松江鲈鱼繁殖习性的调查研究

本文对松江鲈鱼繁殖洄游、产卵场作了报道，对松江鲈鱼的胚胎发育和幼鱼形态作了描述和研究。松江鲈鱼是一种降海产卵鱼类，在淡水中长成的亲鱼于每年十一月开始向河口洄游，进入浅海产卵。产卵盛期在二月下旬至三月上旬；黄海南部潮间带的蛎牙礁是松江鲈鱼的一个产卵场；卵产于牡蛎壳堆的洞穴顶部。雌鱼产卵后即离开洞穴移向沿岸近处开始索饵；雄鱼留在洞中有护卵的习性，护卵结束后亦离开产卵场开始索饵。雌鱼的怀卵量是5100-12800粒。产出的卵具很强的粘性，结成团块，呈桔红、桔黄色或淡黄色，卵径为1．48—1．58毫米。受精卵在4—14℃水温条件下，约经26天孵化。在胚胎发育中见不到鳔的原基。刚孵化的仔鱼全长5．3—6．3毫米，偶可作垂直运动，但更多时间静卧水底。每年的4—6月，幼鱼溯河进入淡水成长。为保护松江鲈鱼资源，应充分注意到它过河口繁殖的习性，应适时开放通海河道的水闸，以利于亲鱼降海产卵和幼鱼溯河进入淡水育肥。     

褐毛鱨胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼发育形态研究

褐毛鱨受精卵在水温25．8℃-26．5℃，盐度32的条件下，孵化时间为17h 30min，胚胎发育分为28期；在室内人工育苗，培育水温为23．8℃～26．2℃，盐度23-28，饵料依次为牡蛎幼虫、经营养强化的轮虫、卤虫幼体、桡足类的条件下，4日龄全长2．80mm进入仔鱼后期，18日龄全长10．50mm进入稚鱼期，25日龄全长23．00mm，全身鳞被完整进入幼鱼期。     

温度、盐度、pH对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织耗氧量的影响

运用SKW-3微量呼吸仪对卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）幼鱼离体鳃组织的耗氧量进行了测定，研究了温度、盐度、pH对卯形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织耗氧量和单位呼吸面积耗氧量的影响。结果显示，卵形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织的耗氧量和单位呼吸面积的耗氧量均随着温度、盐度、pH的上升而逐渐增高，在水温27℃、盐度28和pH8．5时，离体鳃组织的耗氧量达到最大值；在水温27℃、盐度23和pH8．5时单位呼吸面积的耗氧量达最大值；随后耗氧量均逐渐减小。经方差分析，温度、盐度、pH对离体鳃组织耗氧量的影响均显著（P〈0．05）；温度和盐度对离体鳃组织单位呼吸面积的耗氧量影响极显著（P〈0．01）；pH对离体鳃组织单位呼吸面积的耗氧量影响也达显著水平（P〈0．05）；其中盐度为18和33这2组的离体鳃组织耗氧量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

方斑东风螺人工育苗技术

本文报道了方斑东风螺人工育苗试验．方斑东风螺亲螺日摄食率5—8％，亲螺夜间产卵，具卵囊，每个卵囊含卵约1千粒，以卵囊柄粘附于池底，呈悬浮状态。在水温28．0—29．0℃，盐度29的条件下，受精卵孵出卵囊的时间5—7d。浮游幼虫投喂角毛藻，孵化第13d开始出现变态的稚螺。浮游期壳长日均生长67．5um。池底铺沙培育稚螺，变态15d的稚螺，壳长可达3mm。     

淡水石斑鱼人工繁殖技术研究

对淡水石斑鱼的繁殖频率与水温、激素催熟的相关关系进行了研究，结果显示：淡水石斑鱼的繁殖频率随水温的升高而加快；注射LHRH—A2，可加快繁殖频率，注射剂量为0．8-1．0μg/kg(♀体重)时，有利于提高孵化率。此外，对亲鱼年龄与受精卵孵化率的关系及不同批次苗种生长的研究结果显示，2—4龄亲鱼产的卵，其孵化率在60％-70％；而在26—28℃情况下，不同批次苗种间的生长差异不大；在自然水温条件下，不同批次苗种间的生长存在差异。     

斑点叉尾鮰胚胎和幼苗发育的观察

斑点叉尾鮰卵为圆球形、桔黄色，属于沉性，透明并具有粘性，卵与卵之间的粘性较强，产出时互相粘合成不规则的块状。卵的平均直径为3．457mm，受精卵在水温25．5—29℃时，出膜时间为146小时56分钟(6天以上)。孵化出膜的仔鱼呈金黄色，卵黄桃红色，体较透明，体全长7．89—8．13mm，平均为7．95mm。出膜4天后，开始摄食，转入混合营养阶段，10天左右器官分化完善。出膜后仔鱼集群堆积于水体底部。眼晶体、黑色素和嗅囊出现，心脏形成和搏动，内耳、尾和胸鳍原基形成，开始血液循环及红色素，鳃弓、鳃丝和鳃盖原基形成，消化道、肛门和肝脏等均在出膜之前形成。     

