不同硒源对虹鳟生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响

在以鱼粉为主要蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加亚硒酸钠和硒酵母，使饲料中硒的含量达到1．5％、2．0％、2．5％、3．0％。基础饲料设为对照组，不添加外源硒，对照组的硒含量为1．0％。在水温10℃～15℃、溶解氧5．6mg／L的条件下，对初始体重150g的虹鳟进行为期50d的生长对比试验。实验结束后取鱼的肝脏及血清，分别测定其超氧化物岐化酶（SoD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力及总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）、丙二醛（MDA）的值。结果表明：虹鳟鱼的增重率、饲料利用率各组之间差异不显著。各组之间的SOD、GSH—Px、T—AOC、MDA没有显著差异。因此在以鱼粉为主要蛋白源的虹鳟鱼饲料中添加外源硒，对虹鳟的生长及抗氧化能力没有显著影响。     

不同溶解氧水平对青海湖裸鲤肝组织结构及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究不同溶解氧水平对青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)肝组织结构、线粒体超微结构及抗氧化酶活性的影响,选取120尾平均体重为(97.68±0.12) g的青海湖裸鲤,随机分为三组:中度低氧组(3.0±0.1) mg/L、重度低氧组(0.7±0.1) mg/L和常氧组(8.4±0.1) mg/L,于低氧胁迫8 h和24 h,观察肝组织结构并检测线粒体膜电位及抗氧化酶活性。结果显示:中度和重度低氧胁迫使青海湖裸鲤肝血窦扩张,血窦内红细胞数量增多,中度低氧对肝组织显微和线粒体超微结构未造成损伤,线粒体排列整齐,形态正常,但重度低氧使肝细胞出现空泡化,且随低氧胁迫时间延长肝细胞空泡变性更严重,重度低氧24 h时线粒体数量减少,部分线粒体出现空泡化。肝组织线粒体膜电位在中度低氧胁迫后显著升高,重度低氧胁迫后显著降低。中度和重度低氧胁迫使肝组织过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性显著升高,但对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无影响;中度低氧对丙二醛(MDA)含量无影响,但重度低氧使MDA含量显著增加。结果表明,低氧胁迫对青海湖裸鲤肝组织造成氧化应激,但中度低氧对肝组织结构和线粒体未造成损伤,重度低氧导致肝组织结构及线粒体损伤,且低氧胁迫后肝组织通过调整相关抗氧化酶活性提高其低氧适应能力。     

饲料中添加硫酸锌对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长和机体抗氧化功能的影响

试验以硫酸锌为锌源,评价不同锌水平对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼(Oreochrvmis aureus ♂×Oreochromis niloticus♂)生长和抗氧化能力的影响.体质量为(4.13±0.32)g罗非鱼随机分配在18个水族箱中,每箱20尾,每3个箱为1个处理组,分别以添加锌为0、20、40、80、160和320 mg·kg-1的6种饲料投喂,日投喂率为鱼体重5%～9%.8周的试验结果表明:20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的增重率和鱼体蛋白含量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),蛋白质效率、饲料转化率也明显高于其它各组;全鱼脂肪含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而升高,但320 mg·kg-1锌饲料组降低;20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组,脊椎骨中锌离子浓度达到最大值且显著高于0 mg·kg-1锌饲料组(P<0.05);20 mg·kg-1与40 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的血液中红细胞数量显著高于其它各添加组(P<0.05),20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的血液中血比容显著高于0 mg·kg-1组(P<0.05),与其它各组没有显著差异;肌肉中,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARS)(Thiobarbituricacid-reactivesubstances)的量,锌为0mg·kg-1饲料组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05).综上所述,饲料中锌添加量为20 mg·kg-1饲料促进了罗非鱼生长,使鱼体抗氧化功能增强.     

