大菱鲆选育家系雌、雄群体的生长发育差异

采用全长/体长、体高/体长、全长/体高和体质量为评价指标,分别对9~33月龄大菱鲆雌、雄群体在生长发育过程中体型的动态变化及生长性能差异进行了比较。大菱鲆雌、雄群体形态比较结果显示,雌、雄群体的全长/体长、体高/体长、全长/体高在不同发育阶段呈现特有的变化,但在雌、雄群体间,除33月龄的体高/体长和全长/体高差异达到显著水平外,3项指标在不同阶段没有差异或差异不显著,即可以认为,对于统计初始体质量相同或相近的大菱鲆雌、雄群体,全长/体长、体高/体长和全长/体高3个形态比例指标是随发育时间序列同步变化。基于Logistic模型对大菱鲆雌、雄群体生长性能的比较结果显示,雌性群体的拐点月龄、拐点体质量和最大月增重均大于雄性群体;对于雌性和雄性群体的瞬时增长率,除在9~13月龄雌性群体稍低于雄性群体外,13~33月龄的雌性群体均高于雄性群体,且随着生长发育和体质量差异的增大,雌、雄瞬时增长率的差异也呈增大趋势;雄性群体进入快速生长期的始速点和进入缓慢生长期的终速点均比雌性群体提前,雄性群体的快速生长期时间区间长度小于雌性群体,其对应的体质量区间长度也小于雌性群体,雌性群体在快速生长期的月增重显著高于雄性群体。研究表明,大菱鲆雌、雄群体在生长发育过程中存在着显著的生长差异,而形态差异不显著。     

金鳟日本品系不同家系提纯复壮后生长性能的比较

本实验通过人工授精技术和苗种标准化培育方法建立16组金鳟(Oncorhyncus mykiss)日本品系全同胞家系。运用方差分析、多重比较等方法分析不同家系不同时期的生长性能。结果显示:不同时期各组家系间平均体长、体重存在显著性差异,其中在5月龄阶段,J7家系增重最快,绝对增重率比全部家系的均值高38.83%,比增重最慢的家系J25高98.66%,表现出明显的生长优势;9月龄阶段,J7家系增重最快,绝对增重率比全部家系均值高25.93%,比增重最慢的家系J27高85.37%;12月龄时,J7家系增重最快,绝对增重率比全部家系均值高27.68%,比增重最慢的家系J25高58.27%,但不同月龄阶段各组家系的绝对增重率及体重值排序并不一致;金鳟日本品系个体体重性状的变异系数高于体长性状的变异系数,1月龄、5月龄、9月龄、12月龄体重的变异系数分别为34.34%、30.60%、27.91%、27.06%,体长的变异系数分别为10.34%、10.31%、9.91%、9.40%。在整个生长测量过程中,J7、J11、J15三个家系,无论是体长还是体重都表现出较优的生长速度和增长量,生长优势明显,可以判断J7、J11、J15家系为优秀家系。研究结果为进一步的选育提供了良好的材料。     

大菱鲆不同进口群体杂交后代的早期生长差异

2003-2005年间,分5批收集不同批次进口的大菱鲆群体,从各群体中挑选性腺发育良好的个体,利用人工授精技术,通过不平衡巢式交配设计,构建了5种杂交组合,测试其杂交子一代生长性能,为培育优良的大菱鲆养殖新品种提供基础资料.5个杂交组合共生产31个家系,在初孵仔鱼第25天和第80天,从每个家系随机取样50尾,测定其体长、体重等性状值,计算各杂交组合和家系25～80 d的绝对增重率,通过方差分析、聚类分析比较各组合、家系间的生长性能的差异,并对不同家系25 d和80 d的体长体重相关性进行了分析.结果表明:杂交组合25 d、80 d体重性状间存在较大变异,80 d体重LSD多重比较显示丹麦与法国进口群体的杂交组合(D×F)子一代生长优于其它杂交组合.系统聚类分析表明,丹麦×智利(D×C)组合与丹麦×法国(D×F)组合生长性能较为接近聚为一类,丹麦×西班牙(D×S)组合、丹麦×英国(D×E)组合和英国×西班牙(E×S)3个组合聚为一类,且前者的生长速度高于后者.家系间生长性能聚类分析表明,生长速度最快的家系分布在不同的杂交组合,80 d体重的组合内家系间方差分析也表明组合内家系间存在较大变异.组合间和家系间生长分析发现大部分组合和家系在25 d和80 d的体长、体重性状值排序上不一致.家系相关分析表明,25 d体长、体重与80 d体长、体重间相关系数(0.132、0.096)和决定系数(0.017、0.009)均较小,25 d体长体重对80 d体长体重的影响甚微.     

