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Genetic diversity of the pan‐European freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina (Bivalvia: Unionoida) based on CO1: new phylogenetic insights and implications for conservation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elsa Froufe Carina Sobral Amílcar Teixeira Ronaldo Sousa Simone Varandas David C. Aldridge Manuel Lopes‐Lima 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(4):561-574
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- 1. Spanish populations of the white‐clawed crayfish have declined sharply over the last three decades. Although Austropotamobius pallipes was once widely distributed and very abundant in most of the limestone basins of the country, outbreaks of crayfish plague since 1978 have reduced its populations, and now only some 500–600 small populations are left.
- 2. Consequently, the species now enjoys protection under national legislation. Management decisions regarding the conservation of a threatened species require an understanding of the genetic structure of its populations.
- 3. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting the genetic variability of 11 populations of A. pallipes was assessed over the species' range in Spain, and their phylogenetic relationships determined.
- 4. Substantial genetic differentiation was detected among the populations tested; no clear relationship was found between patterns of genetic variability and hydrological basin. The RAPD markers showed the degree of genetic variability of these populations to be similar to, and in some cases slightly higher than, that reported in previous studies on other Spanish and European populations of A. pallipes.
- 5. The results offer hope for the recovery of this species in Spain, and provide information that might be useful in the management of crayfish reintroduction programmes.
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Luisa Garofalo Angela Mastrogiacomo Paolo Casale Rossella Carlini Claudia Eleni Daniela Freggi Donatella Gelli Leyla Knittweis Carmen Mifsud Toni Mingozzi Nicola Novarini Dino Scaravelli Giovanni Scillitani Marco Oliverio Andrea Novelletto 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(6):868-884
- that the north Adriatic, the Tunisian continental shelf, the waters around Malta and the Italian Ionian Sea represent important areas for the conservation of rookeries in Greece, Libya and Turkey, respectively;
- that waters off the Italian peninsula and the islands of Lampedusa and Malta are mainly inhabited by individuals of Mediterranean origin, with a major contribution from the nearest and largest colonies, while Atlantic turtles are restricted to the western areas;
- that specific migratory routes exist from rookeries to foraging grounds;
- a poor bi‐parental genetic structuring, which suggests a high male‐mediated gene flow in the Mediterranean;
- mixing of small turtles in waters distant from natal rookeries, and recovery of structuring for large‐sized individuals; and
- that uncommon mtDNA haplotypes are more powerful markers than microsatellite alleles in assessing an individual's origin, owing to their higher geographic specificity.
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Richard Skidmore Christopher Leach Joe Hoffman William Amos David Aldridge 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(5):560-567
- 1. Genetic analysis is increasingly recognized as a key tool for understanding demography, and is particularly useful for describing patterns of gene flow between putative populations. Most effort has been directed towards vertebrate systems, where any one study often benefits from marker development in related species. The greater diversity of invertebrate taxa presents a challenge, but amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers offer a solution, yielding high levels of polymorphism and no prior knowledge of a species' genome.
- 2. AFLP markers have been used to analyse an unusual metapopulation of an invertebrate, the endangered freshwater mussel, Pseudanodonta complanata, sampled from river systems across the UK. This was done to assess the extent to which individual river systems were genetically isolated from one another.
- 3. The results show patterns of weak genetic differentiation across the UK, with one hydrologically isolated population in the south west showing clear genetic differentiation from the rest of the country. However, the UK population as a whole exhibits significant isolation by distance, particularly when one population subject to fish stocking is removed, this population probably being seeded with mussel glochidia larvae which use fish as vectors. Genetic estimates of inbreeding reveal a complicated pattern in which inbreeding peaks at intermediate densities. High‐density populations may be genetically diverse due to their size, while the lowest density populations may represent transient groups of emigrants from other, larger populations.
- 4. The findings show that limited gene flow does exist between some but not all river systems. The isolation of the south‐west population indicates that dispersal is variable and should not be assumed to be present. Waterways that remain hydrologically isolated may require special attention in conservation programmes as they can harbour genetically distinct populations. The balance between river management activities and conservation priorities therefore needs careful consideration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Riviane Garcez Daniela Calcagnotto Lurdes Foresti De Almeida‐Toledo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(3):268-275
- 1. Prochilodus lineatus (Prochilodontidae, Characiformes) is a migratory species of great economic importance both in fisheries and aquaculture that is found throughout the Jacuí, Paraíba do Sul, Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay river basins in South America. Earlier population studies of P. lineatus in the rio Grande basin (Paraná basin) indicated the existence of a single population; however, the range of this species has been fragmented by the construction of several dams. Such dams modified the environmental conditions and could have constrained the reproductive migration of P. lineatus, possibly leading to changes in the population genetic structure.
