共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
HACCP在水产养殖中的应用及我国应采取的措施 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
HACCP原理在水产养殖中的应用就是应用HACCP原理对水产养殖全过程进行危害分析和控制,使水产养殖品在整个养殖过程中免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素的危害,将可能发生的食品安全危害消除在养殖过程中,而不是靠事后检验来保证养殖品的可靠性,从而提供安全卫生质量有保证的水产养殖品。目前国际上HACCP体系已不仅用于水产加工品的安全质量管理,而且在水产养殖领域广泛应用。在二十世纪90年代初期,美国就开始制定水产养殖品的HACCP操作模式。加拿大在贝类的监控工程上应用HACCP,而形成了养殖HACCP体系。泰国渔业局应… 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
由于池塘养殖是一个开放性系统,长期大量的养殖用水排放已成为太湖流域农业面源污染的重要因素之一。为了减少养殖自身带来的污染,水产养殖业逐步向生产、生态的方向发展。因此,通过池塘水净化与循环利用工程实施,大力调整养殖模式,调优品种结构,充分体现水产养殖"活水、调水、净水、再利用"的作用,实现太湖流域渔业经济向优质、高效、生态发展具有重大的意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近10年来,中国水产养殖业快速发展,产量大幅增加,随着绿色养殖概念的提出和总量控制制度的不断完善,水产养殖污染物排放强度明显下降,水产养殖污染物排放总量控制工作已见成效。本研究分析了水产养殖环境污染的产生与排放情况;总结了中国近年来为实现水产养殖污染物排放总量控制目标,在优化养殖布局、控制养殖环境污染、发展健康养殖和开展减排核算管理方面的工作进展;在此基础上,提出了构建中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架的思路,从源头控制、过程控制和末端控制等方面分析了目前水产养殖污染物排放存在的主要问题和控制重点,并对进一步做好污染物排放总量控制工作提出了对策建议。 相似文献
13.
Despite the growth of aquaculture exports from developing countries to developed countries in recent years, a high percentage of these products are rejected at developed countries’ ports because of non-compliance with international standards. This paper presents a case study of the shrimp aquaculture sector in Vietnam to examine the factors behind the persistence of such port rejections. In particular, we focus on why the so-called better management practices (BMPs) are not appropriately adopted by many farmers and examine whether the number and types of information sources matter in farmers’ decisions on BMP adoption and whether BMP adoption actually leads to better performances. On the basis of our estimation using primary data collected in Southern Vietnam, we find that information sources and training experiences indeed matter in the adoption of a higher number of BMPs and that BMP adoption indeed reduces the possibility of disease outbreaks. These results prove the effectiveness of BMPs and suggest the importance of disseminating knowledge regarding them to farmers through experts. 相似文献
14.
水产养殖主体生产影响因素判别及其作用机理启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
市场经济条件下,水产养殖主体的生产行为是其自身养殖技术水平、水产养殖物资性价比、所处区域自然气候条件、养殖水域环境状况、养殖水产品商品化程度和水产市场价格体系变化等因素综合作用的结果。为保障我国水产品的安全供给,现阶段应增加财政支渔科技投入,鼓励和支持水产养殖物资科技创新,完善水产养殖自然风险防范系统建设,大力发展人工可控性水产养殖,保护养殖水域生态环境,完善水产品批发市场建设和水产养殖财政补贴制度,发展高端特色品牌水产品养殖和订单渔业,加快水产养殖专业合作经济组织建设,引导和支持水产养殖主体经营模式多样化等措施。 相似文献
15.
16.