饲料中添加谷胱甘肽对草鱼组织中谷胱甘肽沉积和抗氧化能力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)至0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、400 mg/kg和500 mg/kg,分别投喂草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼8周,草鱼幼鱼体质量(4.09±0.01)g,观察GSH在草鱼组织中沉积以及对草鱼抗氧化功能的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加外源GSH对草鱼生长影响不显著(P＞0.05),实验组肌肉中GSH含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肝脏中GSH含量在GSH添加水平为200 mg/kg时显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肝脏和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)在GSH添加水平为300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).添加GSH对血清中GSH和MDA影响不显著(P＞0.05).草鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力在400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肌肉中GR活力有增高趋势但差异不显著(P＞0.05);肝脏和肌肉中γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)均高于对照组,分别在300 mg/kg组和200 mg/kg组达到显著水平(P＜0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)能力不同程度升高,均在200 mg/kg组达到最高,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);血清GSH-PX活力和T-AOC有增高趋势但与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清和肝脏中活性氧(ROS)含量分别在400 mg/kg和300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲料中添加GSH能够促进草鱼肝脏和肌肉中GSH的沉积,提高肝脏及肌肉中GR和γ-GT活力,以及肝脏中GSH-PX和SOD活力与总抗氧化能力,减少肝脏中MDA含量,降低肝脏及血清中ROS含量,因此GSH在水产饲料中具有广泛的应用前景.     

增加饲料中V_C质量分数对银鲳血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

研究了增加饲料中维生素C(VC)质量分数对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响。以鱼粉、虾粉为蛋白源,鱼油为脂肪源配制VC质量分数分别为104.21 mg.kg-1、455.33 mg.kg-1和800.54 mg.kg-1的3组饲料,依次编号为C1(对照组)、C2、C3。每组饲料设3个重复,投喂平均体质量为(6.18±0.15)g的银鲳幼鱼9周。结果显示,随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,血清溶菌酶活性逐渐升高,C3组较C1、C2组溶菌酶活性显著性升高(P<0.05)。增加VC质量分数可显著提高组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),但VC对不同组织中SOD活性的影响程度并不相同。随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,肝脏与肌肉中VC水平显著性升高(P<0.05)。同时,高水平VC也显著降低了组织中丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度。分析表明,增加饲料中VC质量分数(大于455.33 mg.kg-1)可提高银鲳血清溶菌酶活性与组织抗氧化能力,降低组织中的脂质过氧化反应。     

银杏叶提取物对鲤生长性能、抗氧化功能和免疫相关基因表达的影响

为探讨日粮中添加不同水平的银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo bioba extract, GBE)对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化功能、细胞色素酶以及免疫相关基因表达的影响, 在基础饲料中分别添加不同含量的银杏叶提取物[0 (对照组)、0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、5.0 g/kg]投喂鲤 60 d。饲喂实验结束后, 称重并采集血液、肝脏、肠道、 鳃和肌肉组织, 检测相关生化指标以及基因表达的变化。结果表明: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加不同水平 GBE 对鲤生长性能和饵料系数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。血清生化数据显示: 饲料中添加 GBE 显著提高了总蛋白(TP) 含量, 而降低了葡萄糖(Glu)和皮质醇(cortisol)水平(P<0.05), 但对总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT) 和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。抗氧化参数表明: 与对照组相比, 日粮中添加 GBE 对血清、肝脏、 肠道、鳃和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响(P>0.05), 但肝脏中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著升高。同时, 1.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了肠道和鳃 T-AOC 含量(P<0.05); 5.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了鳃 GSH 含量(P<0.05)。基因表达结果显示: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加 GBE 能显著诱导肝脏和肠道中 cyp3a 基因表达, 而下调 cyp1a 和 cyp1b 基因表达; 同时, 肝脏和肠道中免疫相关基因(c3 和 c-lyz)表达量在 1.0 g/kg GBE 添加组中显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述, GBE 作为饲料添加剂不能改善鲤的生长性能和饵料系数, 但可以增强鲤的抗应激、抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因的表达, 并且未对鲤产生肝毒性, 鲤饲料中 GBE 建议添加量为 1.0 g/kg。     

