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1.
本文通过显微和亚显微结构的观察研究,表明中华绒螯蟹血淋巴液中存在的细胞形态、超微结构不同的三种血淋巴细胞,即大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞。血淋巴液中三种淋巴细胞的含量分别为:大颗粒细胞7.97%,小颗粒细胞15.58%,无颗粒细胞76.45%。光镜下大颗粒细胞体积最大,胞质内可见大量染色较深的粗大颗粒;小颗粒细胞体积较小,胞质内有较少的深染色细小颗粒;而无颗粒细胞体积最小,胞质内无颗粒。电镜下三种血淋巴细胞的结构特征表现为:大颗粒细胞胞质内含有大量粗大的电子致密颗粒,细胞器稀少;小颗粒细胞胞质内含数量较少、体积较小的电子致密颗粒,细胞器丰富,高尔基复合体可见;无颗粒细胞内无电子致密颗粒,细胞器稀少,部分细胞质接近透明。  相似文献   

2.
对日本蟳血淋巴细胞有形成分进行显微观察分析,根据细胞大小、有无颗粒及颗粒的大小进行分类。结果表明:日本蟳血淋巴细胞可区分为3种,即大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞。在此基础上比较了不同性别、不同发育阶段及饥饿状态下,日本蟳血淋巴细胞的形态、密度及3种类型细胞所占比例等指标的数据变化,并与其他甲壳动物的血细胞进行了比较。  相似文献   

3.
光镜及扫描电镜下波纹龙虾血淋巴细胞的形态及其分类   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄翔鹄 《水产学报》2004,28(6):645-650
光镜及扫描电镜下,研究波纹龙虾血淋巴细胞的组织学结构、形态学特征和数量。根据细胞质中颗粒存在与否,颗粒数量的多少,细胞体积的大小及外部形态,对波纹龙虾的血淋巴细胞进行分类。结果表明,光镜下波纹龙虾的血淋巴细胞有3种类型:无颗粒细胞,小颗粒细胞,大颗粒细胞;这3种血淋巴细胞不是连续发育过程中血淋巴细胞的不同阶段,而是彼此独立的。3种血淋巴细胞的数量占循环血淋巴细胞总量的比例分别为:无颗粒细胞占57.1%,大颗粒细胞占24.9%,小颗粒细胞占18.0%;在扫描电镜下,细胞表面不平,有各种突起,揭示细胞具有活跃的变形运动和吞噬能力。血淋巴细胞形态有球形、卵圆形和椭圆形。  相似文献   

4.
为了探究不同盐度对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼组织结构的影响,用组织学方法对不同盐度条件下(0、10、15、20、30)花鲈幼鱼的鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构进行研究。结果显示,盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼鳃丝排列紧密,顶端膨大呈棒状,鳃小片细胞饱满,有少量泌氯细胞。花鲈幼鱼鳃丝宽度随盐度的升高而缩小,鳃小片间距则逐渐增大,差异显著(P<0.05);盐度为20时,部分鳃小片变形脱落,鳃丝上的泌氯细胞明显增多增大;盐度为30时,鳃丝宽度较大,出现断裂脱落,鳃丝上细胞排列疏松,泌氯细胞明显膨大,有溶解现象。脾脏在淡水条件下(盐度为0),淋巴细胞数目较少,血细胞较多;在低盐环境中(盐度为10、15),淋巴细胞增大,数量增多,黑色素巨噬细胞中心数量增加;在高盐度下(盐度为30),脾细胞和部分淋巴细胞出现肿大、空泡化现象,细胞排列疏松。盐度为0时,花鲈幼鱼肌纤维排列较为疏松,多角形或长椭圆形,长径和短径较大、密度较小;盐度为15时,肌纤维短径变小、密度增大,与0、10盐度组均差异显著,盐度为30时,肌纤维长径增大、密度减小;随着盐度的增加,肌纤维长径和短径均有先减小后增加的趋势,单位面积肌纤维数量则先增加后减小,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构变化特征与其所处的环境盐度有关。  相似文献   

