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1.
为了探讨饲料色素对大黄鱼成鱼体色及其抗氧化能力的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0 mg/kg(对照组D1)、100 mg/kg(D2)、200 mg/kg(D3)、300 mg/kg(D4)叶黄素和虾青素(1∶1)混合色素配制成4种等氮等能饲料,选择平均体质量为(365.54±5.83)g的大黄鱼1 800尾,随机分为4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复150尾,进行为期60 d投喂试验。结果表明,投喂30 d后,色素添加组大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的黄色值(b*)显著高于对照组(P0.05);实验结束时,除D2组的大黄鱼腹部皮肤的红色值(a*)显著高于其他组(P0.05)外,各组之间大黄鱼背部及腹部皮肤亮度值(L*)和红色值(a*)均无显著性差异(P0.05),各色素添加组的大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的黄色值(b*)无显著性差异(P0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P0.05);大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均随着色素添加水平的上升而升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量随着色素添加水平的上升而降低。因此,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加叶黄素和虾青素(1∶1)混合色素可以改善大黄鱼成鱼体色及提高其抗氧化能力,综上并考虑饲料成本,建议混合色素添加量为100~200 mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
本实验旨在研究饲料中豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。用豆油分别替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼油,配制4组等氮、等脂肪的饲料。选择初始体重为(65.47±1.57)g的圆斑星鲽幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖56 d。结果显示,(1)随着豆油替代水平的升高,增重率(WGR)呈现降低的趋势(P0.05),饲料系数(FCR)呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),25%替代组的WGR高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(2)豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量无显著性影响(P0.05),对肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著性影响(P0.05),豆油替代组肝脏的脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(3)随着饲料中豆油水平的增加,圆斑星鲽幼鱼肌肉亚油酸(C18:2n-6)和亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)显著升高(P0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在该实验条件下,饲料中高比例的豆油替代鱼油会降低鱼体的生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸营养品质。  相似文献   

3.
为研究亚麻籽油替代不同鱼油水平对大菱鲆幼鱼[初始体质量为(5.89±0.02)g]生长、脂肪酸组成以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪沉积的影响,以亚麻籽油分别替代0、33.3%、66.7%和100%鱼油,配制4种等氮等脂饲料。每组饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,饱食投喂,养殖周期为92 d。结果发现,饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR),但显著影响其摄食率(FI)、饲料效率(FE)和表观净蛋白利用率(ANPU)。随饲料亚麻籽油水平升高,FI显著升高,而FE和ANPU显著下降,且其均在100%亚麻籽油组分别达到最大值或最小值。饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆饲料脂肪表观消化率、肝体比和肌肉脂肪含量。当饲料中亚麻籽油替代100%鱼油,鱼体肝脏脂肪含量显著高于全鱼油组。肝脏和肌肉脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相似。相对于全鱼油组,亚麻籽油替代组肌肉和肝脏中亚油酸和亚麻酸显著升高,而EPA和DHA含量显著下降。研究表明,大菱鲆饲料中亚麻籽油替代水平应低于66.7%,且大菱鲆饲料中n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量需大于0.8%。  相似文献   

4.
以18日龄的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)稚鱼为研究对象,通过11 d的生长实验,研究了添加不同比例的微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼生长、存活率和脂肪酸组成的影响。以鱼油组(FO)为对照组,以裂壶藻粉(Schizochytrium sp.)、微绿球藻粉(Nannochloropsis sp.)和橄榄油替代不同比例的鱼油,配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料,分别命名为鱼油组(FO),50%混合替代组(M50)、100%混合替代组(M100)、100%裂壶藻橄榄油替代组(S100)、100%微绿球藻橄榄油替代组(N100)。结果显示,微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼的生长无显著影响;含有裂壶藻的各饲料组(M50、M100、S100)成活率显著高于FO组和N100组(P?0.05);微藻粉替代鱼油不影响牙鲆稚鱼主要脂肪酸的组成;Person相关性分析发现,C14:0、C16:1n-7、C18:2n-6、C20:0、C18:3n-3、C22:0、C20:4n-3、EPA、C22:5n-6和DHA的百分含量均与其饲料中的百分含量呈显著正相关(P0.05);总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量以及DHA/EPA比率均与其饲料组成表现出显著正相关(P0.05)。综上所述,微藻作为脂肪源替代鱼油完全可以满足牙鲆稚鱼的生长和发育,各种脂肪酸均可以被牙鲆稚鱼充分消化和吸收,并且添加两种微藻后提高了稚鱼的DHA含量和DHA/EPA比率,与鱼油对照组相比显著提高了牙鲆稚鱼的成活率。因此,以微藻替代鱼油在牙鲆稚鱼的培育中是可行的。  相似文献   

