鲢鳙线粒体DNA的九种限制性内切酶酶场图谱的比较

以十一种限制性内切酶对鲢鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ进行单酶完全酶解的切点数：ＳａｌＩ和ＢｇｌⅡ为０；ＰｓｔＩ．ＸｈｏＩ．ＫｐｎＩ和ＳａｃＩ为１；ＨｐａＩ和ＸｂａＩ为２；ＢａｍＨＩ为３；ＢｇｌＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ为４。以九种限制性内切酶对鳙鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ进行单酶完全酶解，其切点数；ＰｓｔＩ．ＸｈｏＩ．ＳａｌＩ．ＫｐｎＩ．ＢｇｌⅡ均为１；ＨＰａＩ和ＸｂａＩ为２；ＳａｃＩ为３；ＢｇｌＩ为４。采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测得鲢鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子量为１５９３０±２２０碱基对（ｂｐ）；鳙鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子量为１６６５０±１５０碱基对（ｂｐ）。用单、双酶解法和部份酶解法构建了鲢鱼九种酶１８个切点和鳙鱼九种酶１６个切点的限制性内切酶酶切图谱。另外，对这两种鱼的酶解位点数，片段大小和限制酶图谱进行了比较。     

条纹斑竹浙江省鲨线粒体DNA的研究

用６种限制性内切酶分析了４条条纹斑竹鲨的线粒体ＤＮＡ，ＰｓｔＩ，ＨｐａＩ，ＸｂａＩ，ＥｃｏＲＩ，ＥｃｏＲＶ，ＢｇｌⅡ在条纹斑竹鲨ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具有０至２个切点，ｍｔＤＮＡ分子大小为１６．６ｋｂ，根据单酶和双酶完全酶解片段的大小，构建了条纹斑竹浙江省ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制性酶切图谱。     

鲢鳙线粒体DNA的九种限制性内切酶酶切图谱的比较

以十一种限制性内切酶对鲢鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ进行单酶完全酶解的切点数：ＳａＩ和ＢｇｌⅡ为０；Ｐｓｔ Ｉ．Ｋｐｎ Ｉ和Ｓａｃ ｉ为１；Ｈｐａ和Ｘｂａ Ｉ为２；ＢａｍＨ Ｉ为３；Ｂｇｌ Ｉ和ＥｃｏＲ Ｉ为４。以九种限制性内切酶对鳙鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ进行单酶完全酶解，其切点数：Ｐｓｔ Ｉ．Ｘｈｏ Ｉ．Ｓａｌ Ｉ．Ｋｐｎ Ｉ．Ｂｇｌ Ⅱ均为１；Ｈｐａ Ｉ和Ｘｂａ Ｉ为２；Ｓａｃ Ｉ为３；Ｂｇｌ Ｉ为４。采用琼脂糖凝胶电     

两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼遗传差异和分子遗传标记↑（*）

用ＡｐａⅠ，Ｂｃ１Ⅰ，Ｂｇ１Ⅱ，ＤｒａⅠ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ，ＥｃｏＲＶ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＫｐｎⅠ，ＰｓｔⅠ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＳａｃⅠ，ＸｂａⅠ，ＸｈｏⅠ等１３种限制性核酸内切酶对来自尼罗河上游和下游的两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行酶切分析，得到这两种罗非鱼的ｍｔＤＮＡ分子大小为：上游尼罗为１６９０９±９０ｂｐ，下游尼罗为１６９１２±１００ｂｐ。研究中还发现我国养殖的这两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼，每一群体内个体间均存在ｍｔＤＮＡ酶切片段长度多态现象，而且群体间在ｍｔＤＮＡ水平上具有一定差异，依此构建了这两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性内切酶酶切图谱，建立了识别它们的分子遗传标记。     

草鱼线粒体DNA限制性内切酶分析

本文报道了用ＢａｍＨⅠ，ＢｇｌⅠ，ＢｇｌⅡ，ＣｌａＩ，ＥｃｏＲＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＳａｃⅠ，ＸｂａⅠ，ＸｈｏⅠ等十种限制性内切酶酶切草鱼线粒体ＤＮＡ，计算出各酶切片段长度及草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ大小。其中六种酶有多个切点，在所检测的样品中未发现碱基替换。     

湖北淤泥湖团头舫mtDNA限制性片段长度多态性的研究

用ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎＩ、ＰｓｔＩ，ＰｖｕⅡＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳｃａＩ、ＸｂａＩ，ＸｂａＩ和ＸｈｏＩ十四种限制性内切酶对来源于湖北淤泥湖的团头舫进行线粒体ＤＮＡ限制性片估长度多态性研究。初步表明ＤＮＡ上切点呈现不同程度的多态性。共检测到六种母集集团。发现一尾团头舫ｍｔＤＮＡ分子大小比普通型鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ小约０．７０ｋｂ。呈现出ｍｔＤＮＡ发子大小多态现象。     

鱼类线粒体DNA多态研究和应用进展

自８０年代以来，线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）分析在动物进化遗传学、分子生态学、遗传多样性及其保护学领域得到了广泛应用。国内对鱼类ｍｔＤＮＡ的研究，主要集中于对ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性内切酶酶切图谱的构建和分子大小的估算［１～５，８～１５］。为了提高ｍｔＤＮＡ在...     

