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1.
栉孔扇贝对海水中Pb积累排放规律研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了海水中Pb在栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律及海水中不同浓度Pb对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积量的影响。结果表明:Pb浓度为0.5mg/L时,各组织内Pb蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第9天均达吸收平衡,此时Pb蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为鳃(1356)>内脏(226.6)>肌肉(52.14);蓄积速率(mg/kg·d-1)为鳃(178.3)>内脏(37.30)>肌肉(10.48)。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中排放结果表明:随排放时间增加各组织铅蓄积量明显下降,第16天时各组织铅排出率为:鳃(96.69%)>内脏(92.09%)>肌肉(71.20)%;排出速率为(mg/kg·d-1):鳃(81.98)>内脏(10.09)>肌肉(3.001)。海水中Pb浓度对Pb蓄积量有明显影响,随着Pb浓度升高,各组织内Pb蓄积量明显上升,其中鳃的蓄积量最大,表明:双壳类软体动物的鳃具有较高的蓄积重金属的能力,并且海水中Pb浓度能提高Pb的生物有效性。  相似文献   

2.
柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定水产品中河豚毒素含量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘海新 《水产学报》2006,30(6):812-817
采用柱后衍生高效液相色谱法检测水产品中的河豚毒素含量,选用河豚Takifugu)和织纹螺(Nassarius)为主要研究对象,样品先由0.1%乙酸提取,经过C18固相萃取柱净化。以庚烷磺酸钠为离子对试剂,应用反相离子对液相色谱分离河豚毒素,采用在线柱后衍生系统,在110 ℃高温和4 mol·L-1 NaOH强碱条件下,将河豚毒素衍生化成具有荧光特性的C9碱,荧光检测器定量检测。河豚毒素在5~1 600 ng范围内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数r=0.999 7;1、2、8 μg·g-1,3个浓度水平添加样,日内和日间的回收率为80.9%~91.2%、相对标准偏差为1.93%~5.57%;方法定量限为1 μg·g-1;从添加样色谱图上看,河豚毒素目标峰附近没有干扰峰,定性准确性好。采用柱后衍生高效液相色谱法与小鼠生物法检测同一阳性河豚样,检测结果一致性好。实验结果表明,柱后衍生高效液相色谱法适用于水产品中河豚毒素的检测。  相似文献   

3.
铜在栉孔扇贝组织蓄积、分配、排放的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用暴露实验方法,研究了海水中铜离子在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律。结果表明:铜浓度为0.05 mg/L时,各组织内铜蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第13天均达吸收平衡,此时铜蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为:鳃79.65>内脏58.40>肌肉15.99;蓄积速率(mg/kg.d)为:鳃4.830>内脏4.800>肌肉1.000。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中,排放结果表明:随排放时间增加,各组织铜离子蓄积量明显下降,第17天时各组织铜排出率为:鳃97.68%>内脏96.50%>肌肉73.60%;排出速率为(mg/kg.d)为:鳃3.820>内脏3.210>肌肉0.740。海水中铜浓度对铜蓄积量有明显影响,随着铜浓度升高,各组织内铜蓄积量明显上升,其中内脏团的蓄积量最大;表明栉孔扇贝的内脏团具有较高的蓄积重金属铜的能力。  相似文献   

4.
赵峰 《水产学报》2006,30(4):444-449
对史氏鲟在盐度驯化过程中鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力、血清渗透压及血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl-)浓度进行了检测和分析,探讨了史氏鲟驯化过程中血清渗透压调节机制。研究表明:史氏鲟在不同盐度(10、20、25)下经过驯化,鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力显著高于对照组鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力(P<0.05),其活力是对照组的2~2.5倍。驯化过程中,3种不同盐度阶段下鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力首先表现为下降,随着驯化时间的延长,活力逐渐增加,最后下降并趋于平稳。血清渗透压也随盐度的增加而上升,盐度10时最高,达到(328.77±26.78) mmol·kg-1,此后逐渐下降并稳定在290 mmol·kg-1左右,略高于淡水中血清渗透压。不同盐度下,血清渗透压和鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力的变化趋势相同。3种不同盐度下史氏鲟血清K+浓度平均值保持在3.00~3.30 mmol·L-1之间,与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。3种盐度下血清Na+和Cl-浓度变化趋势基本一致,随着盐度的增高而增高,盐度20时达到最高。盐度20以下血清Na+和Cl-含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。史氏鲟血清渗透压调节可以分为3个阶段:一是应激反应阶段,主要表现为鳃Na+/K+ATP酶活力受到抑制,陡然下降;二是主动调节阶段,鳃Na+/K+ATP酶被重新激活,且活力逐渐上升;三是适应阶段,鳃Na+/K+ ATP酶趋于平稳。  相似文献   