5.
以18日龄的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)稚鱼为研究对象,通过11 d 的生长实验,研究了添加不同比例的微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼生长、存活率和脂肪酸组成的影响。以鱼油组(FO)为对照组,以裂壶藻粉(Schizochytrium sp.)、微绿球藻粉(Nannochloropsis sp.)和橄榄油替代不同比例的鱼油,配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料,分别命名为鱼油组(FO),50%混合替代组(M50)、100%混合替代组(M100)、100%裂壶藻橄榄油替代组(S100)、100%微绿球藻橄榄油替代组(N100)。结果显示,微藻粉替代鱼油对牙鲆稚鱼的生长无显著影响;含有裂壶藻的各饲料组(M50、M100、S100)成活率显著高于 FO 组和 N100组(P?0.05);微藻粉替代鱼油不影响牙鲆稚鱼主要脂肪酸的组成;Person相关性分析发现,C14:0、C16:1n-7、C18:2n-6、C20:0、C18:3n-3、C22:0、C20:4n-3、EPA、C22:5n-6和 DHA 的百分含量均与其饲料中的百分含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量以及 DHA/EPA 比率均与其饲料组成表现出显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,微藻作为脂肪源替代鱼油完全可以满足牙鲆稚鱼的生长和发育,各种脂肪酸均可以被牙鲆稚鱼充分消化和吸收,并且添加两种微藻后提高了稚鱼的 DHA 含量和 DHA/EPA 比率,与鱼油对照组相比显著提高了牙鲆稚鱼的成活率。因此,以微藻替代鱼油在牙鲆稚鱼的培育中是可行的。  相似文献   

6.
大黄鱼鱼种阶段脂肪酸组成研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对人工培育的90-180日龄的大黄鱼鱼种,用GC/MS法分析比较了其肌肉和肝脏的脂肪酸组成,肌肉和肝脏分别检出脂肪酸25种和42种.试验结果表明,7-10月,肌肉中的脂肪不断积累,而肝脏中则保持相对恒定,且是肌肉的1.7~3倍;2种组织中均以C16∶0(棕榈酸)含量最高,其次为C18∶1(油酸);肝脏中脂肪酸以饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为主,SFA的平均含量是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的4倍,而肌肉中的SFA平均含量则与PUFA基本相当;花生四烯酸(AA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)及亚油酸(C18∶2)等n-3和n-6系列的PUFA在肌肉中含量更高;大黄鱼鱼种首先利用肌肉组织中以C16∶0为主的十八碳以下的SFA作为能量来源,而不轻易动用肝脏贮藏的能量.通过与幼鱼和成鱼比较可知,随着鱼体的成长,其脂肪酸种类不断丰富,组成也更趋合理.  相似文献   

7.
为研究饲料中植物油替代鱼油对三疣梭子蟹育肥性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响,采用混合植物油(大豆油:菜籽油=1∶1)分别替代饲料中0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼油,制成5种等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为饲料Diet 1~Diet 5)对生殖蜕壳后的三疣梭子蟹雌体[初始体质量为(150±25) g]进行45 d的育肥养殖。结果显示:(1)饲料中鱼油替代对雌体成活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)、性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、出肉率(MY)和总可食率(TEY)均无显著影响。(2)各组雌蟹肝胰腺中的甘油三酯(TG)含量,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、脂肪酶(LPS)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性均存在显著性差异,其中TG和LPS水平均在Diet 5最高,MDH活性在Diet 1组最高,而LPL活性在Diet 2组最高;血清中甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)分别在Diet 3和Diet 4组最高。(3)Diet 1组肝胰腺中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于Diet 2和Diet 3组,而肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)均在Diet 4组最高;血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性在Diet 1组最低,Diet 2组最高,而ALP活性在Diet 1组最高。(4)不同饲料组肌肉中粗蛋白和总碳水化合物含量差异显著,均以Diet 3组最高;Diet 3和Diet 4组肝胰腺中的粗脂肪和总碳水化合物均相对较高;此外,卵巢中的粗蛋白含量在Diet 3组最高。(5)饲料中鱼油替代水平对三疣梭子蟹肌肉、卵巢和肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成产生显著影响,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFA)随鱼油替代水平的升高而升高,而n-3 PUFA和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)随饲料鱼油替代水平的升高而降低。研究表明,育肥饲料中植物油替代鱼油对三疣梭子蟹雌体成活和卵巢发育等无显著影响,但可提高肝胰腺中甘油三酯、粗脂肪、n-6 PUFA含量、部分抗氧化和免疫指标;50%的鱼油替代水平可提高卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白含量。因此,混合植物油可以替代三疣梭子蟹育肥中50%的鱼油。  相似文献   

