锦西海域海湾扇贝筏式养殖不同放养水层试验

本文报告了锦西近海不同水层养殖海湾扇贝的试验过程、方法和结果，试验证明锦西海域２．５ｍ水层是海湾扇贝放养的最佳水层。     

浅海筏式养殖的几种增收方法

1、进行林孔扇贝的换季养殖改变传统的春放冬收的养殖模式，购买当年培育的较大规格苗种或越冬渡夏的“老头苗”，把分苗时间提前至当年11月份，每层放苗40－50粒，第二年6、7月份收获，扇贝规格可达5－6cm，一般笼产6－8kg。2、进行海湾扇贝养殖搞好海湾扇贝养殖应注意以下几点：一是购苗。有技术的养殖单位可自己保苗，无技术的养殖单位一定要购买进入30目以上网袋且入海暂养的较大规格海湾扇贝苗。二是要注意分苗时间，避开牡好附着期，一般在8月25日以后分苗，可有效地避开牡螃附着期。三是适时进行水层调节。9月份还处于台风多发季节，…     

海湾扇贝亲贝浅海越冬注意问题

1.亲贝的选择 海湾扇贝亲贝选择的好坏直接关系到浅海越冬成活率和育苗效果。海湾扇贝亲贝选择标准为养殖海区无污染,个体较大且均匀,无杂贝藻等附着物。养殖海区污染则亲贝性腺发育下降,个体差异大则性腺发育不同步,杂贝藻过多则洗刷时易造成机械损伤。 2.亲贝的运输 首先要选择好运输时间,装车、运输、分笼、海上挂养等一系列工作不仅要考虑到气温、海浪等因素,更要保证海上挂养工作必须在白天完成,夜间操作会造成     

龙须菜与海湾扇贝多营养层次综合养殖技术研究

2012年-2013年从福建宁德引进大型藻类龙须菜,与海湾扇贝进行多营养层次综合养殖试验与示范。在海湾扇贝与龙须菜综合养殖模式下,海湾扇贝适宜养殖密度为22.5~25个/m~2,笼内密度45~50个/层,每hm~2套养龙须菜1 800绳,平均增产龙须菜9 000kg/hm~2,海湾扇贝比对照模式增加1 020kg/hm~2,单产增加了17.35%,其经济效益和生态效益显著。     

关于养殖品种越冬技术之二海湾扇贝亲贝浅海越冬需注意的几个问题

近两年山东省日照市东港区任家台村凭借地处鲁东南冬暖夏凉优越的地理位置和水质清新的自然条件，逐步成为海湾扇贝亲贝浅海越冬的重要基地，每年为各育苗场过渡大量的亲贝，效果非常理想。但也有个别的单位因经验不足等原因造成了不必要的损失，现将近两年的经验总结如下供育苗单位参考。 １．亲贝的选择 海湾扇贝亲贝的选择直接关系到浅海越冬成活率和育苗效果。海湾扇贝亲贝应来自无污染养殖海区、个体较大且均匀、无杂贝藻等附着物。养殖海区污染则亲贝性腺发育不良，个体差异大则性腺发育不同步，杂贝藻过多则洗刷时宜造成机械损伤。 …     

虾夷扇贝人工育苗试验总结

我们于2005年12月至2006年4月,在大连长山岛金海育苗室进行虾夷扇贝的人工育苗生产,取得了较好的生产效益。现将情况介绍如下:一、材料与方法1.育苗设施的准备2005年12月至2006年4月,在大连长山岛金海育苗室进行虾夷扇贝的人工育苗生产。亲贝培育池150米3,幼体培育池550米3,饵料培育池300米3。锅炉1台,18千瓦罗茨鼓风机3台,发电机1台。沉淀池1个,沙滤池1个。育苗用水符合育苗标准。2.亲贝的选择亲贝可采用底播增殖或筏式养殖贝,选用2龄以上、壳高10～15厘米、体重200克以上的较大个体。壳表干净,附着物较少,色泽较深,壳面完整无损,外套膜伸…     

虾类养殖技术之四日本对虾、日本刺沙蚕与贝类混养优质、高产、高效技术研究

日本刺沙蚕在养殖池底,吊笼养殖的贝类在池水的中上层(海湾扇贝),利用日本对虾养殖过程中产生的残渣剩饵,对虾的粪便,水体中悬浮的有机颗粒及过多的藻类清洁水体、池底,同时在整个养殖期间定期利用池底的排水设施去掉底层的低温、低溶氧水层,可为日本对虾的生长保持良好的环境条件;日本刺沙蚕又是日本对虾的优质饵料,长期补充,可大幅度的提高其抗病能力并促使其快速生长,所以整个试验期间没有用药,商品虾整齐健壮.试验养殖结果表明在适宜的混养条件下,日本对虾产量达到150.3kg/亩、海湾扇贝110.3kg/亩,效益比常规养殖提高3.78倍.     