5.
对日本(虫寻)血淋巴细胞有形成分进行显微观察分析,根据细胞大小、有无颗粒及颗粒的大小进行分类.结果表明日本(虫寻)血淋巴细胞可区分为3种,即大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞.在此基础上比较了不同性别、不同发育阶段及饥饿状态下,日本(虫寻)血淋巴细胞的形态、密度及3种类型细胞所占比例等指标的数据变化,并与其他甲壳动物的血细胞进行了比较.  相似文献   

6.
通过不同质量浓度Mo~(6+)(0、30.67、122.66mg/L)对(10.0±3.0)g草鱼幼鱼脑、肝脏、肾脏、心脏及性腺的组织学以及对肝胰脏抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨了重金属Mo~(6+)的毒性积累和毒性机制。结果表明,草鱼Mo~(6+)中毒后,脑组织出现异常,表现为细胞破裂、细胞核聚集程度严重;肾脏充血,肾小管上皮细胞核肥大,肾小球明显萎缩;心脏肌纤维细胞体积增大,单位视野内细胞数变少,细胞核形态异常,以及局部的细胞空泡变性,出现少量细胞核偏移和密集并且细胞轮廓模糊,肌纤维有轻微断裂现象;肝脏的肝细胞出现严重的水样变性,伴随着细胞溶解、浑浊变性和轮廓模糊,血窦扩张,形成局部的点状病灶;卵巢中卵母细胞出现核变形,胞质中出现小的空泡,细胞核膨胀,扩张和核仁空泡化;精巢中生精小管畸形,含不同发育阶段的精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞,精细胞体积增大,精子数量明显减少。随着Mo~(6+)质量浓度的升高和时间延长,草鱼肝胰脏中的超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量降低。  相似文献   

7.
为更好地了解翡翠贻贝血淋巴细胞的免疫功能和拓展该贝类在环境免疫学中的应用,本研究调查了其血淋巴细胞亚群分类,并运用流式细胞术分析了各个亚群的相关免疫功能。结果显示,在翡翠贻贝的血淋巴中主要存在3种血淋巴细胞,包括粒细胞、半粒细胞(分大小2种)和透明细胞。粒细胞占细胞总数的40.4%±8.4%,直径(7.49±1.32)μm,细胞内部充满颗粒;半粒细胞占34.6%±9.4%,直径(12.45±2.21)μm,内部含有部分颗粒,其中小半粒细胞直径(6.64±1.05)μm;透明细胞占15.6%±4.8%,直径(4.69±1.01)μm,细胞内部基本无颗粒。流式细胞分析显示,粒细胞在吞噬作用上最为活跃,粒细胞和半粒细胞在非特异性酯酶和活性氧分子产量上没有差异,均高于透明细胞。透明细胞在吞噬活性、酶活性和活性氧分子产量上均显著低于其他两类细胞,且细胞死亡率显著高于其他两类细胞。流式细胞术显示,在翡翠贻贝中,粒细胞是参与免疫防御的主要血淋巴细胞。  相似文献   

8.
鲈脾肿大症的病原及细胞病理学的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
王国良 《水产学报》2003,27(2):158-162
首次报道了鲈脾肿大症的发病情况。病鱼以脾脏肿大为主要症状,死亡率高达50%以上。对病鱼进行显微镜检查和细菌分离培养,未见寄生虫和病原菌。经电镜检查,在脾、肝等组织中发现大量病毒颗粒。该病毒颗粒为六边形,没有囊膜,衣壳直径180-220nm,认为该病毒屑虹彩病毒(Iridoviridae)。细胞病理变化表现为感染细胞肿胀,细胞超微结构破坏,细胞质出现大面积空泡。血细胞中出现大量异形淋巴细胞,占淋巴细胞总数的50%以上。  相似文献   

9.
邵晓阳 《水产学报》2004,28(4):438-442
用连续切片的方法对患有红体病的青虾进行组织病理学研究,结果表明患病青虾鳃部、肌肉组织和肝胰腺部位病症比较明显,不同患病阶段组织变形差异显著。鳃片细胞在患病初期表现为胞质收缩,后期则细胞膨胀破裂。细胞内物质外溢,细胞边缘界限不完整;肌肉组织在后期出现肌纤维束之间间隙,且部分肌纤维有断裂的现象;中期肝小叶间隔出现空隙和腺细胞变形,在后期则表现为小叶溃烂。造成青虾因红体病死亡的原因,初期主要是因为鳃片的组织病变导致呼吸困难,进而造成青虾生理异常;后期主要是因为肝胰脏的溃烂造成消化功能全面丧失。  相似文献   