大菱鲆“多宝1号”

正育种单位:中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、烟台开发区天源水产有限公司品种简介:该品种是以2002年~2003年从英国、法国、丹麦和挪威分别引进的4个地理群体的大菱鲆构建基础群体,以生长速度和成活率为选育指标,经过1代群体选育、2代家系选育,培育出快速生     

团头鲂5个选育群体2龄阶段生长性能比较

为评估团头鲂5个选育群体的配套系育种潜力,采用剪鳍标志和同池比较法对5个团头鲂选育群体(编号A~E)进行了为期12个月的2龄阶段生长性能比较。结果显示,5个选育群体2龄鱼试验末体质量为925.64~1123.86 g;5个选育群体的特定增重率为0.44~0.49%/d,绝对增重率为2.03~2.56 g/d,体质量变异系数为13.35%~22.01%,成活率为73.33%~93.00%。LSD多重比较分析表明,A群体、B群体、C群体在特定增重率、绝对增重率、体质量变异系数和成活率等方面的表现均显著(P0.05)优于D群体和E群体。本研究结果表明A群体、B群体和C群体具备用作配套系育种亲本的优势。     

大菱鲆4个进口群体的形态差异分析

选择2003～2004年进口的4个大菱鲆不同进口群体(英国、法国1、法国2、法国3),测定了其全长、体长、头长、吻长、体高、尾柄高和尾柄长等7项形态性状.采用聚类、主成分分析和判别分析3种多元分析方法,对大菱鲆的6项比例形态性状参数进行比较研究.聚类分析与主成分分析结果均表明,法国1和法国2群体间形态最接近,而与英国群体、法国3群体的趋异程度较大.主成分分析构建了两个主成分,其贡献率:主成分1为61.069%,主成分2为34.343%,累计贡献率为95.412%.以判别分析建立了4个群体的判别函数,判别准确率分别为46.7%～80.0%(P1)和51.7%～77.4%(P2),综合判别率为62.5%.3种多元分析结果表明,4个大菱鲆群体在形态上已经产生一定程度的差异,且集中表现在全长、体长、头长、吻长和尾柄长这5个形态性状指标上.     

大菱鲆“多宝1号”

正大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus),为原产于欧洲的海水养殖特有良种,具有生长迅速、肉味鲜美、经济价值高等优点;但近年来有种质退化现象。为此,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所采用群体选育的方法,以快速生长和高成活率为选育目标,对来源于英国、法国、丹麦和挪威4个不同群体的大菱鲆进行遗传改     

人工养殖条件下大海马幼鱼的生长

在人工养殖条件下 ,研究大海马 (HippocampuskudaBleeker)幼鱼的生长特性及其成活率。结果表明 ,大海马幼鱼的最大增长率为 1 5 88% ,最大增重率为 52 94% ,最小增长率为 2 80 % ,最小增重率为 8 0 5 % ,群体增重倍数为 7 2 0 ,幼鱼的平均日增长率和日增重率分别为 0 44mm/d和0 0 0 5 2g/d。大海马幼鱼体长与日龄的关系式为L =1 5 2 8+0 40 6 5T ,体重与日龄的关系式为W=1 865× 1 0 -4 T1 6872 ,体重与体长的关系式为W =6 884× 1 0 -6L2 762 2 。大海马幼鱼的成活率为90 4%。     

伊犁河三支流新疆裸重唇鱼的生长特性研究

研究新疆裸重唇鱼渔获物的年龄结构、生长特性及生长与环境的关系，丰富新疆裸重唇鱼的基础生物学资料，为伊犁河新疆裸重唇鱼资源保护提供科学依据。2013年3月至2014年5月，分别在新疆伊犁河支流特克斯河、喀什河和巩乃斯河采集103、139和179尾新疆裸重唇鱼样本（同时采集相关环境因子数据），测量全长、体长和称体重，以耳石磨片为主要年龄鉴定材料。新疆裸重唇鱼体长、体重和年龄分布范围，特克斯河为46~244mm、1.1 ~201.0g、1~ 6龄，喀什河为49~285mm、1.5 ~214.2g、0~ 6龄，巩乃斯河为50~383mm、0.8~312.8g、1~ 7龄。特克斯河新疆裸重唇鱼群体的体长和体重分布与喀什河群体和巩乃斯河群体差异均显著，喀什河群体的体长和体重分布与巩乃斯河群体无显著性差异。喀什河群体与特克斯河群体和巩乃斯河群体生长方程均不存在显著性差异，而特克斯河群体与巩乃斯河群体体长与体重生长方程存在显著性差异。新疆裸重唇鱼种群总体的b值与3不存在显著性差异，为匀速生长鱼类。新疆裸重唇鱼生长的地域性差异与海拔、流速呈负相关，与水温和饵料丰度呈正相关。新疆裸重唇鱼在巩乃斯河生长最快，喀什河次之，在特克斯河生长最慢。     

