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1.
鱼类通过摄食维持自身的生存、生长和繁殖,对鱼类摄食习性的空间异质性及其索饵场分布进行研究有助于了解鱼类在不同海域间的生长差异。本研究根据2011年及2013―2016年春季在海州湾进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,通过胃含物分析研究皮氏叫姑鱼(Johniusbelangerii)的摄食习性,依据胃含物分析结果选择主要饵料生物,结合皮氏叫姑鱼和主要饵料生物的空间分布,研究皮氏叫姑鱼摄食习性的空间异质性,并判别其索饵场。结果表明:皮氏叫姑鱼摄食的饵料生物共有20余种,其中虾类(IRI%=55.54%)和端足类(IRI%=35.94%)为优势饵料类群。基于胃含物分析和底拖网调查,选择海蜇虾(Latreutesanoplonyx)、细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsistenella)、鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus distinguendus)、疣背宽额虾(Latreutes planirostris)、细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)、戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)和中华安乐虾(Eualus sinensis) 8种饵料生物研究皮氏叫姑鱼摄食习性的空间异质性及其索饵场。摄食选择性的研究表明,海州湾春季的皮氏叫姑鱼喜食海蜇虾。本研究发现,皮氏叫姑鱼及其主要饵料生物资源丰度重心均位于海州湾中部10~20m深海域;海州湾中南部10~20m海域的饵料生物资源丰度显著高于其他海域(P0.05),而且该海域皮氏叫姑鱼的个体较小,生长速度较快,摄食强度较高,是其主要的索饵场。  相似文献   

2.
南海中北部尾明角灯鱼渔业生物学特性的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据2014年和2015年在南海中北部海域中层拖网采集的尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)样本,对其体长和体质量组成、性比、性腺成熟度和摄食等级等生物学特性进行了初步分析。结果显示,尾明角灯鱼的体长为32~76 mm,优势体长组为45~60 mm,占总数的86.9%,平均体长为(51.47±6.60)mm;体质量为0.3~4.3 g,优势体质量组为1.0~2.5 g,占总数的91.1%,平均体质量为(1.6±0.61)g;雌雄个体大小不存在显著差异(ANOVA,P0.05);生长参数b为2.581,表明尾明角灯鱼为异速生长;雌雄性比为1.39∶1,在不同月份、不同体长组中差异较大,10月和1月雌性比例远高于雄性;不同月份均有性成熟个体,性腺成熟度以Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期为主,性腺成熟比例最高为1月;初次性成熟体长为51.4 mm;摄食等级0~4级所占比例分别为10.8%、46%、33.9%、8.1%和1.3%。  相似文献   

3.
南海北部陆坡海域瓦氏眶灯鱼的渔业生物学特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
瓦氏眶灯鱼(Diaphus watasei)是深海虾拖网的主要副渔获物之一,对维持深海及陆坡生态系统的稳定性和多样性起到了重要作用。根据2015年6、8月及2017年3月在南海北部陆坡海域利用底层虾拖网及中层拖网采集的瓦氏眶灯鱼(Diaphus watasei)样品,对其生长、繁殖、摄食等生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,瓦氏眶灯鱼的体长范围为71~172 mm,平均118 mm;体重范围为5.25~66.20 g,平均26.05 g。雌雄个体体长、体重均存在极显著性差异(ANOVA,P0.01);总样本雌性体长与体重的关系式为:W♀=4×10~(-5)L~(2.7873)(R~2=0.9241,n=317),雄性体长和体重的关系式为:W♂=7×10~(-5)L~(2.6883)(R~2=0.9052,n=558)。雌雄性比为1:1.76,雄性明显多于雌性。性腺成熟度以II期为主,各月份均有性成熟个体,表明瓦氏眶灯鱼在全年多次产卵,其雌性初次性成熟体长L_(50%)为145.0 mm。瓦氏眶灯鱼摄食等级主要以1、2级为主,主要摄食安达曼钩腕乌贼(Abralia andamanica)、线小钩腕乌贼(Abraliopsis lineata)等头足类,同时还摄食七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)等小型中层鱼及拟须虾(Aristaeomorpha foliacea)等甲壳类,有时也会摄食同类。瓦氏眶灯鱼主要生活在底层海域,除少部分未成熟个体外,基本不进行昼夜垂直迁移。瓦氏眶灯鱼个体规格大,数量多,且基本不进行垂直迁移,是研究南海深海及陆坡生态系统的重要种类。  相似文献   