三唑磷短期暴露对翡翠贻贝的毒性效应

采用半静态毒性试验方法研究了三唑磷（triazophos,OP）短期暴露下对翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）的毒性效应。结果显示,在OP胁迫下,翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在胁迫前期均被抑制,随时间延长活性被诱导。低质量浓度0P（0．4mg·L^-1和2mg·L^-1）使翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性先降低后升高;高质量浓度（10mg·L^-1）GST活性降低。OP能诱导还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的产生,而高质量浓度（10mg·L^-1）也能抑制GSH产生。受0P胁迫影响,翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜丙二醛（MDA）均升高。内脏团总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）显著降低;而外套膜T—AOC会被OP所诱导。转入清水恢复72h后仅外套膜MDA有所恢复。结果表明OP短期暴露会对翡翠贻贝抗氧化系统造成损伤。     

饲料过氧化水平对双齿围沙蚕生长、体组成及抗氧化指标的影响

以新鲜鱼油和氧化鱼油为脂肪源,制备6种过氧化水平的饲料,连续饲养初始体质量为(48. 8±0. 6) mg的双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis) 60 d,然后测定沙蚕生长性能、体组成及抗氧化指标。结果表明,当饲料过氧化值(POV)超过7. 74 meq·kg~(-1)时,饲料系数显著上升,蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率则显著下降;当饲料POV超过11. 38 meq·kg~(-1)时,双齿围沙蚕的存活率、末体质量和特定生长率显著下降;沙蚕粗蛋白和体水分随饲料POV升高而逐渐降低,粗脂肪则随饲料POV升高而逐渐升高,灰分含量不受饲料POV显著影响;沙蚕丙二醛(MDA)含量随饲料POV升高而升高,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量变化趋势与MDA相反,随饲料POV升高而逐渐降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均表现为先升高后降低,分别在饲料POV为11. 38 meq·kg~(-1)和7. 74meq·kg~(-1)时升至最高值。因此,双齿围沙蚕饲料的POV不宜超过7. 74 meq·kg~(-1),最好在4. 12 meq·kg~(-1)以下。     

Pb~(2+)对建鲤幼鱼抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力的影响

为了解铅对建鲤幼鱼(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)的影响,将建鲤幼鱼暴露于不同水平(0、0.648、1.296、6.480 mg/L)的Pb2+水溶液中,于96 h分别测定建鲤幼鱼肝胰脏、肠、鳃、肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果表明:随着Pb2+浓度的升高,抗氧化酶活性升高,达到极值后下降。0.648 mg/L浓度组中,肝胰脏中抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力均有较明显升高;肌肉中抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力变化较小;在高浓度组(6.480 mg/L),肾中的三种抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力仍在升高,而在其他组织中酶的活性有所降低。上述研究结果表明,与肠、鳃、肌肉、肾相比,肝胰脏中的抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力敏感,是最先启用的主要解毒器官;在高浓度胁迫时,肝胰脏解毒能力下降,抗氧化防御作用的主要器官由肝胰脏转移到肾脏。     

慢性氨氮胁迫对史氏鲟幼鱼生长及其肝脏抗氧化、免疫指标的影响

该研究以史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼为实验对象,在实验室内营造了0.01 mg·L^?1(对照组)、0.50 mg·L^?1(低浓度组)、1.00 mg·L^?1(中浓度组)、2.00 mg·L^?1(中高浓度组)和4.00 mg·L^?1(高浓度组)5个氨氮浓度组,对史氏鲟胁迫养殖60 d后取样测定其生长、抗氧化和免疫功能的相关指标,初步揭示史氏鲟幼鱼对慢性氨氮胁迫的生理响应。结果显示,随氨氮浓度升高,史氏鲟幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)均显著下降(P<0.05),但肥满度(CF)无显著变化。在抗氧化指标中,随着氨氮浓度的增加,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势。免疫指标中,肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量受氨氮胁迫影响显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,慢性氨氮胁迫显著抑制了史氏鲟幼鱼的生长,降低了鱼体的抗氧化能力和免疫能力。建议在史氏鲟实际养殖过程中,养殖水体中氨氮质量浓度应控制在≤0.5 mg·L^?1,以避免其对史氏鲟造成损伤。     

