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1.
<正>农业部高度重视农业面源污染防治工作。今年4月13日,农业部印发了《关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》,7月29日,召开了面源污染防治攻坚战推进工作组第一次会议。渔业作为大农业的一部分,渔业主管部门也高度重视水产养殖面源污染防治工作,各地在控制和减少水产养殖面源污染方面做了不少工作,其中不乏亮点。为了进一步推进水产养殖面源污染防治工作,加快水产养殖发展方式转变,本刊对部分省份在水产养殖污染防治工作方面的亮点进行整理,供学习参考。  相似文献   

2.
<正>本刊讯(李明爽报道)为贯彻落实全国加快转变农业发展方式现场会和全国农业生态环境保护与治理工作会议精神及《农业部关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》要求,交流各地、各单位近年来推进水产养殖面源污染防治工作的好做法、好经验,对水产养殖面源污染防治工作进行动员和部署,11月4日,农业部渔业渔政管理局在江苏省盐城市召开了全国水产养殖面源污染防治现场会。  相似文献   

3.
HACCP在水产养殖中的应用及我国应采取的措施   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
HACCP原理在水产养殖中的应用就是应用HACCP原理对水产养殖全过程进行危害分析和控制,使水产养殖品在整个养殖过程中免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素的危害,将可能发生的食品安全危害消除在养殖过程中,而不是靠事后检验来保证养殖品的可靠性,从而提供安全卫生质量有保证的水产养殖品。目前国际上HACCP体系已不仅用于水产加工品的安全质量管理,而且在水产养殖领域广泛应用。在二十世纪90年代初期,美国就开始制定水产养殖品的HACCP操作模式。加拿大在贝类的监控工程上应用HACCP,而形成了养殖HACCP体系。泰国渔业局应…  相似文献   

4.
我国农业面源污染的核心问题是水体的氮、磷富集,目前尚无有效的工程治理方法,本研究通过有机水产养殖减轻水体的氮、磷污染。结果表明,有机水产养殖可以有效降低养殖水体的COD、无机氮和无机磷的浓度,有机海水养殖控制污染物排放的效果较有机淡水养殖更明显;有机养殖方式下严格而系统的管理措施及饵料质量的控制可能是减少氮、磷富集的主要因素。  相似文献   

5.
正一、技术名称水产健康养殖精准监控关键技术研究与示范二、技术概述1、研究背景在水产养殖过程中,水体容易遭受外源性污染及自身污染影响。外源性污染主要由工业污染、农业面源污染和生活污染导致,而水产养殖自身污染主要由养殖过程中的肥料、饲料、鱼料等投入品以及生物排泄物和底泥等引发。因此,水质监测对于水产养殖非常重要。  相似文献   

6.
《水产科技》2008,35(4)
未经处理的养殖尾水中,含有大量氨、磷等成分,是水体富营养化的主要“杀手”。江苏吴江横扇镇通过技术创新,尝试水循环利用。该“池塘养殖水净化与循环利用工程”通过调整养殖模式、调优品种结构来提高自净能力,再通过技术手段实现养殖水的循环利用,有效控制因水产养殖形成的农业面源污染。  相似文献   

7.
由于池塘养殖是一个开放性系统,长期大量的养殖用水排放已成为太湖流域农业面源污染的重要因素之一。为了减少养殖自身带来的污染,水产养殖业逐步向生产、生态的方向发展。因此,通过池塘水净化与循环利用工程实施,大力调整养殖模式,调优品种结构,充分体现水产养殖"活水、调水、净水、再利用"的作用,实现太湖流域渔业经济向优质、高效、生态发展具有重大的意义。  相似文献   

8.
国内     
江苏吴江水产养殖试水尾水循环利用未经处理的养殖尾水中,含有大量氮、磷等成分,是水体富营养化的主要杀手。江苏吴江横扇镇通过技术创新,尝试水循环利用。该池塘养殖水净化与循环利用工程通过调整养殖模式、调优品种结构来提高自净能力,再通过技术手段实现养殖水的循环利用,有效控制因水产养殖形成的农业面源污染。  相似文献   