双齿围沙蚕胚胎及幼体发育的研究

2003-2004年，观察了双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)胚胎及幼体发育。结果表明，成熟卵为绿色，卵径175-228μm，多油球；胚胎发育经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期；后担轮幼虫期胚体脱卵膜孵化；幼体从3刚节疣足幼虫开始，在3刚节疣足幼虫后期开始摄食；4刚节疣足幼虫后期纤毛轮消失，进入匍匐阶段；10刚节疣足幼虫形态与生态都与成体相似；从受精卵发育到4刚节疣足幼虫的时间在不同水温情况下变化较大，水温在25-26℃为118h、而水温在27．5～32℃为82h。     

大鲵人工繁殖技术初步研究

利用长200m、宽5．2m、高4．5m的山洞，在6m^2和0．48m^2的养殖池中用石板材和鹅卵石搭设人工洞穴，以人工养殖的Ⅴ-Ⅶ龄的子二代大鲵作为亲体开展人工繁殖研究。亲鲵培育水温19．0～20．5℃，pH7．2—7．3，DO5．8～7．4mg／L，光照〈300Lux；催产选择在7月上旬进行。激素选用LRH-A2＋HCG，剂量LRH—A2 10-20ug／kg＋HCG1000～2000IU／kg，雌雄同剂量。一次性腹腔注射；受精卵孵化温度18～18．5℃，pH7．2～7．3，DO6．0—8．0mg／L，光照〈100Lux。2010年7月催产雌鲵26尾，雄鲵24尾，催产后第4d，4尾雌鲵产卵3800粒，获受精卵962粒，受精率25．32％。受精卵经35—38d的孵化，共孵出稚鲵172尾，孵化率为17．88％。     

海水及氨水对九孔鲍卵催熟的研究

分别于水温26℃、盐度32的条件下和水温24℃、盐度32以及产卵后用0．002％的氨水刺激卵子的条件下，利用光学显微镜观察了九孔鲍排出体外的成熟未受精卵的形态，并研究了形态与时间、受精与时间的关系。实验结果表明，在水温为26℃、盐度为32的条件下，卵子在排出后开始吸水膨胀，卵趋于卵膜中间。产卵20min后，卵子吸收了一定水分，卵才有受精能力，在排卵后25－50min，在用有很强活力的精子的前提下，受精率达到最高值，而在排卵2h后，卵子开始失水，卵趋于卵膜一侧，卵的受精能力开始大幅度下降。在水温24℃、盐度为32及产卵后用0．002％的氨水刺激卵子的条件下，6min后，卵子吸收了一定水分，卵大多数成熟。     

多鳞鱚生物学特性及室内养殖试验

介绍了多鳞鱚的分布、形态、生态习性、食性和繁殖等生物学特性。湛江沿海多鳞鱚繁殖季节为4-11月份，繁殖高峰在4—5月、8—10月，生殖旺季水温25～28℃，产卵适宜水温24～29℃。选择5～7cm天然捕捞多鳞鱚幼鱼在室内进行养殖试验，15cm以下体长增长较明显，15cm以上体重增加较明显，体重（W）与全长（TL）的关系为：W=0．004TL3．1902，（R^2=0．9977）。     

金沙江下游中华沙鳅的资源现状、繁殖特性及人工繁育的初步研究

2011年5～12月,对金沙江屏山以下江段中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris)的资源现状、繁殖特性进行了调查,并在实验室对该鱼的人工繁育进行了探索。所获中华沙鳅雄鱼(n=251)平均体长81.3 mm,平均体重8.7 g;雌鱼(n=486)平均体长109.7 mm,平均体重15.9 g。屏山调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的2.68%,日均单船产量平均为0.12 kg;安边调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的0.17%,日均单船产量平均为0.06 kg。雌雄性比为1.31∶1;雌、雄最小性成熟年龄均为2+龄。雌鱼的绝对怀卵量最大值为5 948粒,平均为4 455粒。中华沙鳅属一次性产卵类型,在流水中产漂流性卵;繁殖高峰期在5～6月。人工繁育时,受精卵在水温25～26℃孵化29 h仔鱼出膜,孵化率约70%,刚出膜仔鱼全长4.9～5.1 mm。半年后幼鱼的成活率为11.13%,全长约30 mm。     

On the induced spawning and larval rearing of milkfish,Chanos chanos (Forskal)