摄食不同喹乙醇水平饲料的鲤鱼肠道菌群的变化

本文研究了饲料中不同水平喹乙醇对鲤鱼肠道菌群数量及组成的影响。设计6组不同喹乙醇含量的饲料(0、200、400、800、1600和3200mg/kg)，对鲤鱼进行84d的饲养试验。试验结束时，各组随机取2尾鱼，分别对其前、中、后肠的细菌数量和组成进行了分析。结果发现：与对照组相比，投喂喹乙醇的试验组鱼肠道菌群数均有不同程度的下降，其中1600、3200mg／kg组的下降最为明显。从1600mg／kg开始前肠菌群数明显下降，在400mg/kg时中肠菌群开始下降较为明显，后肠菌群数在各试验组均呈下降趋势。在对照组检出的7种主要菌群也是构成各个实验组鱼肠道中的主要菌群，但这7种菌群在各组中的组成比例不同，其中鲤鱼肠道菌届中Aer属、Aci届的组成比例变化较大，800mg/kg(11．06％)、1600mg/kg(11．735％)和3200mg／kg(7．40％)组中Aer所占比例明显低于对照组(26．255％)，而800mg／kg(37．502％)、1600mg/kg(36．52％)和3200mg／kg(41．357％)组中Aci所占比例明显高于对照组(13．213％)。饲料中添加不同水平的喹乙醇可明显影响鲤鱼肠道主要菌群的数量及组成比例。     

Influence of dietary zinc on lipid peroxidation,protein oxidation and antioxidant defence of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc on lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant defence of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) by feeding fish with increasing levels of zinc (15.3, 26.9, 40.8, 58.2, 68.9 and 92.5 mg Zn kg^?1) for 6 weeks. Results indicated that malondialdehyde (MDA) content and protein carbonyls (PC) in serum were the highest in fish fed diet containing 15.3 mg zinc kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). Serum antisuperoxide anion (ASA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and glutathione (GSH) content were improved with increasing dietary zinc levels up to 40.8 mg zinc kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05) and levelled off (P > 0.05). Serum antihydroxy radical (AHR), catalase (CAT) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities followed the similar pattern to that observed in ASA. The MDA and PC levels, ASA, AHR, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST activities and GSH content in intestine, hepatosomatic and muscle tissue followed the similar pattern to that observed in serum. The present results indicated that zinc decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and improved antioxidant defence in fish.     

达氟沙星对施氏鲟肝脏抗氧化功能和转氨酶活性的影响

分别用20、50、100mg/(kg体重)3个剂量的达氟沙星(Danofloxacin)水溶液连续口灌施氏鲟(Acipenserscherensckii)20d,并于给药后第5、10、15、20天用试剂盒测定肝脏SOD、CAT、GOT和GPT的活性及MDA和NO的含量。施氏鲟体重75～95g。结果表明,短时间内给药后(5天),100mg/(kg体重)组SOD活性与对照组相比提高显著(P<0 01)。随着实验时间的延长(第10、15天),与对照组相比各实验组SOD酶活性均保持在较高活性(P<0 01)。至第20天,各实验组SOD活性呈下降趋势,但仍明显高于对照组。给药后第5天时,各实验组CAT活性与对照组之间无差异;至第10、15天时,50、100mg/(kg体重)组均极显著高于对照组;给药后第20天,仅100mg/(kg体重)组显著低于对照组。实验第5、10、15、20天时,各实验组与对照组之间GPT和GOT活性均没有明显的差异性。仅在相同实验组内随着时间的改变有些变化。与对照组相比,在实验第5、10、15、20天各剂量组MDA含量均无显著的变化。20、50mg/(kg体重)组在第5、10、15天时有所降低,但至第20天时均恢复到对照组的水平;100mg/(kg体重)组至第15天降至最低,但实验结束时反而明显高于对照及其他实验组。从实验结果看,在实验第5、10、15、20天,各实验组施氏鲟肝脏NO含量与对照组相比较没有明显的变化。结果表明,达氟沙     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,gonad development and antioxidant ability of on‐growing gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III)