动物线粒体DNA研究及在鱼类种群遗传结构研究中的应用

ｍｔＤＮＡ是核外遗传物质，呈母系遗传［Ｂｒｅｓｃｈ１９８４］。由于其结构简单，易于分离，进化较快等特点［Ｂｒｏｗｎ１９７４］，在动植物种群遗传结构分析、物种及品系鉴定方面得到了广泛的应用。线粒体ＤＮＡ酶切技术在国外已被遗传学家用于鱼类种群遗传结构及品...     

对虾病毒HHNBV DNA构建质粒的研究与分析

用ＰＵＣ１８构建了对虾病毒ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ重组质粒，提取后经斑点杂交及酶切分析，证实质粒中插入片段为病毒ＤＮＡ，其中０５＃质粒的插入片段大于２Ｋｂ，与质粒的分子量相近。对０５＃质粒酶切后的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交亦取得了满意的结果。同时，还对０５＃质粒的插入片段进行了内切酶图谱分析，共进行了ＥｃｏＲｌ、Ｈｉｎｄｌｌｌ、Ｓｍａｌｌ、Ｐｓｔｌ、ＰＵＶｌ、Ｈｉｎｄｌｌ６种限制性内切酶分析，结果表明，只有Ｐｓｔｌ在插入片段的一端有一个酶切位点，酶切位点的确切位置有待于进一步确定。     

中国对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（HHNBV）DNA探针的制备及应用

ＨＨＮＢＶ是１９９３年中国对虾暴发性流行病的主要病原之一。从纯化的病毒中提取ＤＮＡ，用ＥｃｏＲｌ限制性内切酶酶切成ＤＮＡ片段，与ＰＵＣ１８体外重组，建立ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ文库。从中筛选出三个重组质粒（５＃、８＃、９＃），它们所插入的片段大小分别为：２．８Ｋｂ、０．８Ｋｂ、１．６Ｋｂ，它们分别用光敏生物素标记成探针，与感染ＨＨＮＢＶ的病虾ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应，以此利用制备的ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ探针的高敏感性和特异性来检测虾病。     

黑龙江野鲤线粒体DNA限制性内切酶酶切分析

本文运用HaeIII、HindIII、EcoRI、BamHI、PstI、ClaI、HpaI、SalI、SacI等 9种限制性内切酶对来自黑龙江抚远江段的 40个黑龙江野鲤样本进行线粒体DNA的酶切电泳分析 ,其切点分别为 7、6、4、3、1、1、1、1、1。分子量约为 1 0 1 2× 1 0 6 相当于 1 6 49Kb     

Effects of short-term feed restriction on production, processing and body shape traits in market-weight channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

The effects of feed restriction on channel catfish production, processing yield (carcass and fillet), visceral composition and body shape traits were determined. Channel catfish (initial mean weight =0.77 kg) were stocked into six 0.04‐ha ponds at ～5775 kg ha^?1. Two ponds were assigned to each of three feeding regimes for a 4‐week trial: fed daily to satiation, fed once weekly to satiation and not fed. Fish were measured for weight, processing yield and visceral components after 2 and 4 weeks, and for body shape after 4 weeks. Growth was fastest in fish fed daily, intermediate in fish fed weekly and slowest in unfed fish. There were no differences in survival among feeding regimes. After covariate adjustment for weight differences, fish fed daily had shorter, thicker bodies, and smaller heads than fish from feed‐restricted treatments. Carcass yield was higher for females than males and higher at week 2 than at week 4, but was not affected by feeding regime. Fillet yield was higher for females than males, higher at week 2 than at week 4, and higher for fish fed daily than for feed‐restricted fish (fed once weekly and not fed). Viscerosomatic index (VSI), visceral fat‐somatic index (VFI) and hepatosomatic index were higher at week 2 than at week 4, and highest for fish fed daily, intermediate for fish fed weekly and lowest for unfed fish. Hepatosomatic index and VSI were higher for females than males, but VFI was not different between genders. The female gonadosomatic index increased over time but was not affected by feeding regime. Short‐term feed restriction had negative impacts on growth and fillet yield. Processors could benefit by marketing severely feed‐restricted channel catfish as carcasses rather than fillets since fillet yield declined but carcass yield was unchanged by feed restriction.     