9.
《畜禽业》2020,(5)
传统的水产养殖不利于全面提高水产品的质量,更会对养殖水体周围的生态环境造成污染,已经无法满足当前水产养殖的需求。基于此,生态水产养殖技术逐渐在水产养殖中得到了广泛的应用,对生态养殖技术在水产养殖中的应用进行分析,阐述了生态养殖技术的相关含义,然后对生态养殖技术在水产养殖中的具体应用进行了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
正重庆地处山区丘陵地带,养殖受水源限制,多数池塘靠天蓄水,池塘建设成本较高,饲料价格、池塘租金和人工成本居高不下。为实现养殖效益的最大化,多采用高密度养殖模式,高产量需投入大量饲料和鱼药,残饵粪便沉积,水质管理不科学,造成池塘水体中氮、磷等物质大量累积,水体富营养化,水生动物疾病频发,部分地区水产养殖面源污染偶有发生。为探索池塘养殖废水原位修复技术,解决渔业面源污染问题,本实验通过水质原位调控监测,研究水稻、花卉、  相似文献   

11.
对江苏灌河口周边地区点源污染及非点源污染进行了详细的调查、系统的分析,得出结论显示,灌河口CODcr污染源最大分担率是水产养殖,为70.56%;而总氮、总磷的最大分担率是农业化肥,分别为36.80%和35.27%。  相似文献   

12.
中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架构建   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近10年来,中国水产养殖业快速发展,产量大幅增加,随着绿色养殖概念的提出和总量控制制度的不断完善,水产养殖污染物排放强度明显下降,水产养殖污染物排放总量控制工作已见成效。本研究分析了水产养殖环境污染的产生与排放情况;总结了中国近年来为实现水产养殖污染物排放总量控制目标,在优化养殖布局、控制养殖环境污染、发展健康养殖和开展减排核算管理方面的工作进展;在此基础上,提出了构建中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架的思路,从源头控制、过程控制和末端控制等方面分析了目前水产养殖污染物排放存在的主要问题和控制重点,并对进一步做好污染物排放总量控制工作提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

13.
Despite the growth of aquaculture exports from developing countries to developed countries in recent years, a high percentage of these products are rejected at developed countries’ ports because of non-compliance with international standards. This paper presents a case study of the shrimp aquaculture sector in Vietnam to examine the factors behind the persistence of such port rejections. In particular, we focus on why the so-called better management practices (BMPs) are not appropriately adopted by many farmers and examine whether the number and types of information sources matter in farmers’ decisions on BMP adoption and whether BMP adoption actually leads to better performances. On the basis of our estimation using primary data collected in Southern Vietnam, we find that information sources and training experiences indeed matter in the adoption of a higher number of BMPs and that BMP adoption indeed reduces the possibility of disease outbreaks. These results prove the effectiveness of BMPs and suggest the importance of disseminating knowledge regarding them to farmers through experts.  相似文献   

14.
水产养殖主体生产影响因素判别及其作用机理启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
市场经济条件下,水产养殖主体的生产行为是其自身养殖技术水平、水产养殖物资性价比、所处区域自然气候条件、养殖水域环境状况、养殖水产品商品化程度和水产市场价格体系变化等因素综合作用的结果。为保障我国水产品的安全供给,现阶段应增加财政支渔科技投入,鼓励和支持水产养殖物资科技创新,完善水产养殖自然风险防范系统建设,大力发展人工可控性水产养殖,保护养殖水域生态环境,完善水产品批发市场建设和水产养殖财政补贴制度,发展高端特色品牌水产品养殖和订单渔业,加快水产养殖专业合作经济组织建设,引导和支持水产养殖主体经营模式多样化等措施。  相似文献   

15.
本研究从生活源污染、畜禽养殖业污染、化肥及农药施用的面源污染3个方面,分析了崂山水库上游的污染现状,并根据实地调查基础资料,对崂山水库上游污染物入库量和崂山水库的最大纳污量进行了评价,提出了崂山水库上游污染治理的建议对策。可为崂山水库污染物控制提供数据支持,并可为类似地区污染物控制管理提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The adverse environmental consequences of shrimp farming in Asia and South America have caused widespread public concern. One of the main environmental impacts is the high nutrient load that is discharged from ponds, as part of the management routine aimed at maintaining pond water quality. In Australia, where there is a high level of community awareness of the problems associated with eutrophication, the Environmental Protection Agencies are faced with the difficult task of determining effluent control policies for the emerging prawn industry.