5.
利用双箱模型模拟了虾夷扇贝在混合暴露条件下富集、释放铅和镉的动力学特征,通过测定不同规格虾夷扇贝、不同组织富集、释放过程中铅和镉的含量并进行非线性拟合,获得不同生长阶段虾夷扇贝对铅和镉的生物富集系数BCF、吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、生物学半衰期B1/2以及不同组织中铅和镉的富集参数。结果显示,大、小两种规格虾夷扇贝对铅的BCF分别为1671、896,对镉的BCF分别为7433、1123;不同规格虾夷扇贝对铅、镉的BCF顺序为:大规格小规格;相同规格虾夷扇贝BCF:镉铅,表明虾夷扇贝对镉的富集能力强于铅;铅、镉的B1/2为:大规格小规格,说明大规格的虾夷扇贝对铅、镉的代谢排出能力更强;铅在虾夷扇贝各组织中的富集顺序依次为:鳃内脏团闭壳肌,镉的富集顺序依次为:内脏团鳃闭壳肌。  相似文献   

6.
利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光仪对不同光照和温度条件下长石莼(缘管浒苔)光合作用和培养条件进行了优化。结果表明,长石莼(缘管浒苔)在25 ℃和72 μmol/(m2·s)条件下,其Fv/FmFmFv和α值最高,分别高达0.74、4 567、3 406和0.305,低于该点为光不饱和,高于该点为光抑制,偏离越大,下降越显著(P<0.01),其中在5 ℃和35 ℃时最小,分别是25 ℃最高值的32.24%~64.88%和22.99%~53.44%;光强为18 μmol/(m2·s)和216 μmol/(m2·s)时最小,其Fv/FmFmFv和α值分别是25 ℃和72 μmol/(m2·s)条件下最高值的44.94%~82.62%和51.82%~76.72%。F0变化不太明显,5~30 ℃为先上升后下降或再上升变化趋势,35 ℃为先下降后上升变化趋势。拟合参数α显示,长石莼(缘管浒苔)在达到光饱和点前通过增加光能吸收来增强光合作用,在光抑制后则迅速减少。rETRmaxDuncan检验表明,高温/低温和高光强对长石莼(缘管浒苔)光合作用影响显著(P<0.01)。总体上看,长石莼(缘管浒苔)光合作用和生长适宜条件为15~25 ℃和54~72 μmol/(m2·s),过高或过低均不适宜。且温度排序为25>20>15>30>10>5>35 ℃,光照强度排序为72>54/108>36/162>18/216 μmol/(m2·s)。  相似文献   