4.
为加深对南海北部蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)种群的结构特征认识,根据2014—2017年南海北部底拖网调查中蓝圆鲹的生物学数据,对该区域内蓝圆鲹群体的体长与体质量、性腺成熟度、摄食等级等生物学特征的组成与季节变化进行初步研究。结果显示,南海北部蓝圆鲹体长范围78~248 mm,平均体长146 mm,优势体长121~150 mm;体质量范围7.9~290.0 g,平均体质量52.0 g,优势体质量21.0~60.0 g;雌雄个体体长间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。体长与体质量的关系为W=8×10~(-6)L~(3.131 2),生长参数b=3.131 2,接近等速生长。雌雄性比1.5∶1。性腺成熟度以Ⅱ期为主,各月份均有性成熟的个体,冬、春季节性成熟个体都超过50%,为主要繁殖季节。雌性初次性成熟体长为170.9 mm。摄食等级以2级为主,随着体长的增加,摄食水平有升高的趋势。跟历史资料比较发现,南海北部蓝圆鲹性早熟、种群结构小型化的特征没有改变。  相似文献   

5.
荣成俚岛斑头鱼摄食生态研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2010年3月至2011年2月逐月采集荣成俚岛近海的743尾斑头鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus),探讨其摄食生态特征。结果表明,斑头鱼为底栖生物食性鱼类,摄食的饵料生物包括11个类群,主要摄食多毛类(Polychaeta),其次是鱼卵、海藻类、海草类、口足类(Stomatopoda)、端足类(Amphipoda)和鱼类等。食物组成随季节和体长而变化:除四季均大量摄食多毛类以外,春季还摄食口足类和虾类,夏季还摄食鱼类和蟹类,秋季还摄食鱼卵和鱼类,冬季摄食鱼卵比例最高;体长80 mm的斑头鱼喜食海草和海藻等植物性饵料,体长80~199 mm的个体喜食多毛类、鱼类和虾蟹类等,体长199 mm的个体主要摄食鱼类、多毛类和鱼卵等。摄食强度也随季节和体长而变化:夏季摄食强度最高,春季和秋季次之,冬季最低(不停食);体长100 mm的个体摄食强度最高,随着体长增加而逐渐下降,体长180 mm以上的个体又随体长和年龄的增大而逐渐升高。对斑头鱼5个饵料生物样品进行了DNA条形码鉴定,其中4个饵料生物样品鉴定到种,1个饵料生物样品鉴定到属。结论认为,斑头鱼的摄食习性会随季节、个体生长和栖息海域饵料生物的种类和丰度的不同而发生变化。  相似文献   

6.
南黄海三种石首鱼类的食性   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12  
薛莹 《水产学报》2005,29(2):178-187
根据2000—2002年秋季和冬季在南黄海进行的定点底拖网调查,利用多元统计分析方法,研究了黑鳃梅童(Collichthys niveatus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Jobnius belengerii)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)的食物组成及其差异,摄食随海区、季节和体长的变化,以及3种石首鱼类摄食器官的形态差异对摄食的影响。结果表明:(1)3种鱼的优势饵料生物各不相同,食物组成存在显著差异;(2)3种鱼的食物组成均随海区和季节的不同而有显著的差异;(3)3种鱼的食物组成和饵料多样性都有明显体长变化,黑鳃梅童和皮氏叫姑鱼的饵料多样性随体长的增大而升高,小黄鱼则相反;(4)黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼种内不同体长问的食物重叠指数较高,而皮氏叫姑鱼则较低,3种鱼的种问食物重叠指数位于0.50~0.56;(5)主成分分析(PCA)表明,黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼摄食器官的形态特征与皮氏叫姑鱼存在一定的差异。  相似文献   

7.
宋业晖  薛莹  徐宾铎  张崇良  任一平 《水产学报》2020,44(12):2017-2027
根据2011及2013年在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料和胃含物分析数据,应用多元统计分析法和生态位重叠指数法等,研究了海州湾皮氏叫姑鱼、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼3种石首鱼的食物组成及其营养—空间二维生态位的重叠情况。结果显示,皮氏叫姑鱼属于底栖动物食性,主要摄食虾类、端足类和多毛类;小黄鱼属于底栖动物和游泳动物食性,主要摄食鱼类、虾类、头足类和磷虾;棘头梅童鱼属于底栖动物食性,主要摄食虾类、毛虾类、磷虾和糠虾。这3种石首鱼的营养生态位宽度较为接近,其中小黄鱼的营养生态位宽度(2.69)和空间生态位宽度(2.78)均最高,皮氏叫姑鱼的营养生态位宽度(2.59)最低,而棘头梅童鱼的空间生态位宽度(2.42)最低。3种石首鱼的营养生态位重叠指数为0.24~0.46,其中皮氏叫姑鱼与棘头梅童鱼的营养生态位重叠最高。它们的空间生态位重叠指数为0.19~0.30,表明这3种鱼在空间方面存在一定的分隔。它们的营养—空间二维生态位重叠指数为0.05~0.11,其中皮氏叫姑鱼与棘头梅童鱼的重叠指数最高,因此有可能发生激烈的食物竞争,而小黄鱼与皮氏叫姑鱼和棘头梅童鱼之间则可以通过营养和空间生态位的分化来降低种间竞争。  相似文献   

