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1.
本实验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、肝胰腺消化酶活性以及肠道形态的影响。酵母水解物添加量分别为0%、1%、3%和5%,配制4种等氮等脂(42.5%粗蛋白和8.5%粗脂肪)的实验饲料。选取初始体重为(1.86±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果表明饲料中添加5%酵母水解物组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于对照组(P0.05),而该组饲料系数(FCR)最低(P0.05)。对虾全虾粗蛋白含量随饲料中酵母水解物的增加而呈上升趋势,且5%酵母水解物添加组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加5%的酵母水解物显著提高了凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)含量,降低了谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性(P0.05)。各处理组肝胰腺淀粉酶活性和对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但3%酵母水解物添加组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3%酵母水解物添加组的对虾肠道皱襞高度和皱襞宽度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而5%添加组的微绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加3%~5%的酵母水解物能有效改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、提高饲料利用率、促进消化吸收以及改善肠道形态学指标。  相似文献   

2.
李静  李晓丽  王玲  鲁康乐  宋凯  张春晓 《水产学报》2022,46(10):1848-1859
[目的]本实验旨在研究低鱼粉饲料 中添加羟基蛋氨酸硒(HMSe)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、抗氧化能力及抗亚硝酸盐胁迫的影响。[方法]实验选用初始体质量为(0.90±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾,分别投喂HMSe添加水平为0.000、0.375、0.750、1.500和2.250 mg/kg的实验饲料,命名为HMSe0 、HMSe1、HMSe2、HMSe3和HMSe4,每组3个重复,养殖8周。养殖实验结束后,进行12 h 的亚硝酸盐胁迫实验。[结果]结果表明,凡纳滨对虾的终末体质量(FBW)、增重率(WG R)和饲料效率(FE)随着饲料中HMSe水平的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势,并在HMSe2组达到峰值。随着饲料中HMSe水平的提高,对虾全体和肌肉中的硒含量均显著增加,而全虾粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并分别在HMSe2组和HMSe1组达到最大值。HMSe4组中凡纳滨对虾的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和肝胰腺过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于HMSe0组。亚硝酸盐胁迫显著影响凡纳滨对虾的存活率。与胁迫前比较,胁迫后对虾肝胰腺中MDA含量升高,GST、CAT和T-SOD的活性降低,而补充适量的HMSe可减轻这些负面影响。根据凡纳滨对虾胁迫后成活率的二次多项式回归分析,低鱼粉饲料中凡纳滨对虾的HMSe最适添加量为1.350 mg/kg。[结论]综上所述,在低鱼粉饲料中添加0.750~1.350 mg/kg HMSe,能够提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、饲料利用率和抗亚硝酸盐胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

3.
在水温28~33℃、盐度27~31条件下,将体质量(0.340±0.001)g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分养到18个380L玻璃钢桶中,每桶放虾40尾,投喂在基础饲料中分别添加40mg/kg源于七水硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌、甘氨酸锌、美多C-锌A型(结合型)和美多C-锌B型(包被型)锌的饲料(含锌量为78.28~86.18mg/kg),对照组不添加(含锌36.62mg/kg),喂养8周,每个处理3个重复。试验结果表明,锌添加组虾的质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中蛋氨酸锌组最佳,饲料系数最低。锌添加组全虾粗脂肪和肝体比高于对照组,全虾粗蛋白及除美多C-锌B型组外的全虾粗灰分低于对照组(P0.05)。美多C-锌B型组凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白含量最高,其次为蛋氨酸锌组;硫酸锌组虾血清甘油三酯和胆固醇均最高。蛋氨酸锌组虾血清总超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活性最高。锌添加组全虾锌含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),硫酸锌组虾肌肉锌含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他组与对照组和硫酸锌组无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,蛋氨酸锌促进凡纳滨对虾生长,提升免疫力的效果最佳,是饲料中适宜的锌源。  相似文献   

4.
以平均体质量为(5.66±0.14)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,分别投喂含聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)质量分数为0%(对照组)、1%、3%和5%的对虾配合饲料,饲养35 d后检测并比较不同水平PHB对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺免疫和消化指标的影响。结果显示,3%PHB添加组凡纳滨对虾的总抗氧化能力和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。Toll基因表达量随PHB含量的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,其中1%和3%PHB添加组的表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组HSP70基因表达量显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。5%PHB添加组的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著升高(P0.05),而脂肪酶活性无显著变化(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适量的PHB有利于增强凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的消化和非特异性免疫能力。  相似文献   

