饵料密度、体重和盐度对黄边糙鸟蛤滤水率的影响

2011年11～12月,以扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为饵料,在实验室条件下采用静水法测定了不同饵料密度、体重和盐度下黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)的滤水率。结果表明:饵料密度、体重以及盐度对黄边糙鸟蛤滤水率均存在显著性影响。在实验饵料密度范围内,当饵料密度小于10×104cell·mL-1时,黄边糙鸟蛤的滤水率随着饵料浓度的增加而增大,饵料浓度与滤水率之间呈现正相关的幂函数关系;体重对滤水率的影响呈幂函数关系,个体滤水率随着体重的增加而增大;在一定盐度范围内,滤水率随着盐度的升高而增大,在盐度为32.7时滤水率达到最大值0.249 L·(g·h)-1,随后随着盐度的升高滤水率呈下降趋势。     

饵料种类、密度和pH对不同规格黑蝶贝滤水率的影响

为了解黑蝶贝(Pinctada margaritifera)的滤食特性,利用一次性加入饵料的方法,设置4种个体规格、5种单胞藻饵料、5个p H梯度和饵料密度梯度,研究了不同因素对黑蝶贝滤水率(FR')的影响。结果显示:FR'随体重的增大先上升后下降,回归拟合方程:FR'=-0.000 359 x2+0.074 x-2.272,R2=0.854;黑蝶贝对5种单胞藻饵料的滤水率大小次序为:小球藻球等鞭金藻绿色巴夫藻牟氏角毛藻亚心形扁藻;FR'随着p H的升高而升高,到p H为8.6左右时开始下降,其拟合关系为:FR'=-0.331x2+5.621x-23.198,R2=0.739;FR'与一定饵料密度范围内呈明显的峰值变化,饵料密度为4.38×105Cell/m L时达到最大,其拟合方程为:FR'=-0.234x2+2.036x-2.959,R2=0.852。通过可知,饵料种类、p H、饵料密度和规格对黑蝶贝滤水率的影响显著(P0.05)。     

四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率影响因子研究

采用实验生态学方法对四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率的影响因子进行了研究。比较了不同饵料及密度、规格、温度对四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率（FR）的影响。结果表明：1）四角蛤蜊稚贝对4种单胞藻的滤水率均随着密度的增大而增大,但达到一定密度后,滤水率会随着密度的增加而下降;2）四角蛤蜊稚贝的滤水率随着体质量的增加而增大,符合幂函数回归关系：Y=13．429X^0.6118,R^2=O．9971;3）在一定温度范围内,四角蛤蜊稚贝滤水率随着温度的升高而增大,24℃时滤水率达到最大值2．31ml（个．分钟）,随后滤水率随着温度的升高而下降。     

不同微藻饵料对卤虫滤水率的影响

采用静水法研究不同饵料种类(等鞭金藻、盐藻、扁藻)在相同密度、相同生物量的环境下对卤虫的滤水率的影响。结果表明,2h内卤虫的滤水率顺序为等边金藻组盐藻组扁藻组,等鞭金藻与盐藻和扁藻表现出显著差异(P0.05),其中最大滤水率为1.78mL/(ind.·h)。研究显示,食物粒径越小,卤虫对其滤水率越大,等鞭金藻因其具有相对较小的粒径表现出了较高滤食优势,因此在渔业生产上可作为一种卤虫的适口饵料进行推广应用。     

亚心形扁藻超滤浓缩技术研究

为了研究在亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)进行浓缩时,不同操作压力对单胞藻饵料浓缩机滤水率、藻细胞浓缩密度和藻细胞活性的影响,采用超滤技术,在操作压力分别为0.02、0.06、0.10、0.16、0.20 MPa的条件下,利用单胞藻饵料浓缩机对亚心形扁藻进行浓缩,并对不同浓缩时间的浓缩藻进行再培养。结果表明,随着压力的增加,浓缩机滤水率和藻细胞浓缩密度逐渐增大,压力为0.20 MPa时,浓缩机的滤水率最大、浓缩密度最大,浓缩8 h后,藻细胞密度最大,为(4.98±0.14)×10⁶ cells/mL;浓缩后藻细胞繁殖速度较快,超滤对藻细胞活性影响较小。     

饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响

试验结果表明,温度和规格对硬壳蛤同化率的影响不显著(P>0.05);饵料种类对硬壳蛤同化率影响显著(P<0.05).其中小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的同化率显著高于小新月菱形藻(P<0.05),而小新月菱形藻又显著高于扁藻(P<0.05).     

