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1.
黄沙鳖源嗜水气单胞菌的致病力与毒力基因型相关性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探明黄沙鳖(Truogx sinensis)源嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)所携带毒力基因种类对其致病力的影响,以从广西各地患病黄沙鳖中分离得到的嗜水气单胞菌为材料,通过对黄沙鳖和小鼠进行人工感染测定试验菌株的致病力,PCR检测供试菌株的hly、Aer、Alt、Act、ahal和ahp 6种毒力基因。结果表明,47株黄沙鳖源嗜水气单胞菌共包含9种毒力基因型,48.94%的菌株携带全部6种毒力基因,基因型为hly+Aer+Alt+Act+ahal+ahp+,是主要的毒力基因型;95.79%的菌株携带hly基因,均为有毒株;嗜水气单胞菌对黄沙鳖的致病力是多个毒力基因共同作用的结果,hly和Act是重要的毒力基因,Alt和ahal基因对菌株的致病力与其他毒力基因之间存在协同作用,ahp基因缺失对菌株的致病力无影响;将对黄沙鳖的致死率达到和超过50%的菌株判定为强毒株,致死率不足50%判定为弱毒株时,强毒株至少携带4种毒力基因,并同时携带有hly和Act基因,弱毒株只携带包括hly在内的2种或3种毒力基因,本研究首次发现只携带Alt和ahal 2种毒力基因的菌株对黄沙鳖和小鼠均无致病力;在所检测的6种毒力基因中,较易缺失的基因主要有Alt、ahal和ahp;在有毒株中,不同基因型的菌株对黄沙鳖和对小鼠的平均致死率差异均为极显著(P0.01),当存在基因缺失现象时,同一基因型的菌株对黄沙鳖的平均致死率也极显著高于对小鼠的致死率(P0.01),表明黄沙鳖源嗜水气单胞菌对黄沙鳖的致病力显著强于对小鼠的致病力。根据本研究结果,可将hly基因作为嗜水气单胞菌有毒株的鉴定标准,携带hly和Act基因并同时携带Aer、Alt、ahal、ahp中的2种或2种以上毒力基因作为强毒株的鉴定标准。  相似文献   

2.
为查明黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)暴发性流行病的病原菌及其3种毒力基因的携带情况,以常规方法进行细菌分离,人工感染试验确定病原菌的致病性,API 20NE和16S rRNA基因序列分析进行细菌鉴定,PCR扩增法检测病原菌的3种毒力基因。结果显示,从发病症状典型的黄颡鱼肝脏中分离到1株嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)GXGP1,与嗜水气单胞菌标准株ATCC 7966T的同源性为99.9%,对黄颡鱼有很强致病力,是引起黄颡鱼暴发性流行病的病原菌,该菌携带有Aer、hly和ahp 3种毒力基因。  相似文献   

3.
查明广西南宁、贵港和桂平养殖山瑞鳖细菌性败血症的病原菌及其6种毒力基因的携带情况,为有效防控山瑞鳖细菌性败血症提供参考。本研究以常规方法从患病山瑞鳖的心脏和肝脏取样、分离细菌,人工感染方法确定分离菌株的致病性,细菌鉴定采用API 20NE生化鉴定和16S rRNA分子鉴定相结合的方法进行,PCR扩增法对菌株的溶血素基因(hemolysin gene,hly)、气溶素基因(aerolysin gene,Aer)、细胞兴奋性肠毒素基因(cytotonic enterotoxin gene,Alt)、细胞毒性肠毒素基因(cytotoxic enterotoxin gene,Act)、黏附素基因(major adhesin gene,ahal)和丝氨酸蛋白酶基因(serine protease gene,ahp)6种毒力基因进行检测。结果显示,从患病山瑞鳖心脏和肝脏中共分离到4株优势菌SRB125、SRB142、SRB143和SRB345,对健康山瑞鳖的平均致死率为97.50%~100.00%,是引起山瑞鳖细菌性败血症的病原菌;生化和分子鉴定结果显示,4株分离菌均为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila),与A.hydrophila L3-5(KP716701)菌株的亲缘关系最近,同源相似性均达到99.9%;6种毒力基因共包含2种毒力基因型,在4株菌株中的分布为hly~+Aer~+Alt~+Act~+ahal~+ahp~+和hly~+Aer~+Alt~+Act~+ahal~+ahp~–各2株,来源于南宁的SRB143和桂平的SRB345菌株均缺失ahp基因。  相似文献   