5.
以凡纳滨对虾为试验对象,探讨在饲料中添加2 mg/kg的辣椒碱对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫等方面的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组饲料中添加2 mg/kg辣椒碱后,凡纳滨对虾的生长性能指标显著改善,成活率、饲料系数显著优于对照组(P<0.05),血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰腺免疫抗氧化指标(MDA、SOD、CAT)水平及健康状况亦有所提升。  相似文献   

6.
本实验旨在研究外源核苷酸混合物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长性能、体组成、中肠肠道形态和抗氧化酶活力的影响。选取960尾初始体质量为(1.01±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为8组,分别投喂基础饲料和添加5种核苷酸混合物(5′-腺苷酸∶5′-胞苷酸∶5′-尿苷酸二钠∶5′-肌苷酸二钠∶5′-鸟苷酸二钠=1∶1∶1∶1∶1,mix-NT)的实验饲料,各实验组添加量分别为0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 g/kg饲料,养殖期为7周。结果显示,饲料中添加5种核苷酸混合物对凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数(FCR)影响不显著(P>0.05)。外源核苷酸显著影响凡纳滨对虾全虾水分含量(P<0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰指数(HSI)随饲料中核苷酸添加量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),在0.6 g/kg组达到最高。0.4 g/kg组的肝胰腺谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力及尿酸(UA)含量最低,但与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。中肠肠壁厚度和肠绒毛高度均随着核苷酸添加量的增加呈先升高...  相似文献   

7.
在水温(27±1)℃下,将初始体质量为(13.00±0.20)g的黑鲷幼鱼放入容积为310L(水体260L)的微流水玻璃缸内,投喂含蛋白41.57%、脂肪13.63%等氮等能基础饲料(对照组)及在其中添加2.35mg/kg硒化多糖和0.88mg/kg的亚硒酸钠(使外源硒添加量均为0.4mg/kg)的试验饲料8周,研究了不同类型的外源硒对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能、体组成和血清免疫指标的影响。试验结果显示,黑鲷幼鱼摄食添加了硒化多糖和亚硒酸钠的饲料时,其特定生长率、血清免疫球蛋白M、补体C3、补体C4的含量以及肝脏和肌肉中硒的含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且添加硒化多糖组的上述指标显著高于添加亚硒酸钠组(P0.05);饲料中添加硒化多糖和亚硒酸钠对黑鲷幼鱼的形体指标和体组成无显著影响(P0.05)。试验结果表明,添加适量的外源硒能显著提高黑鲷幼鱼的生长性能和血清免疫活性,且有机硒的生物利用率显著高于无机硒。  相似文献   

8.
为探明使用经氨基酸平衡后的酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化机能的影响,分别用酵母提取物替代饲料中15 %(B)、30 %(C)、45 %(D)、60 %(E)和100 %(F)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮、等能的试验饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾(6.328±0.630 g),以鱼粉含量为25 %的饲料为对照组(A)。饲养7 d后开始收集粪便,测定凡纳滨对虾对饲料的表观消化率。养殖试验结束后,研究酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化酶的影响。试验结果:凡纳滨对虾对各组饲料均具有较高的干物质表观消化率(77.96 %~81.21 %)和粗蛋白表观消化率(87.19 %~92.82 %);各替代组饲料的表观消化率均高于对照组,其中C、E和F组的干物质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率随酵母提取物用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中类胰蛋白酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05);肝胰腺中淀粉酶活性最高的为C组;各替代组凡纳滨对虾的肠胰蛋白酶活性均高于对照组。结果表明,以氨基酸平衡酵母提取物替代饲料中的鱼粉可以提高凡纳滨对虾对饲料的消化机能。  相似文献   

9.
为研究复合酶制剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血淋巴生化指标和免疫性能的影响,选用初始体重为(0.40±0.02)g的虾苗240尾,随机分为两组,对照组投喂基础饲料,试验组饲料中添加0.04%复合酶制剂,试验为期10周。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组凡纳滨对虾生长性能无显著变化(P>0.05),但存活率有降低的趋势;对虾体成分有显著变化(P<0.05);试验组对虾肝胰腺中T-AOC、血浆中TCHO和TG含量显著提高(P<0.05),肝胰腺中AKP、SOD、GOT活性和血浆中GLU含量显著降低(P<0.05)。可见,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加0.04%复合酶制剂能有效改善凡纳滨对虾体成分组成,提高其对饲料中营养物质的消化吸收,增强其抗氧化能力,对其肝脏有明显的保护作用。  相似文献   