虹鳟完全双列杂交试验生长性状遗传分析

通过来自渤海、丹麦、道氏、挪威和美国加州的5个虹鳟(Onchorynchus mykiss)养殖群体的完全双列杂交试验,分别在第249天、397天、552天和771天4个时间点观测了体重和体长变化。多重比较分析发现,20个杂交组合与对应5个自繁系之间在体重或体长性状上存在显著差异(P0.05)。采用最小二乘分析法估算了不同时间点体重和体长的一般配合力、特殊配合力、反交效应、母体效应及自繁效应值。结果显示,只有少数的遗传效应是显著存在的,而且这些遗传效应在不同性状和不同时间点的表现不尽相同。整个观测过程中,渤海群体和道氏杂交组合的体重和体长生长速度都是最快的,并且在体长上与对应的自繁系比较差异显著(P0.05)。体重性状上,道氏群体的一般配合力在249日龄和397日龄时最大,且均显著存在(P0.05);母体效应在249日龄时显著存在(P0.05),其效应值仅次于丹麦群体。体长性状上,道氏群体的母体效应在249日龄和397日龄时最大,且均显著存在(P0.05)。在所有杂交组合中,渤海和道氏杂交组合最为高效,体重性状上,整个观测过程中其特殊配合力为最大;体长性状上,其特殊配合力均为正值(0.30,0.03,0.17,2.55),在771日龄时为最大,并显著存在(P0.05)。研究表明,以道氏群体作为亲本之一可有效提高虹鳟后代生长性能,渤海和道氏群体的杂交组合效果最好,可以作为选育的基础群体。     

Juvenile growth of two tilapia species in lakes Naivasha and Baringo, Kenya

Abstract –  Tilapia species in East African lakes often form the basis of commercial fisheries, with information on their population biology assisting their management. This study utilised otolith microstructure, with validation by modal progression analysis, to provide growth data for two tilapia species in two Kenyan lakes for the first time. Otolith microstructure revealed the growth rate of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis , a sub-species endemic to Lake Baringo, was fast compared with populations of Oreochromis niloticus ; mean daily growth rates were >0.50 mm·d⁻¹ in fish between 12 and 53 mm total length. Growth of Oreochromis leucostictus in Lake Naivasha was also relatively fast when compared with the growth rates of other tilapia species, with mean daily growth rates of approximately 0.35–0.48 mm·d⁻¹ in fish between 10 and 56 mm total length. Growth rates of both species were well described by the Gompertz model and were corroborated by modal progression analysis that revealed similar daily growth rates in modes of young-of-the-year fish.     

Age and growth of the Critically Endangered flapper skate,Dipturus intermedius

1. Knowledge of vital data such as growth and age at maturity is necessary to develop effective management strategies for endangered species. The Critically Endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) is the largest skate in the North Atlantic and growth information, necessary to assess key life-history traits, populations’ growth rates and anticipate their response to management measures, is still lacking.
2. While classical age estimation methods used in fish generally require the analysis of calcified structures, destructive methods are incompatible with conservation objectives for this species. Taking advantage of the high recreational value of the flapper skate, this study uses citizen-science data originating from photo-identification of trophy pictures and tag–recapture data supported by anglers to estimate growth in this Critically Endangered species. Using the growth increments measured between recapture events, an individual-based Von Bertalanffy growth model was fitted to the data using Bayesian inference.
3. The results confirm that the flapper skate is a long-lived species with ages estimated as >40 years for the largest individuals captured. Despite this longevity, the model reveals a relatively fast initial growth but relatively late ages at maturity and significant sex-related differences in both growth rate and maximum size.
4. These results suggest that population growth rate, and therefore recovery, might be much slower than previously reported. By using citizen science this study provides the necessary information to begin understanding population dynamics and monitor the recovery of an iconic Critically Endangered species.