4.
为了分子鉴定6株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌,并从分子层面验证通过检测毒力基因以推测嗜水气单胞菌潜在致病性的可行性。实验采用PCR扩增16 S rDNA和gyrB基因并结合系统发育树的构建和分析进行菌种的分子鉴定,检测气溶素( aerolysin, aer)、溶血素( haemoly-sin, hly)、丝氨酸蛋白酶( serine protease, ahp)、热稳定细胞肠毒素( heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin, ast)和热敏感细胞肠毒素( heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin, alt)5种毒力基因,且使用Mega 5.2对核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分析。结果显示6株菌均为嗜水气单胞菌Aero-monas hydrophila,检测出5种毒力基因中的至少4种,其中均检测出溶血素和2种肠毒素,序列分析表明气溶素、溶血素和丝氨酸蛋白酶的氨基酸序列高度保守。本研究基于16 S rD-NA和gyrB基因可以准确地对嗜水气单胞菌进行分子鉴定,6株菌的毒力基因丰富预示着一定的致病性, aer、 hly和ahp基因相对保守,编码的毒力因子高度同源,在临床分子诊断中建议使用aer、 ahp和hly基因对嗜水气单胞菌的潜在致病性进行检测。  相似文献   

5.
水族箱气单胞菌的鉴定及致病特性分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了确定南京市某渔场发病鱼感染的病原,本研究采集患鱼脏器,采用平板培养、生化实验和特异性gyrB基因扩增测序等方法进行细菌的分离鉴定;利用PCR技术检测分离株毒力基因的分布,分析其生物学特性,并进一步通过动物实验确定菌株致病力.结果分离到1株水族箱气单胞菌,命名为LK-25.该菌株携带5种主要毒力基因:气溶素(aer)、细胞毒性肠毒素(act)、细胞兴奋性肠毒素(alt)、温敏胞外蛋白酶(epr)和丝氨酸蛋白酶(ahp),其溶血性和溶蛋白能力较强,对斑马鱼的半数致死量为1.02×103 CFU/尾,确定为强毒株.进化树分析表明,水族箱气单胞菌与嗜水气单胞菌达卡亚种亲缘关系较近.本研究在国内首次报道发现水族箱气单胞菌,为进一步预防该菌所引起的相关疾病的发生和传播提供理论基础.  相似文献   