河北扇贝养殖区污损生物调查

海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians Lamarck1819)隶属软体动物门、瓣鳃纲、珍珠贝目、扇贝科、海湾扇贝属,原产于美国太平洋沿岸。其闭壳肌含有丰富的蛋白质,因谷氨酸含量高,味道十分鲜美,用其闭壳肌制成的干品,是海味中的珍品。深受国内外广大消费者的青睐。河北省扇贝养殖主要集中在昌黎县沿海,到2002年已经发展到2万hm2,年产量超过10.6万t,占全省海水养殖总产量的52.7%,在我省渔业中占有重要地位。污损生物(fouling organisms)是生活于水中岩石及船底等设施表面的一类动植物的总称。这些生物大量生存于扇贝养殖设施上,其多数种类是有害的,主要表现在与扇贝争夺饵料、空间、堵塞养殖笼,制约了海湾扇贝的持续健康养殖,为查清污损生物对海湾扇贝养殖的影响,2005年夏季与秋季两次对扇贝养殖筏、养殖笼与养殖球上取样,对污损生物的组成进行了分析。1种类组成两次调查采集的污损生物共30种,隶属12个门类,见表1。在所有样品中,软体动物、节肢动物最多,各为5种,各占生物种类总数的16.7%;其次是藻类(绿藻门3种,红藻门1种)4种,占13.3%;多孔动物、苔藓类各3种,分别占10%;腔肠类、...     

海湾扇贝亲贝室内促熟培育技术简介

海湾扇贝养殖近年发展迅速,人工苗种需求量大,亲贝培育的好坏直接关系到整个育苗生产,因此,对亲贝培育要求较严。 浙江沿海亲贝一般在三月中下旬入池。挑选个体大、壳高3—5厘米以上的且性腺肥满的健康扇贝为亲贝,刷洗干净,除去壳表面附着物,以每立方米50—120个亲贝的密度入池进行亲贝培育。 培育要点如下: 1.水温:亲贝入池后,先在与自然海水水温持平的情况下恒温培养2—3天,使其适应环境。待正常摄食后,再缓慢升温。日升温不可超过1℃。升至16℃—17℃时,维持3—4天,让其积累营养物质。产卵时,升至22℃—23℃。 2.投饵:饵料用小硅藻和三角褐指藻的混合     

改进栉孔扇贝养殖技术研究

笔者经过总结,探索出一条栉孔扇贝养殖的新路子——“秋放春收”,即改变栉孔扇贝“春放秋收”的传统养殖方式,避开夏季栉孔扇贝死亡高峰期,这种养殖方法经过推广后,有效地遏制了浅海栉孔扇贝养殖滑坡的现象,取得了较好的经济效益。现把其养殖方法介绍如下:一、海区及器材1.海区自然环境条件潮汐类型为正规半日潮,大潮升为1.69米,小潮升为1.39米,平均海面1米;潮流,东流流速小,西流流速较大;水深12～15米,盐度变化在28.8～31,pH值在8.1～8.3,透明度在3～6米,底质以泥沙和砾沙为主;浮游生物量平均为178.5万个/米3;水温在0.9～24.3℃。2.养殖海…     

桑沟湾栉孔扇贝不同养殖方式及适宜养殖水层研究

在桑沟湾内，对栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ（Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ）ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ（ＪｏｎｅｓｅｔＰｒｅｓｔｏｎ）的笼养与串耳养殖等不同养殖方式及不同水层（１ｍ、２ｍ、３ｍ、４ｍ）的养殖效果进行了综合试验和分析。结果表明：（１）串耳养殖的扇贝平均壳高增长比笼养扇贝生长快，两种方式效果差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）串耳养殖方式以２ｍ为最佳养殖水层，其次为１ｍ和３ｍ，４ｍ水层最差，而且２ｍ与４ｍ的养殖效果存在明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）笼养方式的最佳水层为４ｍ，其养殖效果依次为４ｍ＞１ｍ＞３ｍ和２ｍ。试验显示，在不同的养殖方式下，栉孔扇贝最佳生长的养殖水层是不同的。本文还对产生这一差异的原因进行了分析讨论     

我国海湾扇贝养殖现状、问题与发展对策

据统计，到１９９８年我国海湾扇贝养殖面积发展到近７０００ｈｍ＾２，养殖产量约３０万ｔ。特别是自１９９７年栉孔扇贝养殖出现大面积死亡以来，海湾扇贝养殖面积不断扩大。但在１９９９年贝苗中间暂养阶段发生了大量死亡，造成养殖苗种严重不足，使养殖面积减少约２／３，经济损失惨重。作者就海湾扇贝养殖中存在的问题进行了分析，并对今后的发展提出了一些设想。     

Production of a base population and its responses to F1 selection in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819)