Donna Brennan 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(5-6):325-338
Abstract The adverse environmental consequences of shrimp farming in Asia and South America have caused widespread public concern. One of the main environmental impacts is the high nutrient load that is discharged from ponds, as part of the management routine aimed at maintaining pond water quality. In Australia, where there is a high level of community awareness of the problems associated with eutrophication, the Environmental Protection Agencies are faced with the difficult task of determining effluent control policies for the emerging prawn industry. According to the standard environmental economic arguments relating to the design of pollution control instruments, the choice of the best policy instrument depends upon the nature of the pollution problem, the costs of abatement and the transactions costs associated with administering the policy. Thus, in order to assess the appropriateness of alternative pollution control instruments it is necessary to examine the nature of the pollution problem, the technologies available for abatement, the accuracy and cost of monitoring and enforcement. These practical aspects are examined from the perspective of the intensive prawn aquaculture industry. While there are insufficient data to conduct an empirical analysis of the relative effectiveness of alternative control measures, some of the key issues that need to be considered in designing such policies are highlighted. These issues are reviewed in the context of proposed changes to policy regulating prawn farms in Queensland. 相似文献
17.
探讨土地利用类型变化对磷、泥沙负荷以及截留能力的影响,为制定珠溪河流域面源磷污染治理措施提供重要支撑,也为鄱阳湖流域磷污染精准防治提供科学依据。基于2010年和2018年土地利用数据,采用SWAT模型对珠溪河流域面源磷负荷、泥沙负荷以及径流进行了模拟研究,并结合水文水质实测数据对模型的模拟结果进行评价。结果表明:相关系数R 2和Nash-Suttclife模型效率系数E NS均满足SWAT模型在研究区的适用要求;泥沙与总磷的负荷强度与耕地、建设用地的覆盖率呈正相关,与林地、草地的覆盖率呈负相关,且总磷负荷强度与泥沙负荷强度有较高的重合性;2010年、2018年土地利用数据的总磷、泥沙年均入河系数分别为0.535、0.736和0.558、0.752,2个时期的泥沙与总磷入河系数中北部大于南部。控制农业生产和农村生活的污染物排放是减少面源污染的重要措施,进行退耕还林或退耕还草能有效截留污染物质以及起到防沙固土的作用。 相似文献
18.
19.
E. Hempel 《Aquaculture International》1993,1(1):2-19
World aquaculture production in 1990 reached some 15 million tonnes, and predictions indicate that future production will reach 19.6 million tonnes by 2000, 37.5 million tonnes by 2010, and 62.4 million tonnes by 2025. Meanwhile, world fisheries production from capture will remain stable at about 100 million tonnes. Thus, all future increase in seafood supplies will have to come from aquaculture.Possibilities for development of aquaculture exist in a number of areas around the world. Technology and natural conditions determine the choice of sites and species to be produced, but current research indicates that a number of new species will be added to the present aquaculture production in the coming years. However, well-known species such as carp, tilapia, trout, salmon, turbot, halibut, cod, and sturgeon will be the most important in the immediate future. Among the crustaceans, shrimp will continue to be an important item, as will various kinds of gastropods and bivalves.Regions with a particular suitability for development of aquaculture include Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Freshwater aquaculture may also be developed on a larger scale in the former Eastern European countries, including the former Soviet Union, but here (and in Africa), political and economic constraints will slow down development for the next decade. A major constraint for development of aquaculture in Africa is the lack of infrastructure, as well as political problems, slow or deficient bureaucracies, and to some extent pollution. In Eastern Europe, development will be hindered by the lack of capital, and uncertainty about the political and economic development. Eastern Europe also has a major environmental problem, which may limit growth within this field. In Asia, space and availability of suitable sites are becoming a problem, as are pollution, diseases, and in some cases overproduction.A general constraint to global development of aquaculture may be price fluctuations, which affect the investment willingness of interested investors. This question must be seen in connection with the economics of operation. As new species are being launched, there is usually a short period of high profits, followed by a period of price reductions, and the collapse of several operators. After such turbulence, serious operators with proper management survive, and go on to operate a reasonably profitable business. The mechanism seems to be true for all new business areas, and does create a problem for sustained investor interest in aquaculture development. 相似文献