     

Growth studies on juvenile tilapia using pure species, hormone-treated and nine interspecific hybrids

Abstract. The comparative growth performance of the juveniles of six pure tilapia species, Oreochromis mossambicus , O. spilurus , O. macrochir , O. aureus , O. niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus were assessed under standardized conditions in a recirculated water system. The effects of standardized treatments of 17α methyltestosterone and 17β estradiol were assessed by comparison with untreated controls of O. niloticus , O. mossambicus and O. aureus and the growth performance of nine interspecific hybrids in comparison to their parental species were studied.
The results showed significant differences in growth rate for the strains of the pure species under the conditions used. Standardized hormone treatment had significant effects on sex ratios and growth performance of all the species studied but did not change their overall performance ranking when compared to the pure species. No hybrid performed significantly better than the best parent for SGR although O. aureus × O. niloticus hybrid was significantly better than O. niloticus when corrected weight gain was used. This work shows that species choice hormone treatment and hybridization have implications for tilapia culture.     

Effect of catch-and-release angling on growth of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

Catch‐and‐release angling is popular in many parts of the world and plays an increasingly important role in management of recreational fisheries. Although the magnitude of catch‐and‐release mortality is well documented for many species, potential sublethal effects have been little studied. An experiment was conducted to assess directly the effects of catch‐and‐release angling on growth of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacépède. Angling mortality was 0.00 ± 0.092% for largemouth bass caught on plastic grubs. There was no difference (P = 0.57) in weight gain between caught and uncaught fish over a 40‐day angling and recovery period. Although catch‐and‐release angling appears to have no effect on largemouth bass growth, previous studies documented sublethal effects on growth and reproduction in other species, suggesting that the occurrence and magnitude of sublethal effects vary among species.     

Dietary protein, growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of juvenile blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo (Brunnich)

When considering new marine species for Mediterranean aquaculture, blackspot seabream emerges as a potential candidate. However, there are scarce data on the nutritional requirements and optimal growth conditions of this species. A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein on growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of blackspot seabream (23 g). Five isolipidic diets (12%) with graded levels of protein (20–60%) were distributed, twice a day, to duplicate groups of fish, until satiation. Growth increased significantly with increasing dietary protein up to 40%, but higher protein levels induced a similar daily growth index (1.4). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased with increasing levels of dietary protein (4.2–1.6). No significant differences were detected in protein of whole body blackspot seabream among treatments, but fat percentage decreased with increasing dietary protein. Dry matter and energy digestibility showed a concomitant increase with the reduction in dietary wheat meal, attaining maximal values with high protein diets. These results suggested that the most favourable values for growth and FCR are obtained with diets containing 40% protein. However, the excessive lipid deposition reveals that more nutritional studies are necessary before the species can be established in aquaculture.     

Meta‐analysis of growth rates for a circumpolar fish,the northern pike ( Esox lucius), with emphasis on effects of continent,climate and latitude

For circumpolar species, little is known on how somatic growth rates can vary at large, transcontinental spatial scales. In this study, a meta‐analysis of growth rates was conducted for northern pike ( Esox lucius) across North America and Eurasia. Growth rates of northern pike did not differ between North American and ‘coastal Eurasian’ pike (e.g., UK, Ireland, Sweden), while growth rates for both of these groups were significantly higher compared to ‘inland Eurasian’ pike (mainly in Russia). There was no difference in growth between lentic and lotic habitats on either continent. In North America, pike growth was positively correlated with temperature, but in Eurasia, pike growth correlated poorly with most climatic variables. Similarly, maximum longevity in pike populations was significantly predicted by latitude in North America, but not in Eurasia. After standardising annual pike growth by the thermal opportunity for growth, a highly significant countergradient growth relationship was found for North American pike, while a significant, but considerably less predictive countergradient growth relationship was found for Eurasian pike. This study provides novel insights into the ecology of a circumpolar species and how populations function at extraordinarily large spatial scales. First, pike appear to be cosmopolitan across hydrologic habitats having fast or slow growth in either lentic or lotic environments. Secondly, continental‐scale differences in pike growth rates are suggestive of major genetic and life‐history differences. Finally, variable climate–growth relationships and countergradient growth patterns indicate that global climate change is likely to affect circumpolar fishes like pike in complex, nonlinear ways.     

Influence of Stocking Density on Growth and Physiological Responses of Beluga,Huso huso (Brandt, 1869), and Ship Sturgeon,Acipenser nudiventris (Lovetsky, 1828), Juveniles in a Flow‐through System

The influence of three different initial stocking densities (low stocking density [LSD] = 1.5 kg/m²; medium stocking density [MSD] = 3 kg/m²; and high stocking density [HSD] = 6 kg/m²) in flow‐through systems was evaluated on growth and welfare in beluga, Huso huso, and ship sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris, juveniles for 2 mo. Fish were kept in 18 concrete square tanks (2.0 × 1.0 × 1.2 m³) at 22.3 ± 0.4 C and under a natural photoperiod. In both species, the growth performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake significantly decreased with increasing stocking density (P < 0.05). In both species, the percent of neutrophils increased after 60 d of trial (P < 0.05). Moreover, hematocrit and white blood cell counts increased after 60 d of trial in ship sturgeon (P < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin significantly decreased with increasing stocking density in both species. Plasma insulin‐like growth factor I decreased with increasing stocking density in beluga; however, it was not affected in ship sturgeon. Overall, these results showed that the LSD group in both species demonstrated more homogeneous and higher growth rate than the MSD and HSD groups.     