8.
根据2014年6—7月和10—11月于西北太平洋公海两航次采集的秋刀鱼样本,分析其性别比例、体长和体质量组成、摄食等级,以探究其生长、性腺及繁殖特性。研究结果表明,随着月份的增大,秋刀鱼雌性比例逐渐降低,雄性占比升高;6、7月雌、雄样本优势体长组与体质量组范围均较10、11月小;体长和体质量关系中,秋刀鱼雌性生长系数为3.24,雄性为2.82;各月样本胃饱满度以1级为主,F检验表明,除0级外,4个月内各摄食等级间呈显著差异(P0.01);秋刀鱼雌、雄样本性腺发育以Ⅱ期为主,各性腺等级间差异不显著(P0.05),雌性性腺指数在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内大于雄性,Ⅴ、Ⅵ期内相反,逻辑斯蒂方程表明,秋刀鱼50%性成熟体长雌性为284.7 mm,雄性为267.4 mm;雌性秋刀鱼绝对繁殖力为1032~17 708粒/尾,平均值为(5522±3196)粒/尾,绝对繁殖力高的个体体长和体质量分别为280~320 mm、110~150 g。  相似文献   

9.
长江口外海域龙头鱼营养生态学特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用2009年9月至2010年8月在东海北部、黄海南部海域获取的龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)样品,采用胃含物分析法,对龙头鱼的摄食习性进行了研究。结果表明,龙头鱼摄食饵料种类有39种,鱼类是其主要饵料类群,所占质量百分比为84.13%。优势饵料种类为龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、细条天竺鱼(Apogonichthys lineatus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)等。龙头鱼的摄食强度秋季最高,冬季最低;食物组成季节变化明显,春季主要摄食虾类,其他季节则主要以鱼类为食;不同生长发育阶段的食物组成及摄食强度具有显著差异,体长为100 mm和250 mm处存在食性转换现象,并在体长250 mm时表现为由广食性向狭食性转换的特征,摄食选择性增强。龙头鱼营养级为3.80,在东、黄海食物网中处于较高的营养层次。  相似文献   

10.
利用2017年8月—2018年4月采集单船底层拖网调查的白姑鱼渔业生物学数据,研究了闽南-台湾浅滩渔场白姑鱼体长组成、体质量组成、体长与体质量关系、性比、性腺成熟度和摄食等级等渔业生物学特性。结果表明,白姑鱼体长范围为45~202 mm,优势体长组为120~150 mm,占总数48. 4%;体质量范围为2. 0~219. 0 g,优势体质量组为40. 0~70. 0 g,占总数43. 0%。各月份之间体长均值和分布均存在显著性差异(F=25. 161,P 0. 05);体长与体质量关系为W=2. 560×10-5L2. 971 7(R2=0. 983 8);雌雄性比为2. 16∶1,性腺成熟度以Ⅱ期为主,占86. 32%,未发现有Ⅴ期及以上样本;摄食等级以0~1级为主,占样本总数71. 11%,各月份摄食等级也存在显著性差异(F=10. 346,P 0. 05)。本次调查白姑鱼达到可捕体长的仅占16. 1%,说明拖网作业对幼鱼的损害比较严重。为持续利用白姑鱼资源,建议加强生殖群体和幼鱼群体的保护。  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT:   Studies were conducted on growth and reproduction of the red frog crab, Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Andaman Sea off Thailand from 1998 to 1999. Samples were collected from Ko Similan, Ko Surin and Thai-Myanmar boundary waters by gill net. Results showed that the relationship between carapace length (CL) and body weight (BW) for males (CL, 5.84–14.10 cm) was BW = 0.2598 CL3.0931, and for females (CL, 5.35–10.97 cm) was BW = 0.4280 CL2.8656. Growth in each gender showed allometric growth. The average CL of males was significantly larger than that of females. Average male and female crab sizes in 1999 were smaller than in 1998. The spawning season was found to be from November to February; maturing male crabs were abundant from September to December. Average sizes of CL at first maturity for males and females were 7.44 and 7.22 cm, respectively. Fecundity ranges of ovigerous female crabs were 74 600–167 900 eggs with an average egg diameter of 0.62 mm. The monthly sex ratios (male : female) varied between 1:0.56 and 1:2.77.  相似文献   