6.
为调查鱼源气单胞菌毒力基因与其致病力的相关性,以2009—2018年从不同患病鱼分离的173株气单胞菌为研究对象,通过检测毒力相关基因、测定溶血活性、腹腔注射感染异育银鲫等方法开展评价。通过管家基因gyrB分子鉴定结果显示,173株气单胞菌中维氏气单胞菌(119/173,68.9%)和嗜水气单胞菌(50/173,28.9%)是主要流行的菌株。10个毒力基因aer(162/173,93.64%)、act(131/173,75.72%)、ast(55/173,31.79%)、alt(58/173,33.53%)、lip(152/173,87.86%)、exu(154/173,89.02%)、fla(143/173,82.66%)、gcaT(148/173, 85.55%)、 eprCAI(41/173, 23.70%)和ahyB(51/173, 29.48%)普遍存在于173株气单胞菌中。依据检测到的毒力基因数量从多到少分布情况,这些菌株可分为7大类(Ⅰ~Ⅶ)53个毒力基因型。大部分嗜水气单胞菌检测到8~10个毒力基因,主要分布于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类基因型;维氏气单胞菌的eprCAI、ahyB、 ast和alt等4个毒力基因检测率低,主要分布于Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ类基因型。大部分气单胞菌(94.22%,163/173)具有溶血活性。代表性毒力基因型的38株维氏气单胞菌和20株嗜水气单胞菌腹腔注射异育银鲫攻毒结果显示,3.0×106 CFU/尾的剂量下,3株维氏气单胞菌使鲫死亡率达80%~100%,16株嗜水气单胞菌使鲫死亡率达90%~100%。研究表明,维氏气单胞菌是目前最主要流行的气单胞菌,但其检测到的毒力基因普遍少于嗜水气单胞菌,且对异育银鲫的致病力普遍弱于嗜水气单胞菌。本研究能够为气单胞菌败血症的流行病学调查和疫苗研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
鲫源嗜水气单胞菌毒力基因多重PCR检测及ERIC-PCR分子分型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为快速了解鲫源嗜水气单胞菌株毒力基因携带情况及与菌株基因型的相关性,建立多重PCR法和ERIC-PCR分子分型,为临床快速检测、菌株分型和菌株致病性分析提供依据。通过单重PCR法检测出标准菌株ATCC7966内5个毒力基因气溶素(aerolysin,aer)、溶血素(hemolysin,hly)、细胞毒性肠毒素(cytotoxic enterotoxin,alt)、胞外蛋白酶(extracellular protease,ahp)和细胞肠兴奋性肠毒素(intestinal cells of excitatory enterotoxin,act),其扩增产物长度依次为300 bp、592 bp、442 bp、856 bp和500 bp。在此基础上,优化并建立特异性高,敏感度达7.2×102cfu·m L-1多重PCR法,用于检测从江苏射阳地区患病水产动物体内分离的17株嗜水气单胞菌5个毒力基因携带率。结果显示,毒力基因act的携带率为100%,而80%的菌株5个毒力基因均有检出。采用ERIC-PCR分子分型技术,以标准菌株ATCC7966为对照,对17株鲫源致病性嗜水气单胞菌进行基因分型,获得两种基因型,分别描述为A型和B型,其中B型菌株14株,带型与ATCC7966一致,认为是当地的主要流行株。探究菌株基因型与毒力基因分布相关性,携带5个毒力基因的均为B型菌株,而所有A型菌株存在一或多个毒力基因缺失,有可能是此类菌株更易发生毒力基因漂变,但还需进一步研究。  相似文献   

8.
9.
怀头鲇体表溃烂症病原鉴定及致病性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨黑龙江流域怀头鲇体表溃烂症的病因及防控措施,本研究采用常规方法从患病鱼的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏等部位分离病原菌,通过人工感染试验确定分离菌株的致病性,并对菌株的基本形态、理化特性、分子特征、毒力基因携带情况及耐药性等进行了系统研究。结果显示,从患病鱼体内分离得到3株病原菌,分别命名为NY-8、NY-9和NY-12;人工感染试验发现,NY-8和NY-9株对试验鱼有较强的致病力,NY-12株毒力较弱;3株细菌混合感染后,鱼体发病症状与临床自然发病症状一致,试验鱼死亡率高达到100%。综合理化特征和16S r RNA基因序列分析结果,确定NY-8、NY-9和NY-12株分别为气单胞菌属的维氏气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌。5种毒力基因在3株气单胞菌中的分布表现为两种基因型,h l y+/a e r+/a c t+/a l t+/G C A T+和h l y+/a e r-/act+/alt+/GCAT+,同时携带5种毒力基因的NY-8和NY-9分离株致病性显著高于NY-12株。3株细菌在耐药谱上有一定差异性,NY-8和NY-9株均对4种氟喹诺酮类药物敏感,对氨基糖苷类、呋喃类等药物耐药;NY-12株仅对左氧氟沙星和氟苯尼考等2种药物敏感。  相似文献   