Hybrids as potential mediators spreading non-native genes: Comparison of survival,growth, and movement among native,introduced and their hybrid salmonids

Comparing multiple fitness components and potential movement of wild hybrids with their parental species is necessary to fully understand the consequences of human-mediated introgression, but studies tracking both parental species and their hybrids at the individual-level are limited. Here, we compared growth, survival and movement of sympatric introduced brook trout (BT: Salvelinus fontinalis) and native white-spotted charr (WSC: S. leucomaenis) with their hybrids (HYB) in a northern Japanese stream, using mark-recapture data (1,087 marked individuals) collected over 4 years (2013–2016). The mark-recapture data with a single cohort showed that HYB had a comparable or even higher growth rate to BT and WSC. In addition, there is no evidence that hybrid survival was lower than both parental species throughout the entire study period. Furthermore, HYB showed high mobility equivalent to WSC, while BT showed the lowest mobility. Although our previous studies have documented the reduction of BT distribution and lowered reproductive success of HYB, non-native genes can pose a threat to native WSC via relatively high survival, growth and/or mobility of HYB.     

Appropriate Timing of Supplemental Feeding for Production of Nile Tilapia, Silver Carp, and Common Carp in Fertilized Polyculture Ponds

In an attempt to identify appropriate times for initial application of supplemental feed in polyculture fertilized fish production earthen ponds, a study was conducted for 19 wk to establish the growth performance, yield, survival, and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp, and silver carp as influenced by four different feeding regimens (treatments). The four treatments were: 1) supplemental feeding beginning at onset of the experiment (T-I) (control treatment); 2) 6-wk delay of feeding after fish stocking (T-II); 3) 13-wk delay of feeding after fish stocking (T-III), and 4) no supplemental feed application (T-IV). Two ponds were assigned to each treatment and each pond was stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. A commercial pelleted fish feed (25% protein) was used to feed fish in T-I, T-II, and T-III at 3% of their body weight, twice a day. At the end of the experiment, fish species (except for silver carp) in T-II showed weight gain, growth rates, and yields significantly higher than fish in T-III or T-IV. Also, the total fish production and net profit in T-II were significantly higher than in T-III or T-IV. Fish species in T-II showed weight gain, growth rates, survival rates, and yields similar to those of T-I (control treatment) with no significant differences. The amount of feed consumed by fish in T-II was reduced by approximately 7.3% compared to that consumed by fish at T-I. Moreover, there was increase in th net profit in T-II by 4.8% over that achieved in T-I. Therefore, T-II appears to be the most appropriate among the tested feeding treatments and recommended for use in order to achieve the best growth, production, and net profit.     

Effect of Ozone Treatment on Cultures of Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, and Chaetoceros gracilis

This research evaluated ozone treatment of three unicellular algal species commonly used in the culture of marine larvae. Isochrvsis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata were found to be resistant to total residual oxidants (TRO); whereas, Chaetoceros gracilis was relatively sensitive to TRO. Isochrvsis galbana remained in log-phase growth after treatment with 0.05 mg/L to 0.50 mg/L TRO, and N. oculata exhibited strong growth after being exposed to TRO levels up to 0.67 mg/L. Only TRO levels of 0.92 mg/L and 0.90 tng/L reduced cell counts of N. oculata and I. galbana , respectively. Furthermore, algal cultures having higher concentrations at the time of ozone treatment may respond more favorably to the treatment. Initially, C. gracilis was reduced in cell count at TRO levels above 0.06 mg/L, but log-phase growth was resumed 2 d after exposure to TRO levels as high as 0.31 mg/L. It is concluded that I. galbana and N. oculata can be successfully treated with ozone in the mass production stages without hampering the timely production of concentrated cultures. Although C. gracilis was found to be relatively sensitive, ozone treatment of starter cultures can be performed routinely with this species. We have demonstrated that ozone treatment of algal cultures is a feasible technique, but studies need to be conducted on ozone treatment of other species of unicellular algae and on ozone treatment of varying concentrations of algae in order to enhance the applications of this technique. Also, in order to determine the extent of disinfection of algal cultures, bacterial and viral composition of the cultures should be evaluated in future studies.