8.
本研究通过8周的摄食生长实验来探讨高植物蛋白饲料中添加不同类型的水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼(初始平均体重为31.99 g)鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响。实验设4个等氮等能的饲料处理组,对照组含有30%的鱼粉,通过在对照组饲料基础上分别添加水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白替代10%的鱼粉来获得不同类型的实验组饲料,即水解猪血蛋白组、水解豆粕蛋白组和水解酵母蛋白组。养殖实验在近海浮式网箱中进行,每组饲料投喂3个重复的养殖网箱,每个网箱30尾鱼。实验结果显示,高植物蛋白饲料中水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白及水解酵母蛋白并没有对鲈鱼幼鱼的鱼体、肝脏、肌肉和内脏的脂肪含量产生显著影响。但与对照组相比,添加水解酵母蛋白的处理组显著降低了鲈鱼幼鱼的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P0.05)。水解酵母蛋白替代鱼粉显著提高了鲈鱼幼鱼肌肉中C20∶1n-9的含量,而水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白显著降低了肌肉中C22∶5n-3的含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,水解酵母蛋白显著降低了血清中C20∶5n-3的含量(P0.05)。在腹部脂肪组织中,与对照组相比,猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代鱼粉极显著提高了饱和脂肪酸、十八碳及十六碳单不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸的含量,而极显著降低了C20∶1n-9、C20∶4n-6、C22∶5n-3和C22∶6n-3的含量(P0.01)。本研究表明,高植物蛋白饲料中猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代10%的饲料鱼粉并未有效调节鲈鱼幼鱼鱼体、肝脏、肌肉及内脏的脂肪累积,但水解酵母蛋白在一定程度上改善了血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的代谢。水解蛋白对鲈鱼幼鱼脂肪酸组成的调节因水解蛋白的类型及鱼体组织类型而异。本研究是国内外首次系统研究不同类型水解蛋白对养殖鱼类脂肪累积的调节作用,对该领域相关研究具有重要借鉴和参考意义。  相似文献   

9.
选用初始体重为(2.15±0.10)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性幼蟹,随机分为5组(每组12只幼蟹),饲喂100%鱼油组(简称F1组)、100%豆油组(F2组)、100%亚麻油组(F3组)、50%鱼油+50%豆油组(F4组)、50%鱼油+50%亚麻油组(F5组)不同脂肪源配制的5种等氮等能饲料。实验蟹单个体养殖,实验周期为112 d。结果表明,F5组体重、增重率和特定生长率都显著高于其他饲料组(P0.05),各组的蜕壳间隔和肝胰腺指数没有显著差异(P0.05)。肝胰腺组织消化酶活力测定结果表明,F1组幼蟹肝胰腺的类胰蛋白酶活力显著高于其他各组(P0.05);F3组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于其他各组(P0.05);F1组、F2组和F4组的脂肪酶活力显著高于其他两组(P0.05);各组的淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P0.05)。脂肪酸测定结果表明,肝胰腺和肌肉中的亚油酸(LOA)(C18:2n-6)、亚麻酸(LNA)(C18:3n-3)、EPA(C20:5n-3)和DHA(C22:6n-3)等主要脂肪酸含量与饲料脂肪酸组成呈正相关关系,F1组的高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05),F2组的LOA含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05),F3组的LNA含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,以50%的豆油或亚麻油替代鱼油能促进中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长,但可能使幼蟹的成活率降低。以豆油或亚麻油替代鱼油会影响幼蟹胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活力和肝胰腺、肌肉脂肪酸组成。  相似文献   