A base population of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck, was produced by crossing two cultured bay scallop populations. After 1 year of rearing, the top 10% truncation selection of the top 10% ( i =1.755) was carried out in the base population of about 1300 adults. A control parental group with a an identical number to the select parental group was randomly selected from the entire population before isolation of the select parental group. The result showed that, at the larval stage, the growth rate of larvae in the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control ( P <0.05), and that the genetic gain was 6.78%. Owing to the lower density of control at the spat stage, the mean shell length of the control line was larger than that of the select line at day 100. When the same density was adjusted between two lines in the grow-out stage (from day 100 to 160), the daily growth rate of the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control line ( P <0.05). Survival of the select line was significantly larger than that of the control line in the grow-out stage. In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment indicate that selective breeding from a base population with a high genetic diversity established by mass spawning between different populations appears to be a promising method of genetic improvement in bay scallop, A. irradians irradians Lamarck.     

Influence of fouling on the growth and survival of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac (L. 1758) in suspended culture

To examine the impact of fouling organisms on the growth and survival of the scallop Euvola ziczac L., we maintained 31-34-mm juveniles in pearl nets at 8 m in depth at Turpialito, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. The experiment ran for a 67-d period under four conditions: (1) shells and nets cleaned; (2) shells not cleaned and nets cleaned; (3) shells cleaned and nets not cleaned; and (4) shells and nets not cleaned. The growth of the scallop was least when fouling developed on both the pearl nets and scallop shells. The rate of growth of the shell (height and mass) was strongly affected by organisms colonizing the pearl nets and only weakly affected by organisms colonizing the shells. Fouling organisms on the shells only slightly affected rates of increase of tissue mass, but probably accounted for increased mortality. In developing commercial culture of E. ziczac, strategies need to be developed to limit the adverse effects of fouling on yield.     

煤矿塌陷地网箱生态养鳙试验报告

在未治理塌陷地水域,设置生态养鳙网箱52箱。使用生态养殖技术(不投饵),利用微生物制剂及人工诱导饵料生物技术,在25m~2网箱内放养鱼种300尾,其中鳙规格为165g／尾。经过137天的养殖,网箱平均单产19．72kg／m~2,其中鳙单产14．97kg／m~2,折合每667m~2产鳙9985kg。网箱平均产值达138．06元／m~2,净收入为99．66元／m~2,投入产出比为 1∶3．59。     

桑沟湾养殖容量与优化措施的研究

IntroductionChina has from the late1980 's been the country with highest mariculture production in the world.In2 0 0 0 ,the total mariculture production of China was almost 10 .6 million MT,production of bivalves account-ing for82 % and that of macroalgae accounting for11% .As we know,phytoplankton make up the main foodresources for bivalves.Any variation of phytoplankton will directly influence the growth and reproduction ofbivalves.As for phytoplankton,the growth and reproduction of macroa…     

流清河湾扇贝养殖区夏季附着生物特征研究

2007年6~9月,利用悬挂不同网目的试网方法,对夏季青岛流清河湾栉孔扇贝筏式养殖区附着生物的种类、数量及其垂直分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,流清河湾附着生物群落的优势种在6月份为麦秆虫和钩虾,7月份以后贻贝成为优势种。附着生物湿重随挂网时间延长而增加,8月份增长最快,特定增长率最高可达8.77%/d,主要是由于优势种贻贝的快速生长。玻璃海鞘等海鞘类在流清河湾较少出现。附着生物的数量受网目和水深的影响,总体上随水深的增加而下降,较小网目上附着生物量较大。贻贝为群落优势种是流清河湾夏季附着生物数量较高的主要原因。     

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.     

桑沟湾海带养殖容量的研究

首次对桑沟湾的海带养殖容量进行了调查研究。采用了无机氮作为估算桑沟湾海带养殖容量的关键因子，通过无机氮的供需平衡估算海带养殖容量。结果显示，海底沉积物中释放的无机氮为该湾无机氮的主要来源，而由海水交换所带入的无机氮次之。海带生长期间海水交换周期为３９ｄ，比８０年代中期延长了近１倍。桑沟湾在海带生长期间由海水交换、陆地径流、动物排泄和海底沉积物中释放所进入该湾的无机氮总供应量为１２２８ｔ；而浮游植物     

贝壳上污损生物的重量对栉孔扇贝生长和存活的影响

对网笼养殖的栉孔扇贝壳上污损生物的数量进行了研究，发现9～11月贝壳上污损生物的湿重分别为1．47、0．49和2．09g，与上壳重的比值分别为28．16％、10．24％和31．29％。通过在栉孔扇贝上壳添加上壳干重0．5、1、2和3倍重的水泥，用以模拟附着在扇贝壳上的污损生物，设不添加水泥的对照组，对贝壳上污损生物的重量对栉孔扇贝生长和存活的影响进行了研究。结果表明，实验组扇贝壳长、闭壳肌和剩余软体组织的特定增长率及存活率与对照组均没有显著差异（P〉0．05），说明贝壳上的污损生物的重量没有影响扇贝的生长和存活。