10.
血细胞是机体免疫系统的核心,为了对其进行精细的类群划分和功能分析,了解动物免疫防御的机制,实验以体质量为17~23 g的凡纳滨对虾为对象,分别根据显微观察的胞内可辨颗粒结构和流式测量的细胞侧向散射特征探讨了其血淋巴的细胞类群,并进一步探讨了在副溶血性弧菌和白斑综合征病毒两种病原感染早期,主要响应的血细胞类群及其数量变化等特征。结果显示,两种方法都能从凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中辨识出无颗粒、小颗粒、中颗粒以及大颗粒四种血细胞,其中无颗粒细胞占比都接近70%,另外3种颗粒细胞合计占比均为30%左右,但细分比例统计有差异。脂质染料DID显示胞内颗粒普遍被膜,中颗粒和大颗粒细胞内的颗粒大小较均匀,提示了其内源性的形成机制;大颗粒细胞大小分布区间最窄且充满颗粒,表明其可能处于发育终末阶段,功能与分泌相关。通过测量发现,在两种病原感染早期,承担吞噬功能的无颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞是主要响应类群,总体趋势均表现为细胞计数先降后升,推测感染后大量血细胞由于被用于清除病原而导致短时间内损失较多。副溶血性弧菌感染24 h后细胞总数降至低点,而白斑综合征病毒感染后的低点出现在36~48 h,相较略有延后并持续较长时间,...  相似文献   

11.
Three groups of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were exposed to live, colony-forming, radiolabelled Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria in a bath challenge: (1) fish with artificial wounds; (2) fish with a reduced epidermal mucus layer caused by removal of the mucus layer on two occasions by a swabbing procedure; and (3) a control group of untreated fish. Fish were killed 2, 6 and 24 h after challenge, and radioactivity (cpm g–1) was measured in the blood, mucus, skin, wound area, gills, anterior kidney, posterior kidney, spleen, midgut and hindgut. The highest levels of radioactivity were measured in the wound areas and in the gills. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of radioactivity in the gills and blood, and between the mucus and skin at 2 h post-challenge. Two hours after the bath challenge, live A. salmonicida bacteria were found in the blood of fish in the 'swabbed' and 'artificial wound' groups, and not in the control group. Twenty-four hours after the bath challenge, the kidney of fish from all groups contained viable bacteria, whereas the blood was negative.  相似文献   

12.
During the last 10 years 268 laparotomies by a midline incision were performed. A high incidence of seromas, fistulas caused by suturing material and wound ruptures were observed. After finding only a small number of publications in the veterinary medicine about wound healing disturbances an analysis of the human medical literature was done. This induced the change of our surgical procedure and suturing technique: The midline incision and surgical management during the laparotomies in 14 horses suffering from colic were performed by a minimized trauma. The abdominal wall was closed layer by layer in the following manner: peritoneum by a running suture of catgut metric 5, linea alba by Sultan single sutures of polyglycolic acid material metric 5 (12 cases) or of polydioxanone metric 4 (2 cases), subcutaneous layer by a running suture of polyglycolic acid material metric 4, skin by single sutures of monofilamentous synthetic material metric 2. Thus, no complications in wound healing were observed in these 14 horses. Therefore, we recommend to prove the described surgical and suturing procedure by a larger number of horses undergoing a laparotomy by a midline incision.  相似文献   