10.
为了分析饲料n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)水平对黄河鲤幼鱼生长性能和生长相关基因的影响,实验以鱼油和混合植物油(花生油和紫苏籽油)为脂肪源配制5组等氮等能饲料。对照组(T1)以鱼油为唯一脂肪源,18:3 n-3/18:2 n-6为0.97,第二组(T2)以花生油为唯一脂肪源,18:3 n-3/18:2 n-6为0.02,其他3组实验饲料以花生油和紫苏籽油为脂肪源,且n-3/n-6比值分别为0.46(T3)、1.09(T4)和1.53(T5)。10周养殖实验结束后,分析各组鱼体的生长性能、血清中生长激素(GH)含量及不同部位肌肉中生长相关基因的表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,n-3/n-6对鱼体的脏体比(VSI)、饲料系数(FCR)、摄食率(FI)无显著影响,增重率(WGR)随n-3/n-6比值的增加先升后降,n-3/n-6比值等于1.09时,WGR达到峰值,为218.53%±24.32%。T2组血清GH含量显著高于其他处理组,随着n-3/n-6比值增大GH含量逐渐降低。背部肌肉中生长相关基因gh、ghr、igf-1和myod均表现为先升后降的趋势,igf-1r为先降后升,mstn无显著差异。红肌中gh、myod含量逐渐降低,ghr、mstn不存在显著差异,igf-1与背部肌肉相似,先升后降,igf-1r先降后升。腹部肌肉中gh、ghr和igf-1表达情况与背部肌肉一致,igf-1r和myod的表达不存在显著差异。T2组和T4组背部肌肉肌纤维数目存在显著差异,且T4组肌纤维较T2组粗。研究表明,n-3/n-6不仅在一定程度上提高鱼体的WGR,且不同比例的n-3/n-6水平会影响血清GH的含量,不同部位肌肉组织中GH/IGF轴生长相关基因的水平也受饲料中n-3/n-6比例的影响。  相似文献   

11.
为研究黑水虻油替代豆油在草鱼生产实践中的效果,本实验以黑水虻油替代草鱼基础饲料中0(SO)、25%(BSO25)、50%(BSO50)、75%(BSO75)和100%(BSO100)的豆油并配制成5种等氮等脂的饲料,饲喂草鱼[初始体质量(13.37±1.07 g)]56 d后检测生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、肠道和肝脏组织结构及肠道菌群组成等变化。结果显示,各组之间草鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)变化均不显著。与SO组相比,BSO25和BSO50组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加,SM75和SM100组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著降低,BSO50、BSO75和BSO100组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著上升。BSO100组肝细胞呈现为不规则形状,血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的水平均显著高于SO组。BSO100组群落多样性指数Sobs、Shannon和丰富度指数Chao、Ace均显著高于SO组。研究表明,在本实验条件下,黑水虻油替代饲料中100%的豆油虽然不会影响草鱼的生长,能提高草鱼抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,但在BSO100组中,草鱼肝脏受损,长期饲喂会对机体产生不利影响,因此在草鱼饲料中黑水虻油不应全部替代豆油,建议替代比例不超过75%。  相似文献   