10.
研究了饲料中添加酵母培养物(益康XP)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)制剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长、肌肉成分、蛋白酶活性和免疫功能的影响。在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加0.075%益康XP、0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌,饲养均重(5.57±0.21)g的凡纳滨对虾45 d。结果表明,添加0.075%益康XP、0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌分别提高凡纳滨对虾增重率17.24%、12.29%、20.18%,降低饲料系数14.28%、9.77%、12.03%,提高蛋白质效率16.49%、10.05%、12.98%(P<0.05);添加酵母培养物和芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉组成成分没有影响(P>0.05);0.075%益康XP组、0.100%益康XP组、0.200%芽孢杆菌组肝胰脏蛋白酶活性较对照组分别提高25.24%、15.22%、54.92%(P<0.05);各试验组肠蛋白酶活性与对照组相比有所提高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05);0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌组凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶活性、溶菌酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);攻毒实验表明,感染溶藻弧菌后,芽孢杆菌组对虾第1、3、4天的累积死亡率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),第4天时的免疫保护率达到27.1%,而添加益康XP对累积死亡率无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加酵母培养物益康XP和芽孢杆菌均能改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能和消化功能,芽孢杆菌能增强凡纳滨对虾对溶藻弧菌的抗感染功能。  相似文献   

11.
在水温13℃、盐度27、pH 8.1的条件下,将初始体质量为(54.97±9.49)g的仿刺参成参和(2.28±0.26)g的幼参饲养在水槽中,分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0.3mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸、硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠的试验饲料,以未添加硒的基础饲料作为对照组,每个试验组设3个重复。60d后,成参组继续投喂基础饲料60d,幼参组45d,中间每隔5d测定一次硒含量。试验结果表明,成参组中,体壁硒含量衰减速度依次为硒酸钠组亚硒酸钠组硒代蛋氨酸组;幼参组中,体壁硒含量衰减速度依次为亚硒酸钠组硒酸钠组硒代蛋氨酸组。研究表明,富硒成参生产过程中最佳硒添加剂为硒代蛋氨酸。  相似文献   

12.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary choline levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolites in juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to supply 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 10,000 mg/kg choline chloride, and dietary choline levels were analysed to be 1,317 (basal diet), 1,721, 2,336, 3,294, 5,421 and 9,495 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary choline levels significantly influenced percent weight gain (PWG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), with the highest PWG was observed in shrimp fed the 5,421 mg/kg choline diet. However, there were no significant differences in proximate composition of whole body and muscle. Shrimp fed the diet containing 2,336 mg/kg choline had lower HDL and LDL in haemolymph than those fed the basal diet (1,317 mg/kg diet). Dietary choline prevented the accumulation of free radicals and improved antioxidant capacity by increasing catalase activity and reducing malondialdehyde content. Based on broken‐line regression and quadratic regression analysis between PWG against dietary choline levels, the optimal choline requirements were estimated to be 3,254.1 and 6,488.3 mg/kg for juvenile L. vannamei, respectively.  相似文献   

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14.
水温21~26℃下,分别在基础饲料中添加不同含量的维生素C(以抗坏血酸多聚磷酸酯为维生素C源,添加量分别为0、50、120、240、360、500mg/kg),研究维生素C对(1.996±0.176)g泥鳅幼鱼的影响。试验结果表明,随着维生素C添加量的增加,泥鳅幼鱼的特定生长率呈现先升后降趋势,并在添加量为132.2mg/kg时达到最高值,显著高于其他几个试验组(P0.05)。组织和肌肉中的维生素C积累量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加呈先升后降趋势,在132.2mg/kg时和248.8mg/kg时分别达到最高。随着饲料中维生素C含量的增加,溶菌酶活性也呈现出先升后降趋势,在362.6mg/kg时达到最高,显著高于其他组(P0.05);血清总抗氧化能力呈上升趋势,以特定生长率和血清溶菌酶含量为指标,做折线模型回归分析最终求得泥鳅幼鱼饲料中维生素C的最适添加量分别为95mg/kg和423.3mg/kg。  相似文献   