- 2. In order to evaluate how genetic diversity is allocated in the rio Grande basin, 141 specimens of P. lineatus from eight collection sites were analysed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) with 15 restriction enzymes.
- 3. Forty‐six haplotypes were detected, and 70% of them are restricted. The mean genetic variability indexes (h = 0.7721 and π = 1.6%) were similar to those found in natural populations with a large effective size. Fst and Exact Test values indicated a lack of structuring among the samples, and the model of isolation by distance was tested and rejected.
- 4. The haplotype network indicated that this population of P. lineatus has been maintained as a single variable stock with some differences in the genetic composition (haplotypes) between samples. Indications of population expansion were detected, and this finding was supported by neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses.
- 5. The present study focused on regions between dams to serve as a parameter for further evaluations of genetic variability and the putative impact of dams and repopulation programmes in natural populations of P. lineatus. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Mitochondrial DNA short tandem repeats unveil hidden population structuring and migration routes of an endangered marine turtle 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yaron Tikochinski Phil Bradshaw Angela Mastrogiacomo Annette Broderick Alon Daya Andreas Demetropoulos Simon Demetropoulos Nicolas‐George Eliades Wayne Fuller Brendan Godley Yakup Kaska Yaniv Levy Robin Snape Lucy Wright Carlos Carreras 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):788-797
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A preliminary genetic map of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904) 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Lingling Wang Linsheng Song Yaqing Chang Wei Xu Duojiao Ni & Ximing Guo 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(7):643-653
Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. The development of a genetic linkage map would provide a powerful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR‐based technique that has proven to be powerful in genome fingerprinting and mapping, and population analysis. Genetic maps of C. farreri were constructed using AFLP markers and a full‐sib family with 60 progeny. A total of 503 segregating AFLP markers were obtained, with 472 following the Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:1 and 31 markers showing significant (P<0.05) segregation distortion. The male map contained 166 informative AFLP markers in 23 linkage groups covering 2468 cM. The average distance between markers was 14.9 cM. The female genetic map consisted of 198 markers in 25 linkage groups spanning 3130 cM with an average inter‐marker spacing of 15.8 cM. DNA polymorphisms that segregated in a 3:1 ratio as well as the AFLP markers that were heterozygous in both parents were included to construct combined linkage genetic map. Five shared linkage groups, ranging from 61.1 to 162.5 cM, were identified between the male and female maps, covering 431 cM. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers appeared to be evenly distributed within the linkage groups. Although preliminary, these maps provide a starting point for the mapping of the functional genes and quantitative trait loci in C. farreri. 相似文献
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Genetic differentiation and historical demography of wood stork populations in Brazilian wetlands: Implications for the conservation of the species and associated ecosystems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Carolina I. Miño Luiza H. da Silva Avelar Fagner M. da Silva Manolo F. Perez Luiza F. Menezes Silvia N. Del Lama 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1313-1324
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Post‐release movements and habitat use of robust redhorse transplanted to the Ocmulgee River,Georgia
- 1. Robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum is an imperiled, potadromous fish in the south‐eastern USA. Initial recovery efforts have focused on supplementing existing populations and establishing refugial populations through extensive stocking programmes. However, assessment of the success of these programmes has not yet been conducted, and there are few reports evaluating the effectiveness of such programmes with other potadromous species.
- 2. Radio telemetry was employed to assess the effectiveness of a stocking programme aimed at addressing whether stocked individuals would remain in an area free of introduced predators and ascertaining the ability of stocked fish to integrate into a resident population.
- 3. Hatchery‐reared robust redhorse were captured from refugial populations established in other river systems and were transferred to the Ocmulgee River, Georgia where a population of hatchery‐reared individuals and an unknown number of wild fish reside.
- 4. These transferred robust redhorse exhibited an exploratory phase for the first 3 months before adopting behaviour patterns, including spawning migrations, that were consistent with those reported for wild fish in other systems. However, some individuals seemed unable to locate suitable spawning habitat.
- 5. Approximately half of the radio‐tagged fish remained within the area free of introduced predators.
- 6. At least some radio‐tagged robust redhorse fully integrated into the resident population as evidenced by their presence in spawning aggregations with resident individuals.
- 7. The effectiveness of a stocking programme is dependent upon the ability of stocked individuals to integrate into an existing population or replicate the behaviour and functionality of a resident population. Evaluations of stocking programmes should incorporate assessments of behaviour in addition to surveys to estimate abundance and survivorship and genetic assessments of augmentation of effective population sizes.
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