12.
Replacement of fish oil with sustainable alternatives, such as vegetable oil, in aquaculture diets has to be achieved without compromising the nutritional quality, in terms of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content, of the product. This may be possible if the level of replacement is not too high and oil blends are chosen carefully but, if high levels of fish oil are substituted, a fish oil finishing diet prior to harvest would be required to restore n-3HUFA. However, a decontaminated fish oil would be required to avoid increasing undesirable contaminants. Here we test the hypotheses that blending of rapeseed and soybean oils with southern hemisphere fish oil will have a low impact upon tissue n-3HUFA levels, and that decontamination of fish oil will have no major effect on the nutritional quality of fish oil as a feed ingredient for Atlantic salmon. Salmon (initial weight ~ 0.8 kg) were fed for 10 weeks with diets in which 60% of fish oil was replaced with blends of soybean, rapeseed and southern hemisphere fish oil (SVO) or 100% decontaminated northern fish oil (DFO) in comparison with a standard northern fish oil diet (FO). Decontamination of the oil was a two-step procedure that included treatment with activated carbon followed by thin film deodorisation. Growth performance and feed efficiency were unaffected by either the SVO or DFO diets despite these having lower gross nutrient and fatty acid digestibilities than the FO diet. There were also no effects on the gross composition of the fish. Liver and, to a lesser extent flesh, lipid levels were lower in fish fed the SVO blends, due to lower proportions of neutral lipids, specifically triacylglycerol. Tissue lipid levels were not affected in fish fed the DFO diet. Reflecting the diet, flesh eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 fatty acids were higher, and 18:1n-9 lower, in fish fed DFO than FO, whereas there were no differences in liver fatty acid compositions. Flesh EPA levels were only slightly reduced from about 6% to 5% although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was reduced more severely from around 13% to about 7% in fish fed the SVO diets. In contrast, the liver fatty acid compositions showed higher levels of n-3 HUFA, with DHA only reduced from 21% to about 18% and EPA increased from under 8% to 9–10% in fish fed the SVO diets. The evidence suggested that increased liver EPA (and arachidonic acid) was not simply retention, but also conversion of dietary 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6. Increased HUFA synthesis was supported by increased hepatic expression of fatty acyl desaturases in fish fed the SVO diets. Flesh n-3HUFA levels and desaturase expression was significantly higher in fish fed soybean oil than in fish fed rapeseed oil. In conclusion, partial replacement of fish oil with blends of vegetable oils and southern hemisphere fish oil had minimal impact on HUFA levels in liver, but a greater effect on flesh HUFA levels. Despite lower apparent digestibility, decontamination of fish oil did not significantly impact its nutritional quality for salmon.  相似文献   

13.
Triplicate groups of juvenile suribim were fed for 183 days one of four different isonitrogenous (47.6% crude protein) and isolipidic (18.7% lipid) diets formulated using three different lipid sources: 100% fish oil (FO, diet 1); 100% pig lard (L, diet 2); 100% soybean oil (SO, diet 3), and FO/L/SO (1:1:1, w/w/w; diet 4). The tissue levels of fatty acids 18:2n − 6 and 18:3n − 3 decreased relative to corresponding dietary fatty acid values. The 20:5n − 3 and 22:6n − 3 composition of muscle and liver neutral lipids were linearly correlated with corresponding dietary fatty acid composition. In contrast, the 22:6n − 3 composition of the brain and eye were similar among treatments. The 22:6n − 3 level was enriched in all tissues, particularly in the neural tissues. Similar results were observed for tissue polar lipids: fatty acids content reflected dietary composition, with the exception of the 22:6n − 3 level, which showed enrichment and no differences between groups. Given these results, the importance of the biochemical functions (transport and/or metabolism) of 22:6n − 3 in the development of the neural system of surubim warrants further investigation. M.D. Noffs and R.C. Martino dedicate this study to the memory of Prof. Dr. Luiz Carlos Trugo.  相似文献   

14.
李楠  宋永刚  宋伦  王年斌  吴金浩  陈远 《河北渔业》2012,(5):14-18,24,55
通过对三山岛海珍品资源保护区和老偏岛玉皇顶海洋生态保护区进行跟踪监测,分析和评价"7.16大连湾新港石油管道爆炸溢油事故"发生较长时间后保护区的海洋生态环境健康状况,评估溢油事故对保护区海洋生态环境的影响,为政府和相关部门提供决策支持。监测和分析结果表明:调查海域石油类、COD、无机氮等水质指标均符合保护区水质要求,沉积物数据反映出石油污染造成的累积效应并不严重,浮游生物数量和生物量均处于正常水平,说明三山岛和老偏岛海洋生态保护区海域生态状况良好,受溢油事故影响已基本消除。  相似文献   

15.
Stearine fish oil (SFO) and palm oil (PO) have emerged as promising alternatives for the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the replacement of FO with alternative oils in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. In a clear brackish water study (14.1 g/L) utilizing shrimp (0.29 ± 0.02 g, initial weight), FO was replaced by SFO at inclusion ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (FO:SFO) and PO as 90% of FO. After 55 days, no significant differences (p < 0.05) in final weight, growth, or survival of shrimp were observed. A second trial (8 weeks) in low‐salinity water (2.1 g/L) with shrimp (0.92 ± 0.02 g, initial weight) evaluated diets with 100% FO, 100% SFO, 90% PO, 90% soybean oil (SO), or 90% flaxseed oil (FXO) as a replacement for FO and four commercially produced diets with 2% of FO, SO, PO, or FXO. One treatment received half rations of the commercial FO diet, and one treatment was based entirely on natural productivity. Results show that the fatty acid profiles of the tail muscle conformed to the lipids of the feed, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were preserved. Following 8 weeks of culture, there were no significant differences in production performance.  相似文献   