According to the standard environmental economic arguments relating to the design of pollution control instruments, the choice of the best policy instrument depends upon the nature of the pollution problem, the costs of abatement and the transactions costs associated with administering the policy. Thus, in order to assess the appropriateness of alternative pollution control instruments it is necessary to examine the nature of the pollution problem, the technologies available for abatement, the accuracy and cost of monitoring and enforcement.

These practical aspects are examined from the perspective of the intensive prawn aquaculture industry. While there are insufficient data to conduct an empirical analysis of the relative effectiveness of alternative control measures, some of the key issues that need to be considered in designing such policies are highlighted. These issues are reviewed in the context of proposed changes to policy regulating prawn farms in Queensland.  相似文献   

17.
探讨土地利用类型变化对磷、泥沙负荷以及截留能力的影响,为制定珠溪河流域面源磷污染治理措施提供重要支撑,也为鄱阳湖流域磷污染精准防治提供科学依据。基于2010年和2018年土地利用数据,采用SWAT模型对珠溪河流域面源磷负荷、泥沙负荷以及径流进行了模拟研究,并结合水文水质实测数据对模型的模拟结果进行评价。结果表明:相关系数R 2和Nash-Suttclife模型效率系数E NS均满足SWAT模型在研究区的适用要求;泥沙与总磷的负荷强度与耕地、建设用地的覆盖率呈正相关,与林地、草地的覆盖率呈负相关,且总磷负荷强度与泥沙负荷强度有较高的重合性;2010年、2018年土地利用数据的总磷、泥沙年均入河系数分别为0.535、0.736和0.558、0.752,2个时期的泥沙与总磷入河系数中北部大于南部。控制农业生产和农村生活的污染物排放是减少面源污染的重要措施,进行退耕还林或退耕还草能有效截留污染物质以及起到防沙固土的作用。  相似文献   

18.
淡水养殖业是我国大农业的重要组成部分,目前我国淡水养殖保险普及范围小、产品覆盖种类少、保障能力有限且稳定性差,总体上仍处于初级发展阶段。本文首先从我国淡水养殖业的发展现状出发,总结了我国淡水养殖保险发展中面临的制约因素,包括行业自身风险高、防灾防损能力低、保险公司承保积极性不足等,最后基于制约因素分析,从行业自身的风险抵抗能力、健全社会化服务体系、强化政府政策指引、保险公司的产品开发、养殖户正确养殖理念的形成等方面,提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

19.
World aquaculture production in 1990 reached some 15 million tonnes, and predictions indicate that future production will reach 19.6 million tonnes by 2000, 37.5 million tonnes by 2010, and 62.4 million tonnes by 2025. Meanwhile, world fisheries production from capture will remain stable at about 100 million tonnes. Thus, all future increase in seafood supplies will have to come from aquaculture.Possibilities for development of aquaculture exist in a number of areas around the world. Technology and natural conditions determine the choice of sites and species to be produced, but current research indicates that a number of new species will be added to the present aquaculture production in the coming years. However, well-known species such as carp, tilapia, trout, salmon, turbot, halibut, cod, and sturgeon will be the most important in the immediate future. Among the crustaceans, shrimp will continue to be an important item, as will various kinds of gastropods and bivalves.Regions with a particular suitability for development of aquaculture include Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Freshwater aquaculture may also be developed on a larger scale in the former Eastern European countries, including the former Soviet Union, but here (and in Africa), political and economic constraints will slow down development for the next decade. A major constraint for development of aquaculture in Africa is the lack of infrastructure, as well as political problems, slow or deficient bureaucracies, and to some extent pollution. In Eastern Europe, development will be hindered by the lack of capital, and uncertainty about the political and economic development. Eastern Europe also has a major environmental problem, which may limit growth within this field. In Asia, space and availability of suitable sites are becoming a problem, as are pollution, diseases, and in some cases overproduction.A general constraint to global development of aquaculture may be price fluctuations, which affect the investment willingness of interested investors. This question must be seen in connection with the economics of operation. As new species are being launched, there is usually a short period of high profits, followed by a period of price reductions, and the collapse of several operators. After such turbulence, serious operators with proper management survive, and go on to operate a reasonably profitable business. The mechanism seems to be true for all new business areas, and does create a problem for sustained investor interest in aquaculture development.  相似文献   

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