7.
利用双箱模型模拟了虾夷扇贝在混合暴露条件下富集、释放铅和镉的动力学特征,通过测定不同规格虾夷扇贝、不同组织富集、释放过程中铅和镉的含量并进行非线性拟合,获得不同生长阶段虾夷扇贝对铅和镉的生物富集系数BCF、吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、生物学半衰期B1/2以及不同组织中铅和镉的富集参数。结果显示,大、小两种规格虾夷扇贝对铅的BCF分别为1671、896,对镉的BCF分别为7433、1123;不同规格虾夷扇贝对铅、镉的BCF顺序为:大规格>小规格;相同规格虾夷扇贝BCF:镉>铅,表明虾夷扇贝对镉的富集能力强于铅;铅、镉的B1/2为:大规格>小规格,说明大规格的虾夷扇贝对铅、镉的代谢排出能力更强;铅在虾夷扇贝各组织中的富集顺序依次为:鳃>内脏团>闭壳肌,镉的富集顺序依次为:内脏团>鳃>闭壳肌。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨克氏原螯虾体内重金属Cd2+残留的脱除方法,采用基础饲料中添加制备的蛋白水解肽-Fe2+配合物(TPH-Fe2+)进行饲喂,检测螯虾不同组织器官中Cd2+含量变化情况。结果显示,染毒后螯虾不同器官中Cd2+富集量依次为内脏团>肠>鳃>腹部肌肉>螯足肌肉,且在0~12 d自然净化过程中,无显著性下降趋势。添加400、800和1 200 mg/kg TPH-Fe2+饲喂螯虾,内脏团、鳃、肠及腹部肌肉中Cd2+含量均有不同程度下降;饲喂12 d后,螯虾不同器官中Cd2+脱除率为肠>内脏团>鳃>腹部肌肉,脱除率分别为40.60%、36.13%、33.36%和10.15%;TPH-Fe2+对螯虾螯足肌肉中Cd2+含量无显著性影响。研究表明,蛋白水解肽-Fe2+配合物能有效脱除螯虾体内Cd2+残留,可作为一种螯虾养殖饲料添加剂在基础饲料中加以应用。  相似文献   

9.
镉诱导鲫肝细胞内Ca2+-ATP酶与金属硫蛋白的表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吴婷婷  魏华  郭敏  曹娜  李国鹏 《水产学报》2011,35(6):824-830
研究了镉诱发鲫肝细胞相关的胞内游离钙离子变化,以及Ca2+-ATP酶及金属硫蛋白表达量的变化。试验分为对照组、5、10、15、20 μmol/L CdCl2 5个组。Ca2+用Fura-2/AM方法检测,试验后24 h用荧光倒置显微镜观察细胞内游离钙离子变化;分光光度法检测Ca2+-ATP酶;石墨炉—原子分光光度法检测了细胞内镉离子浓度;免疫酶联法(ELISA)检测了金属硫蛋白(MT)含量。结果显示,镉可导致细胞存活率下降,具有一定的毒性。镉离子引起胞内Ca2+荧光强度和Ca2+-ATP酶活性增加(P<0.01)。随镉浓度升高,处理组Ca2+-ATP酶浓度活性分别是对照组的4.52、6.73、6.68、7.19、6.18倍;暴露24 h后各组细胞内镉离子均有上升,其中5 μmol/L组最高,达(2.045±0.322) μmol/L;各处理组金属硫蛋白(MT)含量增高(P<0.01),且5 μmol/L低浓度组MT增幅最大,达17.15%。结果提示,镉诱导下细胞内Ca2+升高,MT表达量上升,且MT可螯合进入细胞内的镉离子,这种螯合可能是降低镉毒理作用的机制之一。  相似文献   

10.
强壮箭虫摄食生态的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
刘青 《水产学报》2006,30(6):767-772
实验研究了强壮箭虫对几种食物的摄食选择性和几种生态因子对其摄食率的影响,以及摄食的昼夜节律。结果表明,强壮箭虫首先选食蒙古裸腹,其次哲水蚤,再其次猛水蚤,不摄食褶皱臂尾轮虫。食物密度、温度和盐度对其摄食率均有极显著的影响,其关系式分别 为(1)Y =-0.0394X2+1.5861X-4.0500(R2=0.9235),(2)Y=-0.0514X2+1.3238X+7.3833(R2=0.9510) ,(3)Y=-0.0275X2+1.3992X-6.3571(R2=0.9041)。摄食的最适食物密度为每升100个裸腹(生物量15~20 mg·L-1),摄食率为11.9 ind·d-1;摄食的最适水温为12.9 ℃,摄食率15.9 ind·d-1;摄食的最适盐度为25.4,摄食率为11.4 ind·d-1。强壮箭虫在夜间或弱光条件下,摄食较为强烈,早晨8点到12点摄食率最低,午后4点到8点达到摄食高峰。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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