鳜鱼二级网箱养殖试验

为了进一步探索鳜鱼养殖新模式，不断提高经济效益，我们于２００１年进行了鳜鱼二级网箱养殖试验，取得了良好的经济效益。现将试验总结如下：一、网箱结构与设置１．一级网箱（育种箱）无结网做成，网目０．５～１．０厘米，网箱规格为１０米×１．３米×１．５米，数量为３个。２．二级网箱（成鱼箱）网目１．５～２厘米，小体积网箱３只，规格２米×２米×１．８米；常规大网箱３只，规格４米×７米×１．８米。３．网箱设置选择紧靠青通河的一口面积近８０亩、水深２米以上的池塘，作为网箱设置水域，敞口浮动式设置，以毛竹框架作浮子…     

青虾养殖技术讲座

青虾养殖技术讲座二、网箱养虾网箱养殖青虾具有溶氧高、成活率高、产量高、周期短、收益快等优点，是一种很有发展前途的养殖方式。１．水域选择网箱设置，应在水体流动、水质清爽、水深２米以上无污染的库湾、湖汉、外荡。水体的ＰＨ值为７～８．５，溶氧４．５毫克／升...     

斑点叉尾鮰网箱养殖试验

２００１年笔者在新疆石河子大泉沟水库开展了网箱养殖斑点叉尾试验。现总结如下。１材料与方法１．１水体条件大泉沟水库为平原型灌溉用水库，最大库容４２００万米３，年水交换量大，水质清新，无污染，溶氧，常年保持在７毫克／升以上。网箱设置区水深５．０米。１．２网箱制作网箱选用双层聚乙烯网箱，网箱１．５厘米，规格２米×３米×１．１米。箱底距底２０厘米以下缝制一层窗网，以防饵料散失。网箱中设置１个饵料台。网箱６只，面积共３６米２，呈“一”字形排列，两端用锚固定。网箱间距４米，距岸３００米。１．３饲料配制鱼粉２…     

稻田网箱养殖泥鳅技术

为了解决泥鳅稻田养殖回捕难的问题，２０００年，我们在永安县长江特种水产研究所的一块稻田中进行了网箱养殖泥鳅试验，在１２２米２的网箱中投放泥鳅苗８１．４６千克，经１２０天的饲养，共捕获泥鳅５６７．３千克，取得较好的经济效益。现介绍如下。１试验稻田条件面积２３０米２，水源充足，排灌方便，田埂高５０厘米，宽６０厘米，进、出水口设拦鱼栅。２网箱设置网箱分别为４米×５米、３米×４米、３米×３米３种规格，网箱高为１米，网箱与田埂距离５０厘米以上，网箱入水４０厘米，箱内底层铺２０厘米厚的粪肥、田泥等，四周挂一…     

奥尼鱼养殖技术

奥尼鱼是奥利亚罗非鱼（♂）和尼罗罗非鱼（♀）杂交所产生的子一代。其具有食性杂、适应性强、雄性率高、出肉率高、食味鲜美等优点。当年鱼苗经５个月的饲养体重可达５００克以上，比罗非鱼生长快２０％～３０％。现将奥尼鱼养殖技术介绍如下。１网箱养殖１．１养殖水域的选择养殖水域要求水量充足、水位相对稳定、水质清新、无污染、水面宽阔、日照条件好、有微流水、交通方便。水深要求大于４米，溶氧量４毫克／升以上，pH值以７．０～８．５为宜。１．２网箱设置网箱一般用聚乙烯材料制成，规格为５米×４米×２米，网目大小视鱼体大…     

海南繁育的南美白对虾宜全面推广

１材料与方法１．１水域条件沱湖位于五河县城北，常年水面４０００多公顷，水深２～３米，透明度５０～６０厘米，水质清新，溶氧充足，各种营养盐类齐全，饵料资源丰富。１．２网箱制作与设置网箱箱体采用聚乙烯网片制成，规格为３．０米×２．０米×１．４米，敞口式，箱体用木料或竹片作框架，用尼龙绳固定。网箱可随水位自由升降。网箱高出水面０．４米，网底离湖底３０～４０厘米，网底四周拴上沉子。为防止鱼逃跑，在网箱口顶端四周缝上宽０．５米的防逃网。网内放一些水草（如水花生、水浮萍等），以净化水质。网箱在鱼种进箱前１周…     

