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1.
2017年7月~2019年4月期间,本研究采用大面观测、现场模拟实验与生长情况跟踪相结合的手段,基于Dame指标和Herman模型估算了胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的养殖容量。结果显示,调查期间,胶州湾水体的叶绿素a浓度为2.09~4.28 mg/m3,均值为3.07 mg/m3;不同规格(壳长2.29~3.59 cm)的菲律宾蛤仔单位个体的平均滤水率为0.45 L/(h?ind.),单位重量菲律宾蛤仔的平均滤水率为2.52 L/(g?h);菲律宾蛤仔1龄、2龄和3龄的平均干重分别为0.18、0.30和0.42 g;胶州湾的水团停留时间为52 d,初级生产时间为1.58 d,贝类滤水时间为2.09 d;1龄、2龄和3龄蛤仔的养殖容量分别为637、378和272 ind./m2。目前,菲律宾蛤仔养殖量已超过养殖容量,建议若以2龄蛤为采捕对象,适宜的播苗密度为582 ind./m2;若以3龄蛤为采捕对象,适宜的播苗密度为789 ind./m2。本研究结果可为保障胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖产业的绿色高质量发展提供理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

2.
桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)床周边存在大量的底栖菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum),为摸清菲律宾蛤仔的生理活动与大叶藻的相互作用,2016年5~7月,在菲律宾蛤仔和大叶藻集中分布区,评估了菲律宾蛤仔种群资源量,现场流水法测定了菲律宾蛤仔个体水平的摄食、代谢生理,围隔实验法探讨了种群水平蛤仔与大叶藻的相互作用。结果显示,桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻床海区菲律宾蛤仔的平均生物量为(572.00±20.23) ind./m2,大(壳长为3.50~4.10 cm)、中(壳长为3.00~3.50 cm)、小(壳长为2.00~3.00 cm)规格各占9.01%、43.60%和47.38%。菲律宾蛤仔的排氨率、耗氧率、滤水率、摄食率分别为(0.44±0.15)~(1.40±0.35) μmol/(ind.·h)、(0.21±0.02)~(0.33± 0.08) mg/(ind.·h)、(0.69±0.38)~(0.83±0.66) L/(ind.·h)和(2.57±0.41)~(3.41±0.68) mg/(ind.·h),且都随体重的增加而增大。围隔实验设有3个实验组(蛤仔组、大叶藻组和大叶藻+蛤仔组),1个空白组,每组3个平行(大叶藻30茎枝左右、蛤仔15个左右),实验进行4 h。研究表明,蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组和大叶藻组间的溶氧浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组与其他3组的氨氮浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组与空白组的水体颗粒物浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05),大叶藻组与空白组差异不显著(P>0.05)。桑沟湾楮岛海区菲律宾蛤仔养殖面积约为0.5 km2,蛤仔每天可以过滤46 t海水中的悬浮颗粒物,并为大叶藻提供0.4 t的氨氮。本研究为深入揭示大叶藻海区菲律宾蛤仔的生态作用提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

3.
凸壳肌蛤(Arcuatula senhousei)是虾蟹等养殖品种的优质饵料生物,也是极具养殖潜力的贝类品种。为了深入了解其生理代谢,利用室内静水法对不同温度(7℃、15℃、23℃、31℃)凸壳肌蛤的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率等生理指标进行了研究,并建立了能量收支方程。结果显示,23℃时的滤水率、摄食率、耗氧率、同化效率均显著高于其他温度梯度(P0.05),分别达到了1.09 L/(g·h)、24.46 mg/(g·h)、3.50 mg/(g·h)和62.93%;7℃时的滤水率、摄食率、耗氧率、排粪率、排氨率均低于其他温度梯度,分别为0.24 L/(g·h)、6.04 mg/(g·h)、1.02 mg/(g·h)、4.20 mg/(g·h)、2.33μmol/(g·h)。且滤水率、摄食率、耗氧率、同化效率随着温度升高都呈先升高后下降的趋势,在23℃时均达到最高值。不同温度下的能量收支方程为:100C=58.12F+46.74R+2.54U–7.40P(7℃);100C=44.28F+29.14R+1.85U+24.73P(15℃);100C=17.18F+41.81R+6.64U+34.37P(23℃);100C=53.35F+28.26R+14.66U+3.73P(31℃)。能量收支研究表明,生长能(P)、呼吸能(R)、排泄能(U)和粪便能(F)占摄食能(C)的比例分别为–7.4%~34.37%、28.26%~46.74%、1.85%~14.66%、17.18%~58.12%,23℃时生长能占摄食能的比例显著高于其他温度梯度(P0.05),达到了34.37%;7℃时最低,为–7.40%。研究结果为深入了解凸壳肌蛤的生理能量学提供了数据支撑。  相似文献   

4.
本试验开展了溴氰菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔的单因子急性毒性研究。溴氰菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔24h,48h、72h和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)值分别为0.95mg/L,0.125mg/L、0.075mg/L和0.0583mg/L,96h的安全质量浓度为0.649μg/L。在短时间(24h-96h)内,菲律宾蛤仔体中溴氰菊酯积累量的高低主要受控于其曝露时间的长短,并非取决于水体中溴氰菊酯浓度的高低。  相似文献   

5.
采用封闭流水式装置,研究斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼(Ictalurus Punctatus)(约9~11 g)在不同温度条件下(18,22和26℃)的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率变化情况。结果表明,在18,22和26℃时斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率分别为(171.66±33)mg/(kg·h),(97.22±26)mg/(kg·h)和(171.83±44)mg/(kg·h),26℃处理组的耗氧率最高,与22℃处理组具显著差异(P<0.05);氨氮排泄率也表现出随水温的升高而升高的趋势,18,22和26℃时其氨氮排泄率分别为(0.40±0.01)mg/(g·h),(0.44±0.01)mg/(g·h)和(0.58±0.01)mg/(g·h)。在22~26℃,斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率均随温度升高而升高。  相似文献   