12.
为了解雅鲁藏布江扁头(鮡)种群的生物学特征, 制定合理的渔业资源管理和保护对策, 于2012年4-9月、2016年3-9月采集西藏帕隆藏布支流东久河、鲁朗河和拉月曲的695 尾扁头(鮡)(Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis),以耳石为年龄材料, 进行年龄与生长特征研究.结果表明: 扁头(鮡)群体样本体长分布范围为56~179 mm, 雌雄体长分布有显著差异, 范围分别为94~158 mm和98~179 mm; 群体年龄范围为2~20龄, 雄鱼年龄为5~18龄, 雌鱼年龄为6~20龄; 体长体重关系式为: W=3.330 6 × 10 -5SL2.81(n=695, R2=0.838), t检验表明种群为异速生长类型.采用von Bertalanffy方程拟合生长方程, 雌雄鱼体长生长方程分别为: Lt♀=165.97 [1 -e-0.107(t+3.172)], Lt♂=200.31 [1 -e-0.073(t+3.933)]; 雌雄鱼的生长拐点分别为6.24 龄和10.52 龄, 对应体长为105 mm和130 mm, 对应体重为16.44 g和28.96 g.由于扁头(鮡)生长缓慢, 为保证扁头(鮡)种群资源的可持续利用, 在捕捞时建议选择大于130 mm的个体.  相似文献   

13.
赛里木湖高白鲑繁殖生物学特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1999~2003年对赛里木湖高白鲑(Coregonus peled)繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明:雄性个体多在1^ 龄达到性成熟,为96.1%;雌性个体1^ 龄达到性成熟的为18.2%,其余多在2^ 龄达到性成熟。其繁殖期为12月下旬到第二年1月份,雄性从9月到第二年1月都有流精个体;雌性绝对怀卵量平均为133360粒,相对怀卵量平均为82粒/g,繁殖期平均卵径为1.70mm。其体长与繁殖力关系方程为:F=0.01401L^4.3948(r=0.857)。体重与繁殖力关系方程为:F=130.121W-64196(r=0.898)。本还系统地描述各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及周年变化。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract– The age, growth and reproduction of Barbus bocagei sclateri (Günther, 1868) were studied from November 1987 to September 1989 in a tributary stream of the Guadalquivir River basin. The maximum ages observed were 8 + in males and 11 + in females. The seasonal growth began in April and lasted 4–6 months. The males matured during their third year of life (2 +) and females during their fifth/sixth year (4 +/5+). There was a significant difference in the overall sex ratio of 1. 3: 1 (961 males to 740 females). Reproductive activity started in April/May and lasted until June/July. The end of the reproduction period coincided with a fall in the percentage of oxygen saturation. During this reproductive period, females spawned 2 batches of eggs. The relationship between fecundity (Fec) and fork length (FL, mm) was: Fec= 7.54 × 10−4 FL3.06 The maximum contribution to the fecundity of the population was observed in the 6 + female group. The reproductive effort was also maximum in this age. Compared with the rest of the European barbel populations studied, the life-history patterns of this stock are characterized by low annual growth, early maturity, reduced longevity and high fecundity.  相似文献   

15.
To determine how stock abundance fluctuations of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma are related to variations in reproductive characteristics, the length at 50% maturity of the fish sampled off the Pacific coast of northern Japan from 1990 to 1999 was examined. In both sexes, the fish density increased, and the body length of age-3-5 fish decreased, but the condition factor and the age at 50% maturity showed no clear trend during this period. Male length at 50% maturity decreased, while value for females showed no clear trend. In both sexes, significant negative correlations were found between density index (combined age-3-5) and each body length at age-3-5. Significant positive correlations were seen between each body length at age-3-5 and length at 50% maturity in males. Positive correlation between body length at age-5 and length at 50% maturity was significant in females from 1990 to 1999, except for the samples in 1998. We suggest that the fish density might affect the length at maturity in males and possibly also in females.  相似文献   