15.
在水温(21±1)℃和盐度20±1下,将体质量(95.45±5.29)g的半滑舌鳎饲养在78cm×58cm×46cm水槽中,投喂按0、5、10、15g/kg添加贯众、当归、黄芪的饲料,每箱20尾,每个水平3个重复,7d、14d和21d时尾柄采血,测定总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。试验结果表明,14d时,贯众剂量为15g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),14d和21d时,各剂量组丙二醛含量均低于对照组;14d时,当归剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值;21d时,黄芪剂量为10g/kg组的丙二醛含量值显著低于对照组(P0.05),21d时,黄芪剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值,不同剂量的黄芪对过氧化氢酶活力有显著影响,但均低于对照组(P0.05);7d时,各组总抗氧化能力达到最高值。试验表明,单独添加贯众、当归及黄芪均不同程度地影响半滑舌鳎血液的抗氧化指标。  相似文献   

16.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary selenium (Se) on feed intake, weight gain and antioxidant activity in juvenile grass carp (11.2 ± 0.03 g). Six Se levels (0.13, 0.41, 0.56, 1.12, 2.18 and 4.31 mg/kg) of semi‐purified diets were assayed in triplicate. The maximum weight gain, specific growth rate and feed intake were obtained in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was markedly increased when dietary Se ≤1.12 mg/kg diet and reached a plateau when dietary Se ≥1.12 mg/kg diet. Hepatic superoxide dismutase and serum catalase activities in juvenile grass carp fed with 0.56, 1.12 and 2.18 mg Se/kg diets were all significantly higher than those in the other groups. The malondialdehyde content in liver and serum was firstly decreased and then increased with increasing dietary Se content, and the lowest content was observed in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. With the increase in Se level, the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were reduced. In addition, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin content were highest in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. This study indicated that both the Se deficiency and excess of Se caused negative effect on the oxidative stress in juvenile grass carp and suggested that the health‐giving concentration of dietary inorganic Se was 1.12 mg/kg diet. Moreover, based on the broken‐line regression analysis of weight gain, the optimal concentration of dietary inorganic Se was 0.83 mg/kg for juvenile grass carp.  相似文献   

17.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methionine supplementation when reducing fishmeal levels in diets for white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Tested diets consisted of a positive control with 260 g/kg fishmeal (D1), two negative controls with 100 g/kg fishmeal and no amino acid (AA) supplementation (D2) or supplemented with lysine but not methionine (D3), and four additional diets with 100g/kg fishmeal supplemented with increasing levels of DL‐Met (1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g/kg) (D4, D5, D6) or Met‐Met (1.0 g/kg) (D7). Each diet was fed to four groups of 30 shrimp for 8 weeks at a daily rate of 70 g/kg body weight. Reduction in fishmeal from 260 g/kg down to 100 g/kg did not significantly affect survival rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) or protein retention efficiency (PR%) of white shrimp. However, growth performance (final body weight, FBW; weight gain, WG; specific growth rate, SGR) was reduced when dietary fishmeal level was reduced from 260 g/kg (D1) to 100 g/kg without methionine supplementation (D2). The growth performance (FBW, WG and SGR) of shrimp was significantly increased by supplementation of the 100 g/kg fishmeal diet with increasing levels of DL‐Met (< .05). Same performance as positive control (D1) was achieved with diets containing 100 g/kg fishmeal and supplemented with 3.0 g/kg DL‐Met or 1.0 g/kg Met‐Met. The highest values of growth performance (FBW, WG and SGR) were found in shrimp fed D6 and D7 diets, which were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed D2 and D3 diets (< .05) but without statistical differences with shrimp fed D1, D4 and D5 diets (> .05). The highest values of whole‐body and muscle protein contents were found in shrimp fed D1 diet, which were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed all other diets (< .05). The highest value of intestinal tract proteolytic enzyme activity was found in shrimp fed Met‐Met‐supplemented diet (D7) and followed by the positive control diet (D1) and 3 g/kg DL‐Met‐supplemented diet (D6) (< .05). The highest values of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein were found in Met‐Met‐supplemented diet (D7) and followed by the positive control diet (D1) (< .05). Shrimp fed the D1 diet showed the highest value of total essential amino acid (EAA) and was significantly higher than shrimp fed D2–D3 (< .05) but without significant difference with shrimp fed D4–D7 (> .05). In conclusion, results showed that same performance can be achieved with diets containing 260 or 100 g/kg fishmeal supplemented with 3.0 g/kg DL‐Met or 1.0 g/kg Met‐Met. Moreover, supplementation of limiting methionine in low‐fishmeal diets seems to improve the digestive proteolytic activity, improving digestibility of dry matter and protein, and eventually to promote growth of juvenile white shrimp in fishmeal reduction diets.  相似文献   