6.
张继红  吴桃  高亚平  唐望 《水产学报》2013,37(5):727-734
采用室内静水法,研究了虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎、紫贻贝及菲律宾蛤仔对不同浓度、质量的牙鲆粪便、残饵、沉降物的摄食行为,从摄食生理角度,分析了基于滤食性贝类的鱼+贝IMTA养殖模式的可能性。研究结果显示,这5种贝类对鱼粪、残饵及网箱周围沉降物都可摄食,但是,不同贝类对食物可获得性的反应不同。菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝的摄食率显著高于其它2种贝类;5种贝类的吸收率、吸收效率无显著性差异。不同饵料对贝类的摄食行为影响显著。吸收效率(AE)都随有机物含量的增加而增大;对有机物的吸收率(AR)与有机物浓度(POM)呈线性正相关关系。颗粒物TPM浓度达到26.24,21.64,27.00 mg/L时,长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝会产生假粪来调节摄入的能量。在牙鲆+滤食性贝类的IMTA养殖模式中,菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝是比较好的候选种。  相似文献   

7.
为研究海水酸化和重金属污染物对滩涂贝类的联合影响,采用静态急性毒性实验方法,以自然海水(pH 8.2)为对照,研究了不同酸化条件下(pH 7.7和7.3),菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)耗氧率(OR)、滤水率(FR)和心率对重金属Cu (0、0.06和0.60 mg/L)和Cd (0、0.03和0.30 mg/L)胁迫的生理响应。结果显示,Cu胁迫显著降低了蛤仔的OR和FR (P<0.05),随胁迫时间的延长,蛤仔心率显著下降(P<0.05)。Cd胁迫对蛤仔OR和FR无显著影响(P>0.05),但在0.30 mg/L Cd胁迫下,随着时间的增加,蛤仔心率显著升高(P<0.05)。pH 7.7和7.3两种酸化胁迫对蛤仔的OR和FR无显著影响(P>0.05),但在pH 7.3的海水中,蛤仔心率出现短暂下降并快速恢复的现象。研究表明,蛤仔短期暴露于Cu、Cd或酸化海水中均会影响其生理功能,影响程度排序为Cu>Cd>pH。实验中未发现短期海水酸化与Cu或Cd对菲律宾蛤仔存在联合毒性效应。本研究分析了菲律宾蛤仔响应海水酸化和重金属胁迫的机制,同时探讨了把贝类心率作为环境胁迫指标的可行性。  相似文献   

8.
利用封闭呼吸室对同一日龄、不同规格的红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀和菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代幼鱼进行耗氧率和临界窒息点的研究。试验结果表明,水温14.8~15.6℃时,体质量(37.24±3.64)g的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.3385±0.0161)mg/(g.h),体质量(14.45±1.08)g的菊黄东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.2327±0.0241)mg/(g.h),体质量(27.96±1.38)g的杂交F1代东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.2282±0.0219)mg/(g.h);同一日龄不同规格红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀和杂交东方鲀幼鱼的耗氧量分别为(12.5243±0.6720)、(3.3544±0.2975)、(5.8469±0.9537)mg/(h.尾);3种东方鲀的耗氧率呈明显的昼夜节律,白天平均耗氧率显著高于夜晚。水温为14.8~15.6℃时,红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀及杂交东方鲀幼鱼的临界窒息点分别为0.665、0.882mg/L和0.774mg/L。  相似文献   

9.
多棘海盘车对四种贝类摄食率和选择性的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在水温为22~24℃,盐度29.6,溶解氧6.9 mg/L,pH 8.01的条件下,研究了多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种贝类栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的摄食与食物选择性,以期了解多棘海盘车摄食生理生态学特性。结果表明:当只有一种贝类作为饵料时,多棘海盘车对不同贝类的摄食率差异极显著(P<0.01)。其中,对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.005 7~0.008 0 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为7~20 mm),其次是贻贝为0.003 5~0.004 9 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为10~21 mm),对栉孔扇贝的摄食率最小,为0.001 4~0.002 8 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为14~31 mm)。同时,多棘海盘车的摄食率还表现出一定的昼夜差异,夜间的摄食率大于白天,但差异并不显著(P>0.05)。当4种贝类同时作为饵料存在时,多棘海盘车对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.003 0 g干重/(h.只),其次是贻贝为0.001 7 g干重/(h.只),以摄食率评价摄食选择,多棘海盘车对于该4种贝类具有明显的选择性(P<0.05),其摄食选择性的顺序为:东方缝栖蛤,贻贝,菲律宾蛤仔,栉孔扇贝。  相似文献   

10.
利用实验生态学方法研究了不同温度(17、21、25℃)对黄带拟鲹Pseudocaranx dentex(389.34 g±49.70 g)耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点的影响。结果显示:17℃组耗氧率为(0.26±0.01)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.12±0.25)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.85±0.13)mg/L;21℃组耗氧率为(0.37±0.02)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.99±0.18)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.93±0.08)mg/L;25℃组耗氧率为(0.52±0.03)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(5.23±0.21)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(1.24±0.10)mg/L。黄带拟鲹的耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点均随温度的升高而升高,且温度对耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P0.05)。同时,O/N比值在81.62~105.38,表明试验水温条件下黄带拟鲹的主要供能物质为脂肪和碳水化合物。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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