用q RT-PCR、Western Blot和免疫组织化学技术检测SOST基因在肌间骨不同骨化阶段的m RNA和蛋白表达变化情况。结果显示,淇河鲫发育至24 dpf(day post fertilization),肌膈中出现纤维束;25 dpf髓弓小骨出现,28 dpf脉弓小骨出现,33 dpf髓弓小骨出现分叉,45 dpf肌间小骨发育完全。SOST基因在肌间骨骨化发生各阶段均有表达,23 dpf的表达量最低(P0.05),随着肌间小骨的骨化发育,SOST基因呈递增趋势,45 dpf表达量显著高于其他骨化阶段(P0.05);SOST蛋白在45 dpf时显著高于23和27 dpf(P0.05),与其他发育阶段无显著差异(P0.05)。SOST m RNA和蛋白变化趋势基本相同,都在23dpf处于最低,肌间骨全部出现后表达量达到最高,与淇河鲫肌间骨的形态发生趋势一致。因此,推测SOST与淇河鲫肌间骨骨化具有一定的相关性,可调控肌间骨的分化和形成。  相似文献   

3.
美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
长江刀鱼的驯养技术初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刀鲚(Coilia ectenes Jordanet Seale)俗称刀鱼,也叫长颌鲚,属鲱形目(Clupeiformes),鳀科(Engraulidae),鲚属(Coilia)。刀鱼是著名的长江"三鲜"之一,是一种中小型名贵的经济鱼类。由于环境、捕捞等诸多原因,目前资源衰退严重,个体低龄化,群体趋小化,产量逐年减少,由此带来了该品种市场高价位。  相似文献   

5.
为揭示鲔(Euthynnus affinis)的骨骼形态特征,采用X射线拍照法对鲔进行拍照及相关研究。研究发现,鲔脊柱由20枚躯椎和18枚尾椎构成,第4—第30枚脊椎骨连接27枚髓棘,第16—第28枚脊椎骨前后两端的椎体横突向下延伸后相互连接形成特殊骨骼结构,第35—第37脊椎骨上下两侧向斜后方延伸构成3块尾上骨和3块尾下骨,第38枚脊椎骨后半部特化为1整片尾骨;肩带位于第5—第6枚脊椎处;腰带位于第6枚脊椎骨下方;第一背鳍位于第6—第16枚脊椎骨上方;第二背鳍位于第21—第24枚脊椎骨上方;臀鳍位于第23—第26枚脊椎骨下方;背鳍后有7~8枚小鳍,支鳍骨延伸至髓棘之间;臀鳍后有6~7枚小鳍,支鳍骨延伸至脉棘之间。结果表明,X射线法可以清晰地观察鲔骨骼,但重叠较多的头部骨骼清晰度略低;为适应在海水中高速游动,鲔有独特的骨骼构造。鲔骨骼的研究丰富了南海金枪鱼的基础研究,可为其分类及演化提供参考,并为无伤化研究珍稀鱼类提供了思路。  相似文献   

6.
本研究基于 2014 年 6–7 月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网(口径 1.3 m、网目 0.5 mm)进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys luncidus)仔稚鱼样本, 采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术, 探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼(体长范围为 3.3~12.7 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明: 脊柱骨化之前不分节, 而是由前向后逐渐长出的多个骨环把脊柱分节, 硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成, 相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行, 棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长, 属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼, 为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊, 具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘; 背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长, 尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼, 侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合, 为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据, 对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
对86尾雌核发育团头鲂群体肌间骨的数目、形态、分布和长度进行了比较分析。肌间骨数目为100~136,平均数为121。依据肌间骨的数目分四区间,100~109、110~119、120~129和≥130,其中肌间骨数目在100~109的个体数占到雌核发育群体的10.5%,明显多于正常团头鲂群体肌间骨数目为100~109的个体在群体中所占比例(3.3%)。躯干轴下肌的肌间骨数目显著少于其他部位(P0.05),尾部轴上肌和尾部轴下肌的肌间骨数目也存在显著差异性(P0.05)。雌核发育群体100~109组合个体的肌间骨数目减少涉及到躯干部轴上肌和轴下肌以及尾部轴上肌和轴下肌4个部位的减少。雌核发育群体肌间骨数目的减少为团头鲂的良种选育提供了选育方向和基础育种材料。  相似文献   

8.
为揭示青干金枪鱼(Thunnus tonggol)骨骼形态特征,文章采用X-ray透视成像系统及骨骼标本制作法开展相关研究。结果显示,青干金枪鱼骨骼包括附肢骨骼和中轴骨骼两部分,其中附肢骨骼包括带骨和支鳍骨,中轴骨骼包括头骨、脊柱和尾骨。青干金枪鱼头部骨骼分为脑颅和咽颅两部分,脑颅主要包括嗅区、额眼区、蝶骨区和枕骨区,咽颅即包围在消化管前端的骨骼,包括颌弓、舌弓、鳃弓和鳃盖骨系。青干金枪鱼脊柱则由39枚脊椎骨前后衔接构成,其中第35至第38节椎体的髓棘和脉棘向后延伸变形成尾上骨和尾下骨,第39节椎体演变成尾杆骨。开展青干金枪鱼骨骼系统的研究不仅丰富了金枪鱼属鱼类的生物学基础,也为其分类及演化提供相关参考。  相似文献   

9.
日本鬼鲉脊柱和附肢骨骼的早期发育   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
通过软骨-硬骨双染色的方法对日本鬼鲉从初孵仔鱼到35日龄的发育过程中脊柱和附肢骨骼的发育进行系统观察.结果显示,脊柱的发育以10日龄髓弓的出现和1 1日龄脉弓的发育为起点;其中,椎体、髓棘、脉棘在20日龄形成,至35日龄基本完成骨化并伴随着躯椎的弯曲,并且发育和骨化顺序均为从前向后.附肢骨骼的发育顺序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍、背鳍和腹鳍.胸鳍的发育以3日龄胸鳍的匙骨、支鳍骨原基的出现为起点,11日龄软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨形成,35日龄胸鳍下端支鳍骨游离.腰带和腹鳍出现较晚,在18日龄开始发育,但发育较快.背鳍和臀鳍出现在20日龄,23日龄时出现完整背鳍和臀鳍形态,并伴随着鳍棘的发生;背鳍从身体中部出现,此后鳍棘由前向后发育,而臀鳍从身体中部向后发育.尾鳍发育以8日龄仔鱼尾下骨的发育为起点,15日龄尾鳍基本成型,尾下骨和尾鳍条分为上下两部分.35日龄尾鳍支鳍骨形成并初步完成骨化.对日本鬼鲉脊柱和附肢骨骼的早期发育研究,为早期发育过程中的功能适应性研究提供依据.  相似文献   

10.
岩原鲤Procyprisrabaudi(Tchang)隶属鲤形目、鲤科、鲤亚科、原鲤属,俗称岩鲤、黑鲤鱼、墨鲤。分布于长江中上游及其支流,是一种栖居岩石缝间的底层鱼,为四川省重点保护鱼类之一。长期以来,岩原鲤成鱼大多依赖于江河捕捞,养殖中疾病较少,但小瓜虫病对鱼苗的危害一直较严重。现将笔者遇到该病的发生情  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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