16.
This study evaluated the potential for manipulating the fatty acid composition of juvenile red seabream, Pagrus auratus. Prior to the start of the study, three groups of fish had been reared for 3 months on a fish oil based diet or diets where the added fish oil had been replaced with either canola or soybean oil. In the present study, fish that had previously been fed either the canola or soybean oil diets were fed a fish oil based diet. Three additional treatments included fish being maintained on their original diets of fish oil, canola oil or soybean oil. Fish were fed their respective diets twice daily to apparent satiety for 32 days. Samples of fish from each treatment were collected after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days. Composition and growth of the fish were determined at each sample point. Most treatments showed no differences in growth performance, although fish fed a fish oil diet after previously being fed a soybean oil diet showed slightly better growth. No significant differences among treatments were observed in proximate composition of the fish, although there was a significant increase in total fat and individual fatty acid (g kg?1 live‐weight) content of the fish from all treatments over the period of the study. No significant changes in the relative fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids) over time were observed in the three treatments where fish were maintained on their original diets. In contrast, fish that were previously fed either the canola or soybean oil diets and were then fed a fish oil diet had significant changes in both the relative (% of total fatty acids) and absolute (g kg?1 live‐weight) fatty acid content. Key changes observed included a decrease in the relative levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as 18 : 2n ? 6 and 18 : 3n ? 3. Increases in the relative levels of the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcPUFA) 20 : 5n ? 3 and 22 : 6n ? 3 were also observed in both treatments. The rates of absolute (g kg?1 live‐weight) change/accumulation of these fatty acids followed an exponential equation that differed for each fatty acid in each treatment. Examination of the retention efficiency of specific fatty acids also showed marked differences between fatty acids within treatments and also differences between treatments. Biologically important fatty acids such as 20 : 5n ? 3 and 22 : 6n ? 3 had only moderate retention efficiencies and these were unaffected by treatment. In contrast, the retention efficiencies of 18 : 2n ? 6 and 18 : 3n ? 3 suggested selective retention of these fatty acids when fed fish oil diets, but moderate catabolism when fed the plant oil diets. There were also high retention efficiencies of most saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids suggestive of active retention and/or active synthesis of these fatty acids by the fish. The results of this study, particularly the increases in lcPUFA, support the usefulness of a fish oil based finisher diet for fish raised predominantly on plant oil based diets.  相似文献   

17.
试验以异育银鲫为研究对象,分别以日粮中添加5.4%鱼油、5.4%豆油、5.4%菜籽油、5.4%亚麻油为脂肪源,选择健康、规格、体质量基本一致的异育银鲫336尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复、在可控温循环流水圆形蓄养槽内进行为期64 d的投喂试验,探讨不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:豆油组及菜籽油组增重率、特定生长率显著高于鱼油组,豆油组肥满度显著低于鱼油组及亚麻油组,各试验组末均体质量、饲料系数、肝体比及脏体比均没有显著差异(P>0.05);各组间肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白及粗灰分均无显著差异(P>0.05);不同饲料脂肪源对鱼体肌肉脂肪酸组成有显著影响,并且鱼体脂肪酸的组成与饲料脂肪酸的组成有很大相关性,其中鱼油组与菜籽油组有极显著相关性(P<0.01),豆油组显著相关(P<0.05);鱼油组的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其它组(P<0.05);各试验组间胰岛素、皮质醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅰ(CPT-Ⅰ)、肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅱ(CPT-Ⅱ)、脂肪酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,日粮中添加一定量的豆油、菜籽油或亚麻油同样能取得良好的生长效果,为以后生产中以菜籽油或亚麻油替代豆油或鱼油提供了理论依据,节约了生产成本。  相似文献   

