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1.
为了解贵州白云岩喀斯特世界自然遗产地浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2017年秋季(10月)、2018年冬季(1月)、2018年春季(4月)、2018年夏季(8月)对遗产地境内黄洲河流域的浮游植物群落种类组成、优势种、丰度以及多样性的时空变化进行研究,并应用Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析(RDA)探究环境因子总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、水温(WT)对黄洲河浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,调查共鉴定出藻类6门、29科、37属、38种,以硅藻门和绿藻门居多。按季节划分,黄洲河流域优势种共9种,其中硅藻门5种,?绿藻门1种,?蓝藻门3?种;按空间划分,黄洲河流域优势种共19种,其中硅藻门9种,绿藻门4种,蓝藻门6种。浮游植物年均丰度为36.45×104个/L,夏季的丰度最高,达到89.7×104个/L,春秋季次之,冬季最低,仅8.9×104个/L。全年Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon多样性指数(H)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)分别为0.34 ~0.51、1.18~1.4及0.72~0.84。Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析(RDA) 表明,影响遗产地浮游植物丰度和分布的主要环境因子为WT、CODMn、Chl-a。  相似文献   

2.
2009年的枯水期(5月)和丰水期(7月),在桃山水库对浮游植物结构群落和水质状况进行了调查研究,结合生物监测和理化监测手段,基于浮游植物优势度、丰度、优势度以及综合指数评价方法,对研究水库进行了生态评价。结果显示:(1)桃山水库浮游植物共有7门46属73种及变种,其中以绿藻为主,分别占44 %;(2)生物量在2.29-10.96 mg﹒L-1之间,丰度变幅在(38.76-124.44)×105 ind.﹒L-1之间;(3)枯水期优势种以硅藻为主,丰水期优势种以以蓝藻、绿藻为主;(4)综合营养指数为42.0-60.1。综合评价结果表明:桃山水库枯水期和丰水期水质营养状态为轻富营养化,化学需氧量是影响桃山水库浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

3.
为了了解亚热带河流型水库蓄水后的水体富营养化状况与浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年1月至2007年12月,对其进行了20次采样调查。结果表明,分水江水库总氮浓度较高平均值大于2mg/L,氮污染严重,磷污染较轻,水质总体评价较差。分水江水库浮游植物密度范围在0.07×105 ~16831×105ind./L,群落组成以硅藻、隐藻和绿藻为主,在丰度上水库浮游植物主要以富营养指示种为主。浮游植物组成随季节变化而有不同,春季以直链藻(Melosira)、实球藻(Pandorina)、盘星藻(Pediastrum)为优势类群,夏季以微囊藻(Microcystis)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena)、脆杆藻(Fragilaria)为优势类群,秋冬季以小环藻(Cyclotella)、针杆藻(Synedra)、蓝隐藻(Chroomonas)为主。分水江水库浮游植物密度、叶绿素a与降雨量均呈显著正相关,浮游植物的生长受水文特征变化的影响较大,这也间接说明分水江水库受面源污染比较严重。浮游植物与理化因子也有较强的相关性,特别是水温、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数和总磷均与浮游植物呈显著正相关,但是总氮浓度较高且与浮游植物不相关,说明氮元素不是水库藻类生长的限制因子。  相似文献   

4.
高州水库浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
摘要:为掌握高州水库浮游植物群落结构变化规律及其与环境因子的关系,2011年4月至2012年3月对高州水库浮游植物群落周年动态进行调查和分析。结果表明:高州水库共鉴定浮游植物7门97种,库区浮游植物细胞密度年变化范围为7.8×105-9.72×106 cells/L;全年主要优势种为铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数分析结果显示,高州水库各区域属于中污染状态;CCA分析结果表明,氮磷营养盐是影响高州水库浮游植物群落分布的重要因子,温度、pH与CODMn对浮游植物群落分布也有一定程度的影响。  相似文献   

5.
为揭示西藏巴松错浮游植物群落结构的水平和垂直分布特征及其与环境间的关系,于2020年7月对巴松错出入河流及其湖体15个采样点和湖中心B15采样点11个分层的浮游植物进行了调查,同时测定了水体相关理化指标。调查共采集水样275个,分析了浮游植物物种组成、细胞丰度、生物量和物种多样性等群落结构特征,并探讨浮游植物对水平和垂直环境梯度变化的响应。结果表明:(1)巴松错夏季共鉴定浮游植物167种,隶属于5门8纲20目29科66属,物种组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型;(2)在水平方向上,平均细胞丰度为1.8453×104 cells/L,平均生物量为0.0117 mg/L;在垂直方向上,平均细胞丰度为1.0055×104 cells/L,平均生物量为0.0061 mg/L;(3)巴松错夏季浮游植物群落结构水平分布较为均匀,群落复杂程度相对较高,较垂直分布更稳定;(4)RDA分析结果表明,EC是影响巴松错夏季浮游植物水平群落变异的主要环境因子,TUR是影响垂直变异的主要环境因子。本研究结果为进一步研究高寒湖泊生态系统提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
为研究河流型水库浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的关系,对湖北恩施大龙潭水库水环境因子和浮游植物进行调查,利用Pearson相关性分析法对调查结果进行分析。水库在调查期间共鉴定到186种藻类,隶属于7门89属,其中硅藻门(79种)>绿藻门(55种)>蓝藻门(29种)>甲藻门(9种)>隐藻门(7种)>裸藻门(6种)>金藻门(1种)。Margalef丰富度指数平均值在0.94~1.30,依据丰富度指数水质评判标准判断水质整体为中污染。水库浮游植物总细胞密度在夏季较高,在冬季显著下降。水库从夏季至秋冬季节浮游植物总细胞密度在3.889×105~282.983×105cell/L的区间内变化,其均值为79.864×105cell/L。Pearson相关性分析表明,浮游植物总密度与温度、溶解氧、pH、总磷、高锰酸盐指数呈极显著正相关;与电导率、硝酸盐氮呈极显著负相关。冗余分析表明,温度、pH和高锰酸盐指数是影响水库浮游植物群落结构最主要的环境因子。大龙潭水库较高的海拔和较大的流域面积,有利于硅藻生长;水库年平均水深较深,蓝藻通过水流运动停留在水库上层成为优势种群。  相似文献   