A female milkfish, captured at sea, was injected with two hormonal injections of acetone-dried salmon pituitary powder and human chorionic gonadotropin, plus Vitamin B complex. It was stripped, and produced 128,000 ripe eggs with an average diameter of 1.15 mm. Fertilization rate was 38% following artificial fertilization with milt from an uninjected male. A total of 36,000 larvae hatched (74% of fertile eggs) after 26–32 h at 34 ‰ salinity and 27–32°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 3.4 mm in mean total length and possessed a large yolk sac. The mouth of the larvae opened about 54 h after hatching. The larvae were fed with fertilized oyster eggs, rotifers, copepods, brine shrimp, flour and prepared feed, together with Chlorella. A critical period was between the 4th and 6th days with mortality over 80%. The larvae started increasing in length by Day 8, and had the appearance of the wild fry by Day 11. On Day 13 a pigmentation pattern developed and the biggest larva measured 10.0 mm. By Day 18 the larvae measured 12.5 mm, and 14.5 mm by Day 21. A total of 2,859 fry was obtained; the highest larval survival rate obtained from different experimental groups was 46.8%.     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

大黄鱼（♀）与黄姑鱼（♂）人工杂交子代的胚胎发育

2008年10月,在福建宁德水产技术推广站进行了大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea,♀）×黄姑鱼（Nibea alb-iflora,♂）杂交,观察了杂交子代胚胎发育。大黄鱼和黄姑鱼亲鱼平均体质量和体长分别为405 g、27.9 cm和390g、24.8cm,采用干法人工授精。受精卵浮性,为单油球端黄卵,卵径1060～1500μm,油球379.8μm左右。在水温25.8～26.2℃,盐度26的条件下,经18h55min半数受精卵破膜,胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、肌节出现期、心跳期、肌肉效应期、出膜前期和出膜期,初孵仔鱼全长2.75～2.98mm,受精率约为14.4%,孵化率约为31.9%,畸形率约为30%。共培育杂交初孵仔鱼5万尾。3日龄仔鱼开口摄食轮虫,7日龄开始摄食小型挠足类。     

大黄鱼（♀）与黄姑鱼（♂）人工杂交子代的胚胎发育

2008年10月,在福建宁德水产技术推广站进行了大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea,♀）×黄姑鱼（Nibea alb-iflora,♂）杂交,观察了杂交子代胚胎发育。大黄鱼和黄姑鱼亲鱼平均体质量和体长分别为405 g、27.9 cm和390g、24.8cm,采用干法人工授精。受精卵浮性,为单油球端黄卵,卵径1060～1500μm,油球379.8μm左右。在水温25.8～26.2℃,盐度26的条件下,经18h55min半数受精卵破膜,胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、肌节出现期、心跳期、肌肉效应期、出膜前期和出膜期,初孵仔鱼全长2.75～2.98mm,受精率约为14.4%,孵化率约为31.9%,畸形率约为30%。共培育杂交初孵仔鱼5万尾。3日龄仔鱼开口摄食轮虫,7日龄开始摄食小型挠足类。     

Reproduction, gamete supply and larval rearing of New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite 1910) and brill Colistium guntheri (Hutton 1873): a potential new aquaculture species

New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite 1910) and brill Colistium guntheri (Hutton 1873) were studied to assess their potential for aquaculture development. The reproductive cycle of wild fish showed a long spawning season from winter to summer, during which it is possible to obtain gametes. Both species have a diurnal ovulatory cycle, and gamete collection, by stripping and fertilizing at sea, was most successful within 2–3 h before and after sunset. Male reproductive anatomy suggests that these flatfish spawn in close proximity and that pair formation is highly likely. The eggs of both species have multiple oil droplets, turbot eggs being slightly larger (0.99 mm diameter) with more droplets (18–55) than brill eggs (0.97 mm, 13–26 droplets). Hatching occurred approximately 84 h after fertilization at 14 °C. Newly hatched turbot averaged 2.2 mm in length, and brill averaged 2.1 mm. First feeding began 4 days post-hatch (DPH). During larval rearing, rotifers were replaced by Artemia nauplii at 10 DPH. Metamorphosis commenced at 12–15 DPH and was completed and the larvae settled by 45 DPH. Weaning to inert foods began at 20–22 DPH (50 mg weight) and was completed by 57 DPH. Survival of turbot was 22.8% from fertilized egg to hatching, 7.3% through incubation to 22 DPH and 2.1% through incubation to fully weaned juveniles. Weaning success for turbot from metamorphosis to 57 DPH was 31.5%.     