An 88‐day experiment was conducted in a flowing system to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, body composition, antioxidant and gonad development of on‐growing gibel carp. Triplicate tanks of gibel carp (77.2 ± 0.1 g) were randomly fed with one of seven experimental diets containing l ‐ascorbic acid of 0, 101.1, 188.5, 313.1, 444.1, 582.1 and 747.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish were not affected by dietary l ‐ascorbic acid. Dietary l ‐ascorbic acid of 444.1 mg/kg diet led to low levels (p < .05) of gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in on‐growing fish, as well as the early ovarian stages (Developing stages) compared with fish (Maturing stages) from the other groups. Dietary l ‐ascorbic acid supplementation increased (p < .05) the dorsal muscle collagen content, but did not affect the protein or lipid content of dorsal muscle in gibel carp. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (p < .05) and then remained unchanged with the increase in dietary l ‐ascorbic acid levels. Dietary l ‐ascorbic acid of 101.1 mg/kg diet improved (p < .05) plasma lysozyme activity of the fish. Broken‐line regression indicated that dietary l ‐ascorbic acid requirement of 77 g gibel carp was 223.3 or 225.0 mg/kg diet based on plasma T‐AOC or SOD activity, which was a little higher than that based on plasma l ‐ascorbic acid concentration (193.2 mg/kg).     

喹乙醇诱导鲤肝细胞凋亡的研究

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是受基因控制的细胞自主的有序死亡。凋亡细胞的形态特征主要表现为细胞核的染色质浓缩,边移,聚集在核膜下,进而核发生裂解,核碎片与细胞碎片有单层膜包裹形成凋亡小体(apoptosisbody)[1]。目前已发现某些物理因素(辐射、高温等)、细胞因子、病毒感染和     

饲料中添加谷胱甘肽对草鱼生长、生理指标和抗病力的影响

选用初始体质量约8.50 g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella),在56 d的饲养期中分别投喂添加5种不同剂量谷胱甘肽(GSH)(添加量分别为0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg)的试验饲料,观察GSH对草鱼生长、生理指标和抗病力的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加GSH能够提高草鱼特定生长率、存活率和饲料效率。其中,300 mg/kg GSH组草鱼的特定生长率和400 mg/kg GSH组草鱼的存活率显著高于对照组;添加GSH各组草鱼的饲料效率均显著高于对照组,当添加量为200 mg/kg时草鱼饲料效率达到最高。与对照组相比,饲料中添加GSH的各组草鱼肝胰指数明显升高,其中200 mg/kg组达到显著水平。饲料中添加GSH能够提高血清IGF-1水平,其中300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组。与对照组相比,各实验组草鱼血液白细胞数目有不同程度升高,其中300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组均达到显著水平。饲料中添加GSH可以提高草鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,其中200 mg/kg GSH组草鱼攻毒后存活率达到最高。以特定生长率为判定指标,GSH在草鱼饲料中的适宜添加量为350 mg/kg。     

Effects of β‐conglycinin on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in juvenile golden crucian carp,Carassius auratus