10.
亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)是西藏地区重要的冷水性经济鱼类之一。为明确亚东鲑暴发性死亡的原因, 对从患病亚东鲑体内分离得到的 2 株优势细菌 B1、A3-2 进行种类鉴定、毒力基因检测、动物回归感染、耐药基因检测和药敏试验。结果显示, 2 株优势细菌鉴定为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida) B1 和温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria) A3-2。杀鲑气单胞菌 B1 对亚东鲑具有较强的致病性, 而温和气单胞菌 A3-2 对亚东鲑未表现出致病性。杀鲑气单胞菌 B1 携带有 10 种毒力基因: 外毒素(AerAAct hly 基因)、胞外酶(gcat、ahyBLip 基因)、Ⅲ型分泌系统(aexT、aopPascF-G 基因)、鞭毛(Fla 基因); 温和气单胞菌 A3-2 携带有 5 种毒力基因: 外毒素(Act Alt 基因)、胞外酶(gcat 基因)、Ⅲ型分泌系统(aexT 和 aopP 基因)。杀鲑气单胞菌 B1 对头孢曲松、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、四环素、链霉素等 21 种抗菌药物敏感, 仅对万古霉素耐药; 温和气单胞菌 A3-2 对头孢曲松、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、吡哌酸、四环素、链霉素等 17 种抗菌药物敏感, 对青霉素、阿莫西林、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、万古霉素等 6 种药物耐药。杀鲑气单胞菌 B1 含有 AmpC、gyrA parC 等 3 种耐药基因; 温和气单胞菌 A3-2 含有 AmpC、gyrA、parC tetE 等 4 种耐药基因, 2 种气单胞菌的耐药基因检出结果与耐药表型基本一致。杀鲑气单胞菌 B1 是引起亚东鲑暴发性死亡的重要病原菌, 本研究为亚东鲑养殖过程中杀鲑气单胞菌的感染特征、疫苗研制和疾病防控提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

11.
为确定南昌地区某渔场草鱼出血性败血症的病原体及病原特征,从患病草鱼的肝脏病灶中分离出一株致病菌A1310。对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性等表型生物学检验、人工感染实验及对抗菌药物的敏感性实验,并对其进行了全基因组测序、基于多序列位点分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)的系统进化分析及毒力基因分析。结果显示,生理生化鉴定证明该菌为嗜水气单胞菌,当浓度达1.0×106 CFU/mL时,对草鱼有致病性;对供试20种抗菌药物中的青霉素等7种耐药,对卡那霉素等5种敏感;A1310株基因组框架序列共包含96个与毒力和防御相关基因,其中多药耐药性外排泵基因占大多数,约为22%;与美国斑点叉尾鮰分离株(S15-242、S15-458、S15-591、S15-700)聚类为同一进化分支;比较基因组分析发现,A1310具有一个删减版的Ⅵ型分泌系统(type Ⅵ secretion system,T6SS),基因数量为标准Ⅵ型分泌系统的80%,缺少vgrG和vca0109基因的部分片段。综上所述,来源于草鱼的嗜水气单胞菌菌株A1310,与美国斑点叉尾鮰分离株具有亲缘关系,含有多个已报道的嗜水气单胞菌的毒力基因。本研究不仅丰富了嗜水气单胞菌的生物学性状内容,也为嗜水气单胞菌的有效检验、防治和深入研究提供一定的参考,对草鱼的疾病防控具有一定意义。  相似文献   

12.
Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium that is widespread in aquatic environments, is responsible for causing haemorrhagic disease in both aquatic and terrestrial species. With the purpose of developing a live vaccine, herein we have investigated nine strains of A. hydrophila (Ah-01 to Ah-09) isolated from diseased fish. A study of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity and immunogenicity in the host Cyprinus carpio suggests that the presence of β-hly, act and fla genes contribute to pathogenesis: strains Ah-01, Ah-02 and Ah-03 (β-hly+/act+/fla+ genotype) were highly pathogenic to C. carpio, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 (β-hly/act/fla genotype) showed weak pathogenicity. Accordingly, Ah-02 and Ah-03 were selected to prepare inactivated vaccines, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 were chosen as live vaccines. Ah-06 live vaccine was found to have the best protective efficacy, with a protective rate of about 85%, whereas rates of other vaccines were significantly lower, in the range 37%–59%. In addition, DNA vaccines based on genes altA, aha and omp showed immune protection rates of 25%, 37.5% and 75%, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the β-hly/act/fla/altA+/aha+/omp+ genotype has weak pathogenicity and high immunogenicity, and provide a simple and effective way to screen for live A. hydrophila vaccines.  相似文献   