13.
异育银鲫咽碘泡虫病组织病理与病理生理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
咽碘泡虫(Myxobolus pharynae)病是近几年发生在江苏省盐城地区的大丰、射阳和滨海以及周边地区,引起养殖异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)大批死亡的一种黏孢子虫病,咽碘泡虫只特异地寄生在异育银鲫的咽部组织内,为了阐明该病对鱼体的损伤作用,我们对不同患病时期的异育银鲫的组织病理和疾病中期的病理生理进行研究。组织病理结果表明:疾病初期病鱼咽部略有轻度充血,咽碘泡虫以营养体阶段寄生在咽部黏膜下层的组织中,并开始形成由成纤维细胞包裹的小孢囊,其他组织器官无病理损伤现象;疾病中期由于小孢囊数量增加和囊内营养体分裂增殖并逐步发育为成熟孢子后体积增大,构成的大孢囊使咽部显著膨大,包裹小孢囊的结缔组织囊壁充血,逐步萎缩而变薄,成纤维细胞核固缩坏死,咽部黏膜层中的上皮细胞淡染、核固缩坏死,味蕾失去应有的结构,鳃组织细胞在鳃小片间严重增生,肾部分区域出现细胞坏死,肾小球肿胀,肾小管上皮细胞出现滴状玻璃样变性,肝、脾、肠和前肾无病理变化现象;疾病后期小孢囊囊壁、黏膜下层和黏膜层组织细胞进一步坏死崩解,出现孔洞,成熟孢子、坏死组织和血液一并流出孔洞,病鱼肠腔中有许多来自坏死的咽部组织细胞和成熟孢子,其他组织器官病理变化与疾病中期相似。疾病中期病鱼的病理生理分析结果表明:病鱼红细胞数量和大小、血红蛋白浓度、血栓细胞数量、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、血糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶都分别极显著低于健康鱼(P0.01),出现贫血;病鱼红细胞脆性、白细胞数、嗜中性粒细胞数、单核细胞数、总胆红素、肌酐、尿素和乳酸脱氢酶分别都极显著高于健康鱼(P0.01);淋巴细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数与健康鱼相比,无显著差异(P0.05)。由于咽碘泡虫的寄生部位鱼咽部严重膨大堵塞口咽腔并引发鳃组织增生、肾的损伤和贫血等变化,进一步发展为咽部组织坏死破裂出现孔洞流血,导致病鱼无法摄食和呼吸困难等功能障碍而死亡。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract. Sensitized lymphocytes isolated from the immunized eel, Anguilla japonica , upon interaction with the antigens in vitro , elaborated into the medium a soluble factor which was capable of inhibiting the migration of peritoneal exudate cells harvested from guinea pigs. Production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) was greatest to the specific antigen although there was also some nonspecific release. The elaboration of MIF from the sensitized lymphocytes occurred from the third day after immunization of eels and was detectable until day 106. The inhibitory activity from the blood appeared to persist over a longer period compared to that from the spleen and the anterior kidney. The inhibitory activity, however, was diminished by starvation of the immunized eels.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract. An ELISA-bascd plaque assay for the detection and quantification of antibody-secreting cells has been adapted for use in fish. The assay involves incubating catfish lymphocytes in 24-well plates previously coated with the antigen of interest. Cells producing antibody to the antigen leave an immunological fingerprint of bound antibody which is detected through the use of an ELISA technique to yield a colored plaque (Elisaplaque). Specificity of the assay was established by demonstrating that cells taken from fish vaccinated with an antigen exhibit the greatest response on plates coated with the given antigen. A strong positive correlation was also demonstrated between the number of Elisaplaques generated and serum agglutination titre. Using the ELISA plaque assay, it was found that antibody-secreting lymphocytes located at a different density interface and behaved differently from other lymphocyte populations when separated through discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. Among the haematopoietic organs examined, the head kidney appeared to produce more antibody-secreting cells per million lymphocytes than did spleen or peripheral blood lymphocytes.  相似文献   