16.
韩飞  陈新军  林东明  宣思鹏 《水产学报》2019,43(12):2511-2522
现生头足类的性腺发育滞后于个体生长,研究其生殖投入方式对于掌握它们的生长发育过程有着重要的意义。为此,本实验利用形态学和残差指标分析方法,对东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼的体征生长及其生殖投入进行了分析。结果显示,雌、雄个体均为匀速生长,雌性个体性腺成熟的最小胴长和最小体质量分别为270 mm和766 g,雄性个体性腺成熟的最小胴长和最小体质量分别为270 mm和479 g。雌、雄个体的空胃率低,摄食等级以1~2级为主;随着月份推移,个体的体征质量逐步趋好,在性腺发育阶段最差。雌性成熟个体的性腺指数平均值为2.26%±1.33%,缠卵腺指数平均值为34.34%±18.62%;雄性成熟个体的性腺指数平均值为1.31%±0.35%。雌、雄个体二者的体征指标与生殖投入指标均呈显著的正相关关系;随着性腺发育,体征指标和生殖投入指标呈下降趋势;随着胃饱满度等级增加,体征指标呈下降趋势,生殖投入指标则呈上升趋势。研究表明,茎柔鱼在性腺发育过程中持续摄食生长,生殖投入倾向于外源性,肌肉组织存储能量部分转化以满足生殖发育所需。  相似文献   

17.
SUMMARY: Growth and reproduction of hatchery-reared Chinese white prawn Penaeus chinensis released in the Ariake Sea, Japan, were examined. Chinese white prawn grew rapidly, reaching a body length of 154 mm in males and 198 mm in females by November (219–229 days after hatching). Maximum body length of sampled individuals was 164 mm in males and 223 mm in females. Growth curve of the Chinese white prawn was fitted to the Pitcher and MacDonald's formula, Lt = 155.0{1 − e 2.925sin[2π(t − 16.151)/365] − 0.0623( t − 10.712)} for males and the logistic curve, Lt = 200.3/[1 + e (1.985–0.034 t )] for females (where Lt is the body length t days after release and t is the number of days after release). Females reached sexual maturity in late February and spawning occurred until April. Minimum size at ripe and spawned stages was 189 mm and 193 mm body length, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
The population structure of Aphanius fasciatus in the Mesolongi and Etolikon lagoonal system was studied, using 5794 fish. Significant differences were observed in the number of individuals of each sex, the age and size composition and survival. The overall males to females sex ratio was 1:2.44, although there was seasonal variation. During the reproductive period the percentage of males in the population decreased significantly, while after reproduction and during recruitment they increased. The females in each age class were larger than the males (40.33 mm and 36.72 mean total length for females and males, respectively). The survival rate of females was greater than males (0.73 for females and 0.60 for males). The strategy of this species is to invest in female individuals.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT:   Common silver biddy Gerres oyena were collected monthly between November 2002 and November 2005 in Okinawa Island of southern Japan. The seasonal reproductive cycle of this species was investigated using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and through histological observation of gonads. Temporal variation in the GSI reflected gonadal development from histological observations; ovary development occurred from March to September and testes development occurred between March and August. Maximal development was observed in April and May in both sexes. While mean values for hepatosomatic and lipidosomatic indices decreased markedly in females relative to males during gonadal development, mean condition factors decreased with gonadal recrudescence in both sexes. The minimum standard length (SL) at sexual maturity was 89.7 mm for females and 81.4 mm for males and the size at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature was 104 and 92 mm SL in females and males, respectively. The power relationships of batch fecundity (BF) versus standard length (SL, mm) and body weight (BW, g) of females can be expressed as BF  = 46.7 × e1.64 SL and BF  = 19 697 × e0.49 BW , respectively.  相似文献   

20.
The reproductive biology of female Pasiphaea japonica, including the minimum size of females carrying embryos, spawning and hatching seasons, and brood size, was examined in Toyama Bay, central Japan, during 2004 through 2007. Sampling was conducted onboard a commercial seiner and a fisheries research vessel. The minimum size of ovigerous females was 47.7 mm body length. The percent occurrence of ovigerous females increased with body size, reaching 50% at 57.9 mm body length. Ovigerous females occurred all year round with a seasonal change in percent occurrence, ranging between 41.5 and 94.3% of the total observed females. Consequently, reproduction in females seems to occur throughout the year in Toyama Bay, with seasonal differences in reproductive intensity. Spawning intensity was high during April–July and October–January based on the occurrence of the early developmental stage of embryos, while hatching intensity was high in October–May based on the occurrence of embryos just before hatching. Brood sizes were similar at the same size of body length regardless of embryo stage, except just after spawning.  相似文献   

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