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14.
A combination of eight isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila was used to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Ten different groups of MAbs specific to Aeromonas were selected. The first five groups of MAbs demonstrated high specificity and bound to only one or two isolates of A. hydrophila. The sixth and the seventh groups of MAbs were A. hydrophila specific. They recognized seven of eight A. hydrophila isolates (AH1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8); however, the MAb in the seventh group also showed cross‐reactivity to one isolate of Aeromonas caviae (AC3). The eighth MAb group recognized two isolates of A. hydrophila (AH2 and AH5) and demonstrated cross‐reactivity to one isolate of Aeromonas sobria (AS1) and one isolate of A. caviae (AC3). The tenth group of MAbs bound to all isolates of Aeromonas spp. tested (AH1‐8, AS1‐6, AC1‐5, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas jandaei) without cross‐reactivity to any of the other bacteria tested. MAbs in the ninth group showed similar specificity to those in the tenth group but did not recognize two isolates of A. sobria (AS4 and AS6) or A. jandaei. All the MAbs could be used to identify Aeromonas by dot blotting with a sensitivity ranging from 105 to 107 CFU mL?1. However, the sensitivity of detection was increased to 102–103 CFU mL?1 after inoculation of the sample in tryptic soy broth for 3–6 h before performing the dot blotting. The dot blot method can be used for the direct detection of A. hydrophila infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic goldfish. This study demonstrated a convenient immunological tool that can be used for the direct detection of A. hydrophila and Aeromonas infections in a complex sample without the requirement for separation of the bacteria or isolation and biochemical tests.  相似文献   

15.
Under experimental challenges, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish has been proposed as an infectious route of several pathogenic bacteria. Is this also the case for diseased fishponds? A field research was conducted to verify this hypothesis. A crucian carp (Carassius carassius) reared fishpond with motile Aeromonas septicaemia outbreak was sampled in this study. A total of 62 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated and identified. The clonal relationship among these strains was determined by sequencing the gyrB gene, ERIC‐PCR, RAPD‐PCR, and the presence of seven virulence genes. Strains with identical genotypes were further confirmed as the same clone by multilocus sequence typing analysis. Experimental infection assays were also conducted in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results show that the same clone strains identical to those in the blood of diseased fish existed in the intestinal digesta of diseased and uninfected fish. Regardless of their origins, all these strains were highly pathogenic to zebrafish. The result indicates that pathogenic strains of A. hydrophila had existed in the GI tract of fish before the infection occurred. This increases our knowledge on infectious route of A. hydrophila in crucian carp.  相似文献   

16.
Interrupting quorum sensing represents a novel anti‐infective strategy to combat bacterial pathogen, and biodegradation of quorum sensing signal AHLs has been proved to be an efficient way to control pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria in aquaculture. In this study, the effect of Bacillus firmus sw40 as efficient AHL‐degrading strain on virulence of fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and disease resistance of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio was investigated. The results demonstrated that in vitro the B. firmus sw40 extracellular production (ECP) was able to significantly decrease protease production, haemolytic activity and biofilm formation in A. hydrophila. Dietary administration of B. firmus sw40 (109 CFU/g) for 4 weeks significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines TNF‐1a, TNF‐2a and IFN‐γ genes expression, antioxidant parameter MDA and GSH levels in serum and increased antioxidant enzyme SOD activity. Besides, B. firmus sw40 could significantly increase the survival of gibel carp with pathogenic A. hydrophila infection.  相似文献   

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