18.
In the present study, the effects of different sources of selenium (Se; sodium selenite or selenomethionine) supplementation on the growth and serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), 8‐isoprostane, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity] and muscle Se, MDA and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels in rainbow trouts were evaluated. The fish (n = 360; 0 + years old) with initial average weight of 20 ± 0.8 g were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 fish each in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (stocking densities, Se sources, Se levels). The fish were kept at low (25 kg m?3) or high (100 kg m?3) stocking densities and fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.15 or 0.30 mg of Se kg?1 of diet from two different forms: sodium selenite or selenomethionine. High stocking density decreased weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) when basal diet was fed (P = 0.001). A linear increase in feed intake and weight gain and improvement in FCR were found in sodium selenite (P = 0.01)‐ or selenomethionine (P = 0.001)‐supplemented fish reared under crowding conditions. Serum and muscle Se levels and serum GSH‐Px activity increased (P = 0.001) linearly, whereas serum and muscle MDA concentrations and serum 8‐isoprostane decreased linearly as dietary sodium selenite (P = 0.01) or selenomethionine (P = 0.001) supplementation increased. Selenomethionine and sodium selenite supplementation decreased Hsp70 in the muscle of fish reared under crowding conditions (P < 0.05). Supplementation with Se improved growth and antioxidant status of fish and the effects of selenomethionine were relatively greater than sodium selenite in the crowded groups. Results suggest that crowding conditions cause significant detrimental effects in rainbow trout indicated by increased oxidative stress, reduced feed intake and body weight gain. ?t also indicates that dietary Se supplementation offers a feasible way of reducing the losses in performance of rainbow trout reared under crowding conditions. Selenomethionine seems to be more effective than sodium selenite and the higer dose in the present study also seems to be more effective than the lower dose.  相似文献   

19.
A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary selenium (Se) requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. The basal diet was formulated to contain 50.6% crude protein from vitamin‐free casein, gelatin. A control diet (no added seleno‐dl ‐methionine) and five experimental diets containing 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.00 mg seleno‐dl ‐methionine kg?1 were prepared. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of juvenile cobia with initial weight 6.27±0.03 g in a flow‐through system. The Se concentration in rearing water was monitored during the feeding period, and was not detectable. The dietary Se level significantly influenced the survival, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency and the Se concentrations in the whole body and vertebra of cobia. The Se‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.119) activity increased with an increase in the dietary Se levels (P<0.05). Hepatic glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity was the highest in fish fed the diet with 0.21 mg Se kg?1, and declined with an increase in the dietary Se levels. Based on broke‐line regression of SGR, the Se concentration in the whole body and vertebra, the Se requirements of juvenile cobia were 0.788, 0.811 and 0.793 mg Se kg?1 diet in the form of seleno‐dl ‐methionine respectively.  相似文献   

20.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT)‐rich yeast supplementation on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 g/kg of NT‐rich yeast, respectively. A total of 480 shrimp with an average initial body weight of 1.86 ± 0.02 g were randomly allocated into four groups, with four replicates per group and 30 shrimp each replicate. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast had significantly higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the control diet, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplemental diet. However, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. The crude protein of whole shrimp in the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group was higher than that in the control group. Total protein, triglyceride concentrations, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly influenced by the dietary NT‐rich yeast supplementation. The activities of serum phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) of shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast were higher than those in shrimp fed the other diets. Relative expressions of alp and lzm significantly upregulated in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group compared to the control group. The intestinal fold height and fold width in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group were significantly higher than those fed the control diet; and the highest microvillus height occurred in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast diet. In summary, dietary 30–50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplementation promotes growth performance, enhances innate immunity and improves intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei.  相似文献   

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