单胞藻超滤浓缩技术的研究

采用超滤技术对球等鞭金藻进行浓缩,比较不同操作压力对浓缩机滤水率及单胞藻活性的影响。操作压力分别为0.02、0.06、0.10、0.16、0.20 MPa对单胞藻进行浓缩,并对不同浓缩时间的浓缩藻进行再培养。结果表明,浓缩机的滤水率随着压力的增大而增大;当压力为0.16 MPa时,滤水率最高,浓缩密度最大,且不影响浓缩藻的细胞活性。     

栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）在模拟自然水环境中滤水率的测定

在模拟自然海区的生态环境的条件下，对桑沟湾内主要养殖种类栉孔扇贝的滤水率进行了测定，对其不同体长扇贝的滤水率进行了实验比较。在水温２４－２６℃。盐度３１－３２‰范围内，昼间光照５００Ｌｕｘ左右条件下，用叶绿素和颗粒有机物作为测定指标，结果表明，此种扇贝的滤水率随个体增大，单位个体的滤水率越大，而单位干组织重的滤水率越小；同一规格扇贝，密度越大，滤水率越低。在本实验过程中，昼夜间的滤水率变化不甚明显     

鲍采苗板上底栖硅藻种类变化的观察

底栖硅藻作为鲍幼体的前期饵料,其种类与质量对鲍人工育苗的成败起着至关重要的作用,其种类适宜且数量充足可以延长鲍幼体的附着变态率,延长在板时间,实现剥离大规格苗种,达到提高成活率的目的。据报道在底栖硅藻自然种群中,以小型的卵形藻(Cocconesp.)和舟形藻(Naviculasp.)的     

菲律宾蛤 仔生理生态学研究：Ⅱ.温度,饵料对同化率的影响

在室内试验条件下,研究了温度、饵料的种类、密度和质量对菲律宾蛤仔同化率的影响。试验结果显示,随水温的升高,菲律宾蛤仔滤水率、摄食率、同化率以及净生长率均有明显的增加,经方差分析（ＡＮＯＶＡ）显示,温度对它们的影响极显著。菲律宾蛤仔对新月菱形藻、球等鞭金藻和亚心形扁藻的同化率基本相同。饵料的丰度和质量是影响菲律宾蛤仔同化率的重要因素,随食物中有机物含量（ＰＯＭ/ＴＰＭ）的增加,同化率也增加;且随饵料     

蚯蚓与蝇蛆对中国对虾生长及抗白斑综合征病毒感染的研究

以中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）为实验材料，分别投喂配合饲料、蚯蚓、蛤蜊、蝇蛆等四种饵料，利用生长和抗病性指标综合评价蚯蚓和蝇蛆作为中国对虾饵料的可行性。生长实验前测定每个实验组的初始体长和体重，养殖40d后再次测定生长指标，之后，分别投喂不同毒饵量进行人工感染实验。方差分析表明：投喂四种饵料后，蛤蜊组生长最快，其次是蚯蚓，再次是蝇蛆，最后是配合饲料，各组之间对虾体长增长差异显著（P<0.05），体重增长差异极显著(P<0.01) 。利用线性固定模型分析不同饵料及不同病毒量感染下对中国对虾存活率的影响，其中蚯蚓组存活率最高，配合饲料组存活率最低，并且蚯蚓组存活率显著高于蛤蜊组和配合饲料组(P<0.05)，蝇蛆组显著高于配合饲料组（P<0.05）。研究结果表明：蚯蚓和蝇蛆可显著提高中国对虾的生长速度，明显提高中国对虾的抗病性，是很好的对虾饵料。     

The use of alternative diets to culture juvenile cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis: effects on growth and lipid composition

