不同营养盐对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris Beij.) 培养的影响

在25℃,光照4,5001x的条件下,通过正交实验的方法考察不同浓度的C、N、P营养盐配方对小球藻生长及胞内多糖含量的影响.结果表明利于小球藻生长,胞内多糖含量积累的营养元素的优化组合分别为NaHCO30.15g/l、NaNO30.15g/l、NaH2PO40.012g/l;NaHCO30.10g/l、NaNO30.30g/l、NaH2PO40.006g/l.微量元素和维生素的加入量同f/2配方中的量.与之对应的细胞密度为3.7×107个细胞/ml;多糖含量为12.527mg/cell.     

一株水产芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其培养基优化的研究

对从水产养殖环境中筛选出一株菌MM01进行了鉴定和培养条件优化研究。结果显示:此菌MM01能有效的降低养殖水水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐含量,经生理生化实验及16S rDNA测序鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌。单因素和正交实验结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌MM01最佳发酵培养基配方为,玉米淀粉18 g/L、玉米浆12 g/L、NH4Cl6 g/L、MnSO4.H2O 0.2 g/L、KH2PO43 g/L、CaCl20.2 g/L、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g/L。     

磷对纤维藻生长的影响

分别研究了不同起始浓度Na2HPO4.12H2O、同一起始浓度3种不同形态的磷源条件下,纤维藻的生长情况。结果表明,在实验条件下,纤维藻生长的最适Na2HPO4.12H2O起始浓度为0.001 mol/L,当起始磷浓度高于0.003 mol/L时,磷就会对纤维藻的生长产生明显的抑制作用;纤维藻对Na2HPO4.12H2O、NaH2PO4.2H2O和Na3PO4.12H2O三种形态的磷源无明显的偏好性。     

碳酸氢铵等不同氮源对小球藻生长的影响

研究了NH4HCO3、（NH4）2SO4、NaNO3、NH2CONH2、NH4Cl和NH。H2PO46种氮源对小球藻生长的影响。每组的氮质量浓度均为50mg/L，均添加磷质量浓度为3mg/L的NaH2PO4作为磷源，培养9d。试验结果表明，各处理组在第3—5d时小球藻的生长指标达到最大值，添加NH4HCO3组对小球藻生长的促进作用最明显，细胞密度、吸光度、干重和叶绿素含量等指标都显著高于其他处理组（P〈0．05），其次为NaNO3和NH2CONH2，而（NH4）2SO4、NH4Cl和NH4H2PO4效果不明显。     

2004年《水产科学》总目次

·科学研究·营养元素对小球藻生长及胞内蛋白质和多糖含量的影响杨海波 ,于　媛 ,刘　艳 (1 6 )………………………………………香螺雄性生殖系统的显微结构研究高　岩 ,侯　林 (1 10 )………………………………………………………………………深水网箱的发展现状与方向吴子岳     

雨生红球藻的优化培养研究

以MAV为基本培养基，分别研究了光照、氮、磷、铁、碳等对红球藻生长的影响，并用正交试验研究了光照、温度、接种密度对红球藻生长的影响。结果表明：红球藻生长所需适宜的氮、磷、铁、碳的体积质量分别为KNO3 0.1g/L,KH2PO4 0.02-0.04g/L,FeSO4 0.5mg/L,NaHCO3 0.2g/L。多因子正交试验结果表明，在光照强度为700 lx、培养温度30℃、接种密度为5000/mL时，生长最佳。     

湛江等鞭金藻培养基和培养方法的优化

在室内采用正交试验的方法,对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)氮、磷、铁、碳、维生素B1、维生素B12等主要营养成分进行了优化,获得了以天然海水为基础的优化培养基:NaNO3 60mg/L,KH2PO4 4mg/L,FeC6H5O7 0.5mg/L,NaHCO3 1.0g/L,维生素B1 150μg/L,维生素B12 200 ng/L.试验结果表明,使用优化培养基培养湛江等鞭金藻具有生长速度快、产量高、成本低的优势.应用微生物流加技术培养湛江等鞭金藻可取得较好效果.     

一株斜生栅藻的筛选及生长条件的优化

从内蒙古本地淡水湖泊中筛选得到一株含油相对较高、长势较好的藻种,经初步确定为斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus),以BG11为基础培养基对其生长条件进行了优化.斜生栅藻的最适生长条件为:接种量为20%;培养基初始pH值为6.5;N、P、Fe、Mg四种营养盐的质量浓度分别为NaNO3 0.5 g/L,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.10 g/L.FeCl3·6H2O 0.008 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.10 g/L,富油斜生栅藻在优化后的培养基中生长状况良好,稳定期最大生物量(A680)可达1.905.     

人工培养条件下环境因子对微小小环藻生长的影响

在实验室培养条件下,研究了温度、光照、盐度、pH值和氮、磷、铁、硅等营养盐对微小小环藻(Cyclotella caspia)生长繁殖的影响。实验结果表明:微小小环藻生长的适宜温度为10～40℃,最适温度为30～35℃;适宜光照为500～10 000 lx,最适光照为2 000～8 000 lx;适宜盐度为2～85,最适盐度为25～50;适宜pH值为4～9,最适pH为8.0～8.5。筛选出微小小环藻培养液配方是每立方米海水加入(NH2)2CO-N 30g,NaH2PO4-P 1 g,FeC6H5O7-Fe 0.1 g,Na2SiO3-Si 25 g。     

C、N、P比例对2株盐藻生长和生化组成的影响

采用正交设计法研究了C、N、P比例对2株盐藻OUN04和OUN05生长、β-胡萝卜素积累、叶绿素a合成、脂肪酸组成、蛋白质含量的影响。试验结果表明,适当调节C、N、P比例可以促进盐藻OUN04生长、β-胡萝卜素积累、叶绿素a合成,盐藻OUN04最大细胞密度114.2×104个/ml、β-胡萝卜素最大含量100.4 mg/g、叶绿素a最高含量144.6 mg/g分别出现在C、N、P比例为12∶1∶0.05、12∶2∶0.1、12∶1∶0.05的处理组中,且均与对照组差异显著;适当调节C、N、P比例也可以提高盐藻OUN04脂肪酸和蛋白质含量。盐藻OUN05细胞最大密度101.2×104个/ml、β-胡萝卜素最高含量109.2 mg/g、叶绿素a最高含量108.7 mg/g分别出现在C、N、P比例为6∶2∶0.05、6∶0.5∶0.1、12∶2∶0.1的处理组中,且均与对照组差异显著;最大蛋白含量34.41%出现在6∶1∶0.05的处理组中,但与对照组(33.17%)差异不显著。     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来，我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐，参与市场竞争，努力提升企业和产品竞争力，经济社会事业发展较快，对国家的贡献提升，职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善，示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓，战略定位与发展方向不明，经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑，没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系，投资匮乏，发展后劲不足，人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状，提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估，改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作，改革时机的选择，处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系，调整好内部利益分配关系，自觉融入区域经济，与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展，建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响_

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响王丹丽，李明云，杨天勇，胡章（宁波大学，３１５０１０）关键词老年低额　，蚤状　，温度，盐度，生长，生殖ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴ...     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon

Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified.