日本的人工鱼礁

<正> 基于人工鱼礁有良好的集鱼效果,又是海洋农牧化增殖手段之一,因此人工鱼礁成了世界各海洋渔业国家注意的问题。日本把人工鱼礁设置事业作为栽培渔业的重要组成部分和沿岸渔场改良、建造的重要支柱,故日本大力推荐人工鱼礁的建设。     

从日本人工鱼礁建设探讨我国鱼礁建设的方向

<正> 根据日本内阁会议1974年颁布的沿岸渔场整建开发法制定的整建开发计划,在日本沿海大规模建设人工鱼礁。人工鱼礁是根据一些鱼类的趋性,专为吸引鱼类栖息和繁殖、成长,而设置在鱼类洄游通道上的人造礁。日本是世界人工鱼礁建设历史最早、规模最大的国家。为了借鉴     

人工鱼礁诱鱼的有效性能

人工鱼礁诱鱼的有效性能日本学者们经过对人工鱼礁所进行的多次水下观察后指出：各种鱼类在这里的习性都是不相同的，有三种情况，当一群鱼钻进人工鱼礁里后；另一群鱼就聚在人工鱼礁的附近；而第三群鱼则处于人工鱼礁的上面。对于这种不同和区别，日本学者解释与因获取饵...     

人工鱼礁物品经济学特性

人工鱼礁是21世纪中国兴起的渔业生态修复工程之一。在社会主义市场经济下，物品的特性及其经济特点决定了人工鱼礁产品、服务的多样性。本文以现代公共物品经济学分析了我国正在进行的人工鱼礁建设，初步分析认为人工鱼礁物品划分为公共性人工鱼礁、私人性人工鱼礁、俱乐部性人工鱼礁和拥挤性人工鱼礁等4类，其物品各自特性表征出的投资主体、决策程序、管理模式、经营方式和渔业修复功能等不同。本文在讨论分类人工鱼礁经济学基础上，初步提出当前我国人工鱼礁建设的5个建议：分类指导建设；区域规划先行；资源增殖为主；注意投入导向；规范建设程序。     

山东省确立六大人工鱼礁项目

日前，山东省渔业部门决定建设6大人工鱼礁项目，分别是：烟台豆卵岛人工鱼礁项目、山东西港人工鱼礁项目、山东高禄人工鱼礁项目、山东寻山人工鱼礁项目、养马岛人工鱼礁项目、日照前三岛人工鱼礁项目。规划建设面积1170公倾，由省财政年支持资金1500万元。     

日本美国人工鱼礁建设对我国的启示

人工鱼礁是人工置于水域环境中用于修复和优化水域生态环境的构造物。它通过适当的制作和放置来吸引和增殖各类海洋生物,达到改善水域生态环境的目的。由于人工礁体修复海洋环境的作用显著,世界许多国家都开始了人工鱼礁的研究和建设,其中美国和日本的人工鱼礁建设走在世界前列     

南澳建设人工鱼礁前景广阔

粤东南澳岛立足当地的渔业资源优势，着力建设人工鱼礁，展现了广阔的发展前景。80年代，这个海岛县建设的两个人工鱼礁区发挥了显社会效益、生态效益和经济效益，其中第一个人工鱼礁区的渔获效益达到国际先进水平；新的南澳人工鱼礁区已被列为广东省沿海人工鱼礁建设规划的12个礁区之一，将于几年内建成大型鱼礁，为南澳渔业增添生机活力。     

日本建造人工鱼礁的历史

世界上许多国家和地区建造人工鱼礁,据文献记载,日本是世界上建造人工鱼礁的最早开拓者和倡导者,其次是美国。日本人工鱼礁建造传统历史约200年,后来,对人工鱼礁的结构设计、安装进行广泛试验,而美国游钓者使用人工鱼礁已超过100年历史。     

我国人工鱼礁建设概况、问题及建设途径

文章以人工鱼礁为研究对象,论述了国内外人工鱼礁建设概况,阐述了人工鱼礁建设的必要性和我国人工鱼礁建设中存在的问题,提出了我国发展人工鱼礁的途径和思路,以期为我国人工鱼礁建设的实践提供参考。     

人工渔礁发展概况

用人工鱼礁来建设近海渔场，调整外海捕捞量，保护资源，开辟多种经营之途径，已成为目前沿海各国渔业的一项建设事业，但尽管如此，真正对人工鱼礁的试验、研究历史还不长，不少人对人工鱼礁事业不了解，产生了种种怀疑，因此，对人工鱼礁作一全面性的论述，是很有必要的。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。