The effects of feeding three natural frozen diets, grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sp.), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and fish (Sardina pilchardus) and two semi‐humid artificial diets (based on fish or shrimp powder) to the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, were analysed. Growth rate and feeding rate [FR; % body weight (BW) day^?1] and food conversions (FC, %) were determined. Cuttlefish fed shrimp grew larger (3.8% BW day^?1) and had the highest FC, followed by those fed crayfish, and sardine. The highest FR was obtained for cuttlefish fed crayfish (10.5% BW day^?1). Although both artificial diets were accepted, none produced growth. Digestive gland‐to‐body weight ratio (DG/BW ratio) was calculated for animals fed each diet. A positive correlation (r = 0.94) between cuttlefish ingestion FR and DG weight was obtained. Mortality occurred mainly during the last week, and some cannibalism occurred among cuttlefish fed artificial diets. Finally, lipid composition of diets, DG and mantle of each group were analysed. Sardine diet was characterized by high levels of triacylglycerol (TG), whereas the main difference between shrimp and crayfish was the higher n‐3/n‐6 ratio found in shrimp. Changes in the lipid composition of DG were related to diet, but did not correlate with growth data. A strong loss of TG in the DG of artificial diets groups was notable. No differences in mantle lipid composition among the natural diets were found, but artificial diet groups showed higher contents of neutral lipids in their mantle respect to natural diets. According to results obtained, crayfish (P. clarkii) could be used as an alternative prey for rearing S. officinalis compared with shrimp. Artificial diets showed the worst effects in growth and mortality as well as the stronger influence on DG and mantle lipid composition of cuttlefish.     

Filtration of king scallops (Pecten maximus)

Filtration rates of hatchery-reared king scallop (Pecten maximus L.) juveniles, fed a single species alga diet (Pavlova lutheri (Droop) Green), were measured at a range of temperatures (6–21 °C). Weight specific filtration rate (ml min⁻¹ g⁻¹ (live weight)) of juveniles of a selected size range of 17–19 mm shell height (0.26–0.36 g live weight) increased with temperature above 16 °C and decreased below 11 °C, but was not significantly different between these two temperatures. Measurements at 16 °C using juveniles with a wider size range of 10–25 mm shell height (0.05–0.8 g live weight) gave the allometric equation: filtration rate (ml min⁻¹)=12.19×weight (g)^0.887. Filtration rate decreased significantly when the cell concentration was greater than 200 cells μl⁻¹ (4.25 mg (organic weight) l⁻¹). With six other algae food species, filtration rates similar to those with P. lutheri were only achieved with Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano. All other algae species tested were cleared from suspension at significantly lower rates. Experiments with diet mixtures of P. lutheri and these other algae suggested that this was usually a reflection of lowered filtration activity, rather than pre-ingestive rejection of cells. In experimental outdoor nursery rearing systems, the filtration rate was inversely proportional to the concentration of cells in the inflow, in the range 5–210 cells μl⁻¹. It was not affected by flow rate (2–130 l h⁻¹, equivalent to 0.12–28.38 l h⁻¹ g⁻¹ (live weight)) with scallop juveniles stocked from 2 to 62 g l⁻¹. The results are discussed in relation to on-growing scallops at field sites.     

Development of diets for the intensive culture of Pacific lamprey

The Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an ancestral species of critical importance to the ecosystem and indigenous cultures in the Pacific Northwest. Conservation aquaculture has been proposed as a potential technique to restore Pacific lamprey populations. Intensive culture methods and diets for this species have not been developed. A sixteen week feeding trial tested the effects of seven diet treatments on the survival, growth, fatty acid profile and whole body lipid content of Pacific lamprey ammocoetes. Dietary treatments were: active dry yeast, yeast plus fish oil emulsion, micro‐algae, micro‐algae plus fish oil emulsion, yeast with micro‐algae, yeast with micro‐algae plus fish oil emulsion and yeast with larval fish diet. Each diet was offered to five replicate tanks stocked with 20 ammocoetes that were 51 days post hatch. Survival during the trial was not affected by diet. The greatest length and weight increases were in fish fed diets containing yeast. Growth decreased as the amount of algae in the diet was increased. Lipid retention was significantly higher in fish fed yeast with larval fish diet relative to the other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in fish fed diets containing yeast. Whole body fatty acid profiles tended to reflect the fatty acid profile of the diet. Percentages of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher in fish fed diets containing fish oil emulsion. Overall, yeast with larval fish diet provided the best growth performance in larval Pacific lamprey.     