18.
为研究不同储存时间、温度、抗氧化剂添加量处理的鱼油对斜带石斑鱼生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响,实验鱼油采用如下条件进行氧化处理:储存温度:4℃、环境温度(ambienttemperature,AT):(31.5±3.5)℃;抗氧化剂添加量:30 mg/kg(EQ)、300 mg/kg(HEQ);储存时间:45、90和135 d。根据鱼油储存方式的不同共分为14个处理组,分别为T_(F+EQ)(正对照组,新鲜鱼油+EQ)、T_F(负对照组,新鲜鱼油未加EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)、T_(4℃+90d+EQ)、T_(4℃+90d+HEQ)、T_(4℃+135d+EQ)、T_(4℃+135d+HEQ)、T_(AT+45d+EQ)、T_(AT+45d+HEQ)、T_(AT+90d+EQ)、T_(AT+90d+HEQ)、T_(AT+135d+EQ)、T_(AT+135d+HEQ),配制等氮等脂饲料。选择健康幼鱼[初重(18±0.02)g]进行实验,养殖8周。结果显示,T_(4℃+45d+EQ)组增重率与T_(F+EQ)组相比无显著差异,但是显著高于T_(AT+135d+EQ)组。T_(4℃+45d+EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)、T_(AT+45d+EQ)和T_(AT+45d+HEQ)组饲料系数较低,与T_(F+EQ)、T_F组比差异不显著,但显著低于T_(AT+135d+EQ)、T_(AT+135d+HEQ)组。T_(F+EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)组细胞结构明显,细胞内脂肪粒大小正常,T_(AT+135d+EQ)和T_(AT+135d+HEQ)组鱼油氧化程度较高,肝细胞中脂肪淤积现象明显。T_(4℃+135d+EQ)、T_(AT+135d+EQ)和T_(AT+135d+HEQ)组的CAT活力显著高于T_(F+EQ)、T_F组,SOD和GSHPx均在T_(AT+135d+EQ)组达到最高且显著高于T_(F+EQ)、T_F组。T_(4℃+45d+EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)、T_(AT+45d+EQ)和T_(AT+45d+HEQ)组肝脏中MDA含量与T_(F+EQ)、T_F组对比无明显差异,但是显著低于其余各组。研究表明,T_(4℃+45d+EQ)、T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)、T_(AT+45d+EQ)和T_(AT+45d+HEQ)组斜带石斑鱼鱼油生长性能和抗氧化指标相对良好,T_(4℃+45d+EQ)和T_(4℃+45d+HEQ)组更优于T_(AT+45d+EQ)和T_(AT+45d+HEQ)组,说明短期、添加抗氧化剂有利于鱼油的保存,4℃比环境温度保存效果更好。  相似文献   

19.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed three different diets for 110 days — a basal dry diet with 8.4% oil content (BD8), a basal dry diet with 11.1%; oil content (BD11) a nd an expanded diet with 20.7% oil content (ED) — to investigate the influence of high fish oil exp anded diet on fatty acid composition of muscle, and to evaluate nutritional properties of edible tissue. I n fact, the experimental diets were also different in their component fatty acids, with an in creasing content of 3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (3 HUFA) from BD8 to ED. As regards biomet rics data, the condition factor and the coefficient of fatness were higher in fish fed ED in com parison with groups BD8 and BD11 (p < 0.05 ED vs. BD8). On the other hand, hepatosomatic index in group ED was markedly lower than those in groups BD8 and BD11 (p < 0.05 ED vs. BD8 and E D vs. BD11). This could be explained by the lower amount of crude protein in ED or it may indicate an excess amount of essential fatty acids (EFA) in ED. As regards fatty acid composition of fish m uscle, there were only slight differences in fatty acid composition of the edible tissue of fish wh en compared with the differences in fatty acid composition of the diets. The increased amount of fish oil in ED had a positive influence on the final weight of fish (p < 0.05 ED vs. BD8 and ED vs. BD11), but did not affect proportionately the percentage of 3 HUFA (20:53, 22:53, 22:63) and therefore the derived indices of lipid quality: so it appears possible to partially substitute fish oil in the diet with other lipid as a source of dietary fat.  相似文献   

20.
Use of egg custard augmented with cod liver oil (CLO) fed during the day, and of an overnight feed with Moina micrura, were evaluated in terms of its effects on production of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae (PL). Four levels of CLO (0, 1,3 and 5%) were tested. Significantly higher mean (sd) productions, ranging from 11.27 (1.16) to 13.02 (1.70) PL l–1, were obtained for larvae fed egg custard enriched with CLO compared with that of 7.83 (1.58) PLl–1 for larvae fed egg custard without CLO. The development and survival of larval stages were also higher for the CLO diets. The -3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) in egg custard increased with increasing CLO level (0–5%). The fatty acid composition of postlarvae reflected the composition of the diet.  相似文献   

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