7.
为了解亚热带河流型水库-分水江水库蓄水后的水体富营养化状况与浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年1月至2007年12月,对其进行了20次采样调查。结果表明,分水江水库总氮浓度较高,平均值大于2mg/L,氮污染严重,磷污染较轻,水质总体评价较差,为劣V水体。分水江水库浮游植物群落组成以硅藻、隐藻和绿藻为主,密度为0.7×10^4-168310×10。个/L,以富营养种类为主。浮游植物组成随季节变化而有所不同,春季以直链藻(Melosira)、实球藻(Pandorina)、盘星藻(Pediastrum)为优势类群;夏季以微囊藻(Microcystis)、鱼腥藻(Ana-baena)、脆杆藻(Fragilaria)为优势类群;秋冬季以小环藻(Cyclotella)、针杆藻(Synedra)、蓝隐藻(Chroomonas)为主。分水江水库浮游植物密度、叶绿素a与降雨量均呈显著正相关,浮游植物的生长受水文气象条件变化的影响较大,间接说明分水江水库受面源污染比较严重。浮游植物密度和叶绿素a与水体理化因子也有较强的相关性,特别是水温、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数和总磷均与浮游植物呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

8.
里下河腹地位于江淮两大水系交融地带,人类活动严重影响区域水生态环境。鉴于浮游植物群落结构及多样性可作为水环境变化重要指示生物,于2015-2017年对里下河腹地典型湖泊大纵湖浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行逐月采样调查,分别采用藻类生物学指标和综合营养指数对大纵湖营养状态进行综合评价,并且基于相关性分析法,探讨浮游植物与水环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,大纵湖在调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门、123种,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻为主,分别为50、35、18种,占总种数的40.65%、28.46%、14.63%。全湖各采样点浮游植物的平均丰度为3.70×106 ~6.25×106 个/L;空间上略有差异,夏季藻类丰度较高,冬季最低。大纵湖各个采样点浮游植物优势种基本相同,共8种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.74和0.78,表明大纵湖处于轻-中度污染状态。综合营养指数显示,大纵湖处于轻度富营养状态,两者结果基本一致。相关性分析表明,水温(T)、透明度(SD)、浊度(TUB)和总氮(TN)是影响大纵湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。  相似文献   

9.
在京杭运河苏北段秋冬两季开展水环境监测和浮游植物调查,为京杭运河苏北段的水生态环境保护提供参考。2020 年 10 月(秋季)和 2021 年 1 月(冬季),对京杭运河苏北段布设的 16 个采样点开展了系统的水环境和浮游植物调查,根据Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、 Pielou 均匀度指数和浮游植物细胞丰度进行了水质及水体营养状态的评价,利用 Pearson 相关性分析明确了浮游植物与环境因子的关系。结果显示:京杭运河苏北段秋冬季共采集到浮游植物 8 门 101 种,其中秋季 7 门 52 种、冬季 5 门 63 种,秋冬季均是以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,2个门类的种类数在秋冬季浮游植物种类总数的占比分别达到了 73% 和 82%;秋季浮游植物细胞丰度均值为 49.1×104 个/L,生物量均值为 0.344 mg/L,冬季浮游植物细胞丰度均值为 15.0×104 个/L,生物量均值为 0.193 mg/L;秋冬季浮游植物优势种主要以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)和绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为主;秋季浮游植物的多样性评价结果优于冬季,秋冬季水体营养状态均为中营养型,相关性分析表明氮对京杭运河苏北段浮游植物群落结构的影响大于磷;另外,行船引起的水体扰动也是造成浮游植物群落差异的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
为了探究安谷水电站建成后浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2015年5月至2016年9月对其所在的大渡河河口开展了调查。结果表明,调查区域共采集到浮游植物7门、49属、138种,主要由硅藻(种类数占71.02%)、绿藻(15.95%)、蓝藻(9.42%)、裸藻(1.45%)组成。大渡河河口主河道浮游植物种类数较高,特别是安谷水电站坝下断面最高。浮游植物密度为31.20×104~66.69×104个/L,其组成以硅藻为主,秋季浮游植物密度高于春季。大渡河主河道各样点浮游植物密度水平分布变化大,安谷水电站库区和坝下样点密度显著高于调查河段的其他样点。对比安谷水库蓄水前后,浮游植物种类的季节分布无明显差异,而密度的季节分布则差异明显;浮游植物群落的空间分布发生了显著变化,特别是安谷水电站库区和坝下浮游植物种类和密度明显增加。Person相关性分析显示,影响浮游植物密度的主要因子是水温、流速、透明度,与氮、磷元素的浓度则未显出相关性;RDA分析表明,水温、溶解氧、流速、透明度、总氮是影响浮游植物组成的主要因素。安谷水电站的建设使得水体理化指标及水文情势分布因素发生改变,对浮游植物群落的时空分布造成了直接影响,特别是电站库区和坝下,浮游植物的种类和密度变化明显。  相似文献   

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12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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