不同饵料对短蛸生长的影响

在盐度28~30、水温23.6~25.8℃下,将54只初始体质量(34.82±3.79)g的健康短蛸放入500mL矿泉水瓶中,瓶体周身均匀钻直径5mm小孔约80个,每瓶1只,悬挂在4.1m×6.6m×1.4m养殖池中,投喂菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏和肉球近方蟹3种饵料,每种饵料3个平行组,比较分析3种饵料对短蛸生长的影响。28d的饲养表明,3个饵料组的成活率均为100%,但投喂肉球近方蟹的短蛸特定生长率(1.67%/d)和饵料转化效率(33.46%)显著高于投喂缢蛏(1.33%/d,14.01%)和菲律宾蛤仔(1.31%/d,19.57%)的短蛸(P0.05)。试验结果表明,蟹类是短蛸养成阶段较理想的饵料。     

Flocculated microalgae concentrates as diets for larvae of the tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius

Fresh algal culture is a major bottleneck in the aquaculture industry. Substitutes that are cost-effective and simplify hatchery procedures, such as algae concentrates need to be evaluated. Four species of alga – Chaetoceros muelleri , C. calcitrans , a tropical Skeletonema sp. and Thalassiosira pseudonana – were concentrated by flocculation, stored for 6 weeks at 4 °C and then compared with their fresh counterparts as feeds for Penaeus monodon larvae. The algae were fed at either high or low cell densities with no supplements.
Fresh C. muelleri promoted the highest survival, greatest weight gain and fastest development to mysis 1. Larvae fed this diet were twice as heavy as those fed most of the other diets. Concentrated C. muelleri or T. pseudonana promoted similar survival rates to that of larvae fed fresh C. muelleri although development rates were slower. Larvae fed fresh C. calcitrans had high survival and intermediate development, but those fed the concentrate had very poor survival and development. Skeletonema sp., whether in the fresh or concentrated form, was a poor diet for prawn larvae: it resulted in high mortality and slow development. Cell density did not affect survival or dry weight of larvae but did affect development in some cases. Flocculated algal concentrates show promise as replacement feeds for fresh algae.     

Comparison of Three Culture Methods for the Intensive Culture of Northern Quahog Seed, Mercenaria mercenaria

A number of approaches have been utilized for growing bivalve hatchery seed (1 mm) to a size suitable for field planting (< 8 mm) but few have been directly compared. This study evaluated the growth and survival of northern quahog seed in three different culture systems and two different stocking densities. The three systems were: 1) a stacked-tray unit with downward water flow; 2) traditional upweller culture units with water flowing upward without seed bed expansion; and 3) upweller culture units with water flowing upward at fluidization velocities to provide seed bed expansion. The two stocking densities were 1.0 and 3.0 g whole wet weight clam/cm² respectively. During each trial period the seed clams were fed a 1% daily ration (% dry weight algae per wet weight clam per day) of the cultured diatom Chaetoceros muelleri . After 14 d of culture at the 1.0 g whole wet weight/cm² stocking density, seed clams (4.4 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) under fluidized-flow condition exhibited better growth (0.54/d), and a greater final shell length (5.9 ± 1.0 mm). At the high density stocking conditions, after 28 d of culture, seed clams (4.2 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) in the fluidized-flow culture conditions again exhibited better growth rate (0.031/d) and a greater final shell length (6.0 ± 1.0 mm). The preliminary evaluation of fluidized-flow for seed clam culture in land-based nurseries indicates its potential as a suitable alternative to raceway, downwelling, or traditional forced-flow culture methods.     

文蛤红色选育系幼贝滤水率响应面法分析

为比较文蛤红壳色选育系与江苏野生群体在不同条件下滤水率的差异并找出文蛤最佳滤水率条件,采用了试验生态学方法和响应面法对文蛤红壳色选育系幼贝进行滤水率的研究。试验结果显示,在一定范围内,文蛤幼贝滤水率随盐度、温度和藻类密度的增加而增大,超过一定范围,幼贝滤水率随盐度、温度和藻类密度的增加而减小;在同等条件下,文蛤红壳色选育系幼贝与野生群体滤水率无显著差异,但文蛤红壳色选育系生长速率显著高于野生群体;通过响应面法优化,文蛤红壳色选育系幼贝的最佳滤水率条件为:盐度21.82、温度27.40℃、藻类密度9.96×10^4个/mL,此条件下滤水率的预测值为1.62 mL/(个·min)。     

酸化剂对草鱼生长和非特异性免疫能力的影响

为考察不同类型酸化剂对草鱼生长及生理机能的影响,在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加0.21％磷酸、柠檬酸、乳酸和复合酸,饲养初始体重为(10.33±0.03)g草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)8周.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.21％柠檬酸、乳酸和复合酸均显著提高草鱼的增重率、特定生长...