Larval development in European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) reared in a semi-intensive culture system

Eggs of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) were stripped from fish caught at sea. Larvae were kept under semi‐intensive conditions at around 12°C. In addition, eggs were incubated in single wells at 9.2, 12.7 and 14.5°C, where hatching, development and survival were closely examined. During the larval stage, a total of 299 larvae were sampled to follow development and growth. In addition a small number of juveniles were sampled. Larvae hatched approximately 4 days after fertilization, and were 2.9 mm in total length (TL). At 6‐day post hatching (dph), the larvae were 4.1 mm (TL), the jaw apparatus was developed, and the larvae had started to feed. Most of the growth during the early larval period is restricted to the head, and there is almost no increase in length for the first 3–4 weeks post hatching. Teeth and pelvic fins appear at 25 dph. Development of unpaired fins at approximately 30 dph marks the start of the larval–juvenile transition. Weaning to formulated feed was accomplished 50 dph, when external morphology was similar to that of adult hake.     

中华鲟早期发育中17β-雌二醇和睾酮水平变化的初步观察

采用放射免疫分析测定法(RIA)对人工繁殖的中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)早期发育阶段中17β-雌二醇(17β-estradiol,E2)和睾酮(testosterone,T)的整体水平进行了测定。实验共测定了4批次(分别来自4尾雌鲟)受精卵及仔鱼的E2和T水平,结果表明:中华鲟胚胎发育期间E2水平在小范围内波动,T水平除胚胎发育早期出现上升外总体呈下降趋势;仔鱼出膜后E2水平开始逐渐上升,T水平是先降低后又逐渐升高。其中第1批次的测定结果(单位为pg/gtissue)为:胚胎发育期间E2水平在1.37~7.38之间波动,仔鱼出膜后3d为5.21,出膜后9d为37.26;胚胎发育期间T水平最低为293.58,最高为1420.41,仔鱼出膜后4d为117.96,出膜后7d为27.25,出膜后9d为148.48。对于仔鱼出膜后体内高水平的E2和T的来源,推测其可能与仔鱼自身合成性类固醇激素有关。另外,本实验中还发现,质量较差的卵子T水平明显低于质量较好者。     

Changes in proximate and amino acid composition during early development of two Australian Percichthyid fish, Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier, and trout cod, Maccullochella macquarensis (Cuvier)

In the present paper, the results of a study on changes in the proximate and amino acid composition of the eggs and larvae of two Australian native Percichthyid fish, Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier, and trout cod, Maccullochella macquarensis (Cuvier), are presented. The stages of development studied were unfertilized and fertilized eggs, newly hatched larvae, and post-yolk-sac larvae (in Macquarie perch only). In Macquarie perch, significant changes in moisture content occurred throughout development, but this was not so in trout cod. The protein content (per cent dry weight) in Macquarie perch larvae only decreased significantly after hatching (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the total lipid (by dry weight) increased significantly during this transformation (P < 0.05), and decreased significantly in yolk-sac-resorbed larvae. In trout cod, the protein and lipid content did not change significantly up to hatching. The ash content increased significantly in newly hatched and yolk-sac-resorbed larvae of both species. The total amino acid contents of unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, newly hatched larvae and yolk-sac-resorbed larvae of Macquarie perch and trout cod were 5752, 4652, 3696 and 2723 μmol g^?1 (dry weight), and 4688. 3448 and 2329 μmol g^?1, respectively. In the amino acid pool in Macquarie perch, the essential amino acids (EAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine, and the non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) alanine, aspargine and glutamate occurred in the greatest quantities in non-fertilized eggs, and the cysteine content was the smallest. In Macquarie perch, five out of nine EAAs (i.e. isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine and valine) and six out of eight NEAAs (i.e. alanine, asparagine, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from one developmental stage to the other. In trout cod, all the EAAs, barring lysine and all the NEAAs decreased significantly with development.     

GnRHa‐induced Multiple Spawns and Volition Spawning of Captive Spotted Rose Snapper,Lutjanus guttatus,at Mazatlan,Mexico

Sexual maturation and induced spawning treatments were carried out with captive spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus. A total of 3013 × 10⁶ eggs (64.7% were floating) were produced from eight treated females in 42 spawns induced with GnRHa implants during the course of the present study. GnRHa ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer effective doses were 204 ± 11 µg/kg in June 2005, and 224 ± 13 µg/kg in July 2005. General fertilization was 50.9 ± 34.5% and 12–14 h after spawning, viability of floating eggs was 90.4 ± 12.4%. Mean incubation period at 29–31 C was 18–20 h, and mean hatching was 94.4 ± 8.2% (73–100%). Newly hatched larvae were 2.18 ± 0.15 mm in total length (TL). One month after the last hormone experiment, previously GnRHa‐treated and untreated fish began spawning voluntarily. Hormone‐treated breeders had higher fecundity than untreated fish, producing 72.5 million eggs versus 13.9 million eggs for the untreated fish, over the following 11 mo. Combined data of volitional spawning for total egg fertilization, viability, hatching, and larval TL were 77.7 ± 1.8%, 90.3 ± 1.3%, 87.9 ± 2%, and 2.50 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. These results can ensure the sustainability of a commercial hatchery.