草鱼水库网箱高效养殖试验

笔者于２００１年在我县高寨河水库进行了草鱼网箱养殖试验。４２０米２网箱，共产１．５～２千克／尾商品草鱼９４５０千克，纯收入５００１４元，投入产出比１∶２．９。现把试验报告如下。一、材料与方法１．水环境高寨河水库东西长约３千米，常年水面积为３０００余亩，丰水期４５００余亩，水深平均３米，最深６米，溶氧５毫克／升以上，透明度０．３５～０．７米，pH值７．５左右，水质清新，周围无工业污染源，库中水草丰富，常年覆盖率为５０％，最大覆盖率８０％，以苦草、菹草、轮叶黑藻为主。网箱设置于库北岸偏东部，环境安静…     

水库网箱养殖斑点叉尾试验

为优化水产养殖品种结构，发展高效渔业，笔者２００１年在龙山县卧龙水库进行了网箱养殖斑点叉尾试验，现将试验情况报告如下。１材料和方法１．１水库条件卧龙水库海拨６００米，面积７７．９公顷，库容１４００万米３。１．２网箱结构与设置网箱１口，用聚乙烯网片缝合而成，网目３厘米，网箱长５米，宽５米，高２．５米。油桶作浮子，杉木作框架，每边用铁丝紧绑于油桶之上，其间钉有行人木板。网箱系于杉木框架上，用石块作沉子，以锚绳将网箱固定在离大坝２００米的水库中央。１．３苗种来源２０００年５月下旬从湖北宜昌引进斑点叉尾…     

网箱培育草鱼种试验

草鱼是我国最主要的养殖鱼类，具有生长快、个体大、产量高、养殖成本低等优点，但其缺点是病害多，特别在池塘培育１龄草鱼种时，往往因病害多，造成鱼种培育成活率低。为了探索草鱼种培育的新途径，笔者于２００１年进行２只网箱培育草鱼种试验。一、方法１．网箱及设置网箱２只，每只规格为５米×５米×２米，网目１厘米，用５０厘米宽黑布将距离水面上下各２５厘米网片内侧四周缝合，以防止鱼种进箱应激反应而造成死亡和避免投喂芜萍散失到网箱外。每个网箱用四个油桶作浮子，用四根杉木作支架固定油桶和网箱，网箱下水深度为１米，网箱…     

池塘网箱分级培育鱼种的效果对比

微流水池塘养鱼技术已广泛应用于生产中，但在微流水池塘中设置网箱进行高度集约化分级精养及对鱼类生长、个体增重、成活率影响的报道尚少，本文拟对这些问题作初步的探讨。一、试验材料１．试验地点：试验在黔东南州水产实验场场内池塘进行，０＃塘、２＃塘面积共１．２４亩，平均水深１．８米，透明度达８０厘米，水体中溶解氧７毫克／升以上。２．试验用网箱４米×４米×１．５米，网目规格分别为０．８厘米、１．５厘米、３厘米、４厘米的网箱。３．网箱设置：用直径１０厘米的木棒在塘内打桩支撑网箱，并用铁丝，将网箱四角固定，使网…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

头足类耳石微化学研究进展

耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。     

不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养技术的研究

4种不同品系盐生杜氏藻培养结果表明：常温下,A33是最适宜培养的藻种,经4天培养,藻细胞密度可达到114×104cell／ml,细胞生长率达到0．369;其次是A23、A140、A5藻种,细胞生长率分别为0．317、0．314、0．234。控温条件下,4种品系杜氏藻细胞生长速度明显增高,是常温条件下的1．2倍。     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

台风对江苏近海海表温度的影响分析与探讨

利用中国台风网"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径资料数据"和多卫星遥感观测资料,本文对2011年09号梅花台风、2011年06号马鞍台风和2012年10号达维台风在发展过程对中国江苏近海海域海温的影响进行了分析与探讨,并辅助以沿岸的海温实测资料进行对比验证,借此提高对近海海域上层海洋物理环境对台风响应的认识。分析结果表明,台风对近海SST的影响程度与台风自身强度和台风的移动路径密切相关,近海SST降低区域一般位于台风路径的右侧,最大SST降低一般滞后台风中心两天或一天。当台风在远海活动并靠近江苏近海时,江苏近海海域SST略有上升;当台风进入江苏近海时,近海海域SST大幅降低;登陆台风在登陆后近海才出现最大降温。