The objective of this study was conducted to research the effects of β‐conglycinin in the diets on the growth performance, immunity function, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of juvenile golden crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Five diets contained respectively (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/kg) β‐conglycinin, and were used to feed juvenile golden crucian carp for 56 days. Final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). Feed efficiency and protein efficiency were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In hepatopancreas, the activities of T‐SOD, ACP, ALT and T‐AOC were significantly suppressed by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The activities of LZM, AKP, CAT and GPx were significantly reduced by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). The activities of protease were significantly reduced and the content of MDA was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (60–80 g/kg). In proximal intestines, the activities of protease and CAT were significantly decreased by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In mid and distal intestines, the activities of protease and CAT were significantly inhibited by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). In intestines, T‐AOC and GPx were significantly declined by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). In proximal and mid intestines, the content of MDA were significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (40–80 g/kg). In distal intestines, the content of MDA was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The expression of IGF‐I was significantly decreased and the expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α was significantly increased by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg). The structural integrity of intestinal tissues were damaged by dietary β‐conglycinin (20–80 g/kg), the part of intestinal villus were shed, the part of epithelial cells were separated from lamina propria. Ultimately, these results suggested dietary β‐conglycinin should be <20 g/kg in formula feed of golden crucian carp.     

Effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status and intestinal function in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Glutamine (Gln) is a conditionally essential free amino acid that has been widely used in aquaculture. The present study showed that appropriate levels of dietary Gln could significantly improve growth performance and increase lipase and trypsin activity, mucosal thickness (MT) and the number of lymphocytes. The levels of glycine (Gly) in the 6 g/kg Gln group, threonine (Thr) in the 12 g/kg group and lysine (Lys) in the 6 and 9 g/kg group were increased significantly, while glutamate (Glu) and serine (Ser) concentrations decreased significantly with increasing dietary Gln levels from 3 to 12 g/kg. Moreover, the 12 g/kg dietary Gln level could improve the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) and the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC). In addition, 3 g/kg Gln upregulated the gene expression of aminopeptidase N (APN), caudal‐related homeobox gene (CDX2), L‐type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2), oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), specificity proteins 1 (SP1) and 3 (SP3), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPAR‐α) but downregulated PPAR‐γ gene expression compared to that in the control group. Taken together, these findings suggest that Gln could improve the growth performance, antioxidant status and intestinal function of grass carp.     

贯众、当归、黄芪对半滑舌鳎血液抗氧化指标的影响

在水温(21±1)℃和盐度20±1下,将体质量(95.45±5.29)g的半滑舌鳎饲养在78cm×58cm×46cm水槽中,投喂按0、5、10、15g/kg添加贯众、当归、黄芪的饲料,每箱20尾,每个水平3个重复,7d、14d和21d时尾柄采血,测定总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。试验结果表明,14d时,贯众剂量为15g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),14d和21d时,各剂量组丙二醛含量均低于对照组;14d时,当归剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值;21d时,黄芪剂量为10g/kg组的丙二醛含量值显著低于对照组(P0.05),21d时,黄芪剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值,不同剂量的黄芪对过氧化氢酶活力有显著影响,但均低于对照组(P0.05);7d时,各组总抗氧化能力达到最高值。试验表明,单独添加贯众、当归及黄芪均不同程度地影响半滑舌鳎血液的抗氧化指标。     

Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance,glutathione synthesis,and antioxidative ability of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idella</Emphasis>

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and antioxidative ability of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four practical diets were formulated: control, control + 0.2% NAC, control + 0.5% glycine, and control + 0.2% NAC + 0.5% glycine. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 30 fish (approximately 8.8 g). Weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC. Supplementation of NAC plus glycine significantly increased the feed efficiency. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and γ-glutamine cysteine synthase (γ-GCS) in plasma were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC plus glycine. GSH in plasma increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with NAC. Respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were not affected by NAC or glycine. These results clearly indicated that NAC improved the growth performance and restored GSH of grass carp, supplemented NAC together with glycine enhanced GSH synthesis, and improved the antioxidative ability of grass carp.