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对河口水库营养状况及渔业利用对策的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自20世纪90年代开始,对河口水库水质逐年下降,水体富营养化加剧,蓝藻水华时有暴发,但一般持续时间较短,仅3~7d。2000年暴发了严重的蓝藻水华,持续时间近4个月。2001年和2002年蓝藻水华几度暴发,直接影响了水库供水质量和水体功能的正常发挥。为有效保护水质,修复与稳定水生生态系统,控制浮游藻类的过度繁衍,2001年冬恢复放养鲢、鳙鱼种共计17万尾。2002年冬放养鲢、鳙鱼种近30万尾。2003年对河口水库蓝藻水华基本得到控制。为此就蓝藻水华生物控制与水资源保护和渔业利用对策间的相互关系进行了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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除藻技术应用现状及发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
主要论述了目前普遍使用的控制水体富营养化的几种方法,结合当前的研究、应用实例,重点阐述了生物除藻技术——微生物除藻和化感作用除藻在现实生产中应用的可行性与先进性,以及使用生物除藻技术治理水体富营养化的环保意义,并探讨了除藻技术今后的发展研究方向。 相似文献
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为了探索洋河水库富营养化和蓝藻水华暴发的原因,对水库的入库水量、水下地形、温跃层和叶绿素a含量等进行测定,分析了气候、水文和生态过程对洋河水库富营养化和藻华暴发的影响。研究结果表明,全球气候变暖导致洋河水库来水量下降,水库水力停留时间延长,夏季水温上升,为蓝藻水华暴发提供了有利的条件。洋河水库水下地形和坝前较深水位不利于大型水生植被的生长,随着外源营养盐的不断输入,引发藻类异常增殖。当随风飘到库区北部的水华蓝藻密度超过一定数量后,会对该区生长的水生植被产生毒害作用,导致水生植被消亡。洋河水库夏季产生温跃层,下层有机物的厌氧分解和水生态系统食物链的恶化,营养盐滞留时间和水体中浓度增加,同时渔业资源锐减,鲢、鳙数量下降,从而导致蓝藻水华大暴发。洋河水库富营养化和蓝藻水华暴发是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果,只有加强外源和内源污染控制,同时进行水生态系统的调控,才能有效改善洋河水库的水环境质量。 相似文献
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摘要:西北地区是我国最干旱的地区,水库在西北地区的工农业生产、渔业养殖、水利调度、防洪以及气候调节等方面发挥着极为重要的作用。外源污染的过量输入、来水量下降和补水不足、气温升高、生态系统受损是西北地区水库水体富营养化的成因。应对西北地区不同类型水库进行基础调查,了解水库水质状况和营养水平,有针对性的实施投放鱼食性鱼类或人工控制浮游动物食性鱼类、投放滤食性鱼类、投放螺、蚌、贝类等水生动物和人工调控水生植被等生物操纵技术。 相似文献
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关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。 相似文献
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20 0 1年我们与河北水利厅合作 ,特聘请上海水产大学的专家对我们这里的三座水库进行资源调查 ,专家们认为小海子水库是天然的养蟹基地。这是一个浅碟型平原型水库 ,库底平坦 ,水草丰茂 ,枯水季节生长的水草可达水面 70 %左右 ,底部腐植淤泥层厚 15cm左右 ,水色呈绿褐色 ,透明度在5 0~ 80cm ,日照时间长 ,日照数波动在 12 2 7~2 74 8h ,年平均气温为 13 5℃ ,日平均气温变动在 - 4 7~ 2 8 2℃之间 ,库区最高气温 39 8℃ ,最低 - 13 8℃ ,月平均水温变化为 2 4~ 2 2 9℃之间 ,月平均最高水温在 7月和 8月 ,最低在 12月和 1月。由于水… 相似文献
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为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13.0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现:logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为(r2=0.908);研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异(体长:P >0.05;体质量:P >0.05)。 相似文献
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César Salazar Marcela Jaime Yanina Figueroa Rodrigo Fuentes 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2018,22(2):151-167
In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations. 相似文献
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C.D. de Silva 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(4):339-349
An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed. 相似文献
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M. W. APRAHAMIAN P. HICKLEY B. A. SHIELDS G. W. MAWLE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2010,17(2):93-105
Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ~1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge. 相似文献
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To validate the involvement of meiobenthos in cellulose breakdown in wetlands, meiobenthos were collected from sediments of
Lake Furen and the Biwase River in Hokkaido Prefecture, the Kako River in Hyogo Prefecture, and the Chinai River in Shiga
Prefecture. Cellulase activities of the meiobenthos were measured by cellulose zymographic analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. The results showed that most of
the Turbellaria, Nematoda, Harpacticoida, and Oligochaeta species exhibited cellulase activity. The molecular sizes of the
cellulase-active bands of the sediments in Lake Furen, the Biwase River, and the Chinai River coincided with those of meiobenthos.
The findings suggest that meiobenthos might play a major function in cellulose breakdown in these wetlands. This paper is
the first to report cellulase activity in meiobenthos and that they are possibly involved in the breakdown of cellulose in
wetlands. 相似文献