16.
细鳞鲑早期发育过程中免疫器官发生   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
应用连续切片技术和显微观察法,对胚胎末期至仔鱼期的细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)免疫器官(头肾、胸腺及脾组织)早期发育进行了系统研究。研究表明,在实验水温为10.0~16.2℃时,细鳞鲑的免疫器官原基发生及其淋巴化的先后顺序均为胸腺、头肾和脾。仔鱼出膜前5 d胸腺原基形成,出膜前1 d胸腺即出现少量淋巴细胞,仔鱼19日龄后,结缔组织和毛细血管渗入胸腺实质而形成小梁,仔鱼35日龄左右,胸腺己经分化出模糊的内区和外区;仔鱼出膜前2 d,出现头肾原基,由未分化的造血干细胞组成,仔鱼3日龄后,头肾由肾小管构成,10日龄后,组织开始淋巴化,仔鱼35~45日龄,肾小管上皮细胞开始退化,头肾内出现血窦,并进一步淋巴化,50日龄后,肾小管退化完毕,头肾主要由淋巴组织和大量血窦构成;5日龄细鳞鲑仔鱼,脾原基出现,16日龄后,脾开始淋巴化,35~50日龄,脾内建立起发达的微血管系统以及血窦结构。细鳞鲑的免疫器官分化较早,其发育速度较其他淡水硬骨鱼类相对滞后,但组织淋巴化速度较快。本研究旨在揭示细鳞鲑早期死亡率高的根本原因,为实现细鳞鲑的规模化养殖提供科学基础。  相似文献   

17.
A novel cell line (SFL) was established from the liver of stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus, and its susceptibility to different iridoviruses was evaluated. The SFL cells grew well in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factor‐II, and have been subcultured over 82 passages. The optimal growth temperature was 22 C. The SFL cells were fibroblastic in morphology and grew at a steady rate, with a population doubling time of 38.8 h. Karyotype analysis showed that SFL cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome number of 48. The susceptibility evaluation of SFL cells revealed that cytopathic effects (CPE) appeared after infection by different iridoviruses, lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV). In addition, a large number of TRBIV and LCDV particles were observed in the infected SFL cells by electron microscope examination. It is suggested that the SFL cell line could be used as a valuable tool for isolation and propagation of different iridoviruses.  相似文献   

18.
鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞的体外培养   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实验以鲁西黄牛耳缘组织为研究材料,采用组织块贴壁培养法对其进行了成纤维细胞的体外培养。通过细胞的传代培养、形态学和动力学观察与分析,结果表明,所建立的鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞系具有典型的成纤维细胞形态,胞体均为梭形和不规则三角形,且细胞丰满;细胞核形态为卵圆形,并位于胞质中央,核仁清晰。在细胞生长于繁殖过程中亦经历了潜伏期、指数增生、停滞期和衰退死亡期等4个时期。细胞群体倍增时期为72h。实验结果表明,已成功地培养了鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞。  相似文献   

19.
为了更加了解草鱼B淋巴细胞吞噬活性,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)检测了IgM在胚胎发育中的表达量,并且检测了IgM在不同组织中的分布以及细菌刺激下IgM的转录情况。结果显示,IgM在卵裂期到出膜前期的表达量变化不明显,在出膜后开始显著增加;IgM在检测的组织中均有分布,在头肾中表达量最高,并且其表达量在不同细菌的刺激下均显著上调。从草鱼外周血中分离纯化得到B淋巴细胞,并通过吉姆萨染色、qRT-PCR和间接免疫荧光进行了验证。细菌吞噬实验结果显示,B淋巴细胞对嗜水气单胞菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并随孵育时间增加而逐渐增强。细菌刺激B淋巴细胞后活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放量显著上升;血清调理实验结果显示,通过血清调理可以显著促进B淋巴细胞ROS的释放,然而对NO的释放水平没有显著影响。研究表明,草鱼B淋巴细胞对细菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并且可以通过呼吸爆发等非特异性免疫的方式直接参与抗菌免疫。  相似文献   

20.
Serial sections, prepared from 0.5 to 30 days posthatch (dph) larval and juvenile Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel 1844), were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscopy for immune organ development. The early kidney was present at 0.5 dph, undifferentiated stem cells began to appear at 2 dph, and by 7 dph occasional small lymphocytes were present. The thymus was first obvious at 5 dph, located above the fourth branchial arch, small lymphocytes appeared at 7 dph, and by 15 dph an outer thymocytic zone and an inner epithelioid zone were visible. The progenitor spleen was present at 2 dph, located close to the gut, and by 12 dph it consisted of a mass of sinusoids filled with red blood cells, and remained mainly erythroid throughout the period studied. These results suggest that development of immune organs in this species is precocious relative to other marine teleosts.  相似文献   

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