肉用仔鸡早期限食饲养试验

试验对7日龄肉用仔鸡进行了10d限食饲养,限食量分别为对照组的70%、60%、55%和50%,到56日龄时,除限食量为50%组日增重较低外,其它各试验组分别比对照组提高8.5%(P〈0.05)、7.5%(P<0.05)和6.79%,饲料报酬和心脏病发生率以限食量为60%和55%的试验组较好。试验就肉用仔鸡实施限制性饲养进行初探,旨在提供一个降低养鸡成本的途径。     

Body growth, mitochondrial enzymatic capacities and aspects of the antioxidant system and redox balance under calorie restriction in young turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.)

Calorie restriction (CR) without undernutrition has been found to enhance stress resistance and life span in endotherms and ectotherms. We investigated the effect of 30% reduction in food offering on growth, aerobic capacities and oxidative stress parameters in young turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.). No differences in body weight, length and hepatosomatic index between the ad libitum (AL)-fed and the CR group occurred after 55 days of diet application. Of the mitochondrial marker enzymes, only citrate synthase (CS) activity in the liver was reduced under CR, whereas muscle CS activity and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) activity in both tissues remained the same in both feeding groups. The concentration of reduced glutathione increased significantly during feeding in muscle of CR fish, resulting in a more reduced glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) compared with AL fish muscle. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive lipid hydroperoxides (lipid peroxidation) but not protein carbonyl content (protein oxidation) was significantly reduced in CR fish muscle. Liver oxidative stress parameters did not vary significantly between experimental feeding groups. We conclude that 30% CR over 8 weeks has no adverse effect on young turbot. On the contrary, CR supports a reduced tissue oxidation state and reduces accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in muscle at sustained muscular aerobic capacity.     

应用RD-PCR技术构建溶藻弧菌的cDNA文库

应用限制性显示PCR(RD-PCR)技术构建溶藻弧菌poly(A)化mRNA的cDNA文库,筛选,收集巧妙地解决了由于细菌mRNA poly(A)化位点的高度多态性、用常规方法构建原核cDNA文库所遇到的文库大量重复冗余的难题。并进行筛选、收集cDNA片段进行测序,根据测序结果进行生物信息学分析和结果验证。实验结果表明,我们成功地构建了溶藻弧菌poly (A)化mRNA的cDNA文库,获得一百多个基因片段并对其中53个基因片段进行测序分析,获得了如细菌Ⅲ型分泌系统易位蛋白、趋药性传感器、类丝氨酸蛋白酶等毒力相关因子的基因片断。并且在一定程度上证实了poly(A)化在细菌中不是个别和偶然的现象。实验结果说明了我们所构建的溶藻弧菌poly(A)化mRNA的cDNA文库质量高,文库基因片段的重复性低,筛选基因片段效率高、目的性强。本文并探讨了限制性显示PCR技术在细菌poly(A)化mRNA的cDNA1文库构建中的应用价值。     

Growth,survival, body composition and amino acid profile of Macrobrachium borellii against the limitation of feeds with different C:N ratios with comments about application in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture

One way to attain more sustainable aquaculture systems is through the species diversification and optimization of the feed input, such as obtained by integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Macrobrachium borellii is a native freshwater prawn that reunites many useful features to be implemented in an IMTA. The aim of this study was to gather information about to which extent M. borellii can survive, grow and maintain body composition against feed limitation. The C:N ratios of feedstuffs were variable in order to simulate a hypothetical scenario of an integrated culture with fish of different trophic habits. The nutritional aspects (amino acid profile and proximal composition) of feeds and prawns were also analysed. Macrobrachium borellii could grow, survive and maintain the proximal content and C:N ratio of its muscle tissue with all feedstuffs but exhibited higher biomass gain and specific growth rate consuming feeds with lower C:N ratios. In this view, the integration of this prawn with omnivore or carnivore fish species should be recommended. The amino acid profile exhibited little variation before and after the experimental period, and was rich in lysine, leucine and arginine. In this study, it was also discussed the nutritional aspects of M. borelliii as a valuable by‐product to human and animal nutrition.     

鱼类补偿生长的研究进展

本文综述了鱼类补偿生长的概念、影响因素及其生理机制,以通过其理论探讨建立科学的饲养模式,为水产养殖生产提供新的投喂途径。     

限食以及再充分投喂对鲻鱼血液生化指标的影响

2001年12月—2002年3月,水温为19~24℃,对鲻鱼[初始体重:(204.42±23.13)g]进行了不同时间的限食处理后再充分投喂的恢复生长试验。试验设定2种投喂方式,对照组(饱食组)在试验期间正常投喂;限食组(半饱组)在限食期投喂量为饱食组的1/2,重喂期则恢复投喂。试验期为8周。分别在限食期的第0、1、2、4周和重喂期第1、2、4周取样,每次6条鱼。试验结果表明:限食状态下,鲻鱼半饱组血糖、血脂和血浆蛋白含量均显著降低;再充分投喂后,各血液生化指标均恢复到对照组水平。鲻鱼限食4周后,在4个星期的恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应。