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1.
广东沿海牡蛎体Pb含量水平及时空变化趋势   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
贾晓平 《水产学报》2000,24(6):527-532
为了了解广东沿海Pb含量水平的时空变化特点,l989-1997年,实施"南海贻贝观察”对广东沿海12个地点牡蛎体Pb含量进行了连续监测.广东沿海牡蛎体Pb含量范围为0.22×10-6~2.06×10-6(湿重),总平均值为0.77×10-6.牡蛎体Pb污染指数的范围和平均值分别为0.11~1.03和0.39,总体上属轻污染水平.牡蛎体Pb含量的空间分布呈粤西海区≥珠江口海区>粤东海区.广东沿海牡蛎Pb含量水平在1989-1993年间呈微弱下降趋势,1994年Pb含量明显升高,此后Pb含量基本持平.  相似文献   

2.
为了解广东沿岸牡蛎体内滴滴涕(DDTs)的残留水平和时空分布情况,于1989-1993和2003-2012年间每年3月份采集广东沿岸海域的近江牡蛎,用气相色谱法测定其DDTs的含量,同时结合1980-1985年广东省海岸带污染调查的相关数据,分析了广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs的残留量、时空分布和组成特征,并评价了其食用安全性与生物质量。结果表明:广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs检出率为96.9%,检出的样品中含量范围为0.11~76.3 ng/g,平均值是(3.87±7.40) ng/g。在时间上,广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs含量呈现明显的阶段性变化特点, 1980s-1990s初期为显著下降阶段,2003-2007年先小幅反弹后略微下降,2008-2012年总体呈归于平稳的趋势,且该时段各年份间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。空间上,1980s初期珠江口岸段牡蛎体DDTs含量远高于粤东、粤西岸段,随着时间推移,3个岸段之间含量差距逐渐缩小,1989年之后各年间3个区域DDTs平均含量在统计学上没有显著差异(P > 0.05)。DDTs的组分特征分析显示,广东沿岸海域牡蛎体内DDTs主要来源于历史使用残留,但在1989-1993年和2003-2007年时段内可能有三氯杀螨醇来源的DDTs输入。评价结果表明,就DDTs而言,广东沿岸海域所有样品均未超我国相关残留限量标准,近年来大部分站点牡蛎食用安全,生物质量状况良好。  相似文献   

3.
为评价广东沿海牡蛎体镉(Cd)含量的时空分布特征及其食用健康风险,实验根据2001-2010年广东17个海湾的牡蛎体Cd含量监测结果及1989-1999年的历史数据,分析了广东沿海总体及粤东、珠江口、粤西3大海区牡蛎体镉含量的时空分布特征;并采用风险商法评价其健康风险.1989-2010年广东沿海累计268频次的监测结果表明:牡蛎体Cd含量变化范围为未检出~10.80 mg/kg(均值1.14 mg/kg,以湿重表示,下同),检出率97.01%;其中98.64%符合中国、美国牡蛎体或贝类的Cd含量限量标准(≤4 mg/kg).珠江口海域达标率为三大海域最低(86.5%),是今后生物监测与海洋环境管理的重点.2001-2010年牡蛎体Cd含量的健康风险依次为儿童-青少年(5~17岁)>老年人(60岁以上)>成年人(18~59岁);连续食用广东沿海牡蛎10年,其Cd含量在70年内不会对人体构成Cd摄入过量的风险.  相似文献   

4.
为了解广东沿岸牡蛎体内滴滴涕(DDTs)的残留水平和时空分布情况,于1989-1993年和2003-2012年间每年3月份采集广东沿岸海域的近江牡蛎,用气相色谱法测定其DDTs的含量,同时结合1980-1985年广东省海岸带污染调查的相关数据,分析了广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs的残留量、时空分布和组成特征,并评价了其食用安全性与生物质量.结果显示,广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs检出率为96.9%,检出的样品中含量范围为0.11~76.3 ng/g,平均值是(3.87±7.40) ng/g.在时间上,广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs含量呈现明显的阶段性变化特点,20世纪80年代至90年代初期,为显著下降阶段,2003-2007年先小幅反弹后略微下降,2008-2012年总体呈归于平稳的趋势,且该时段各年份间无显著差异.空间上,20世纪80年代初期,珠江口岸段牡蛎体DDTs含量远高于粤东、粤西岸段,随着时间推移,3个岸段之间含量差距逐渐缩小,1989年之后各年间3个区域DDTs平均含量在统计学上没有显著差异.DDTs的组分特征分析显示,广东沿岸海域牡蛎体内DDTs主要来源于历史使用残留,但在1989-1993年和2003-2007年时段内可能有三氯杀螨醇来源的DDTs输入.结果表明,就DDTs而言,广东沿岸海域所有样品均未超我国相关残留限量标准,近年来大部分站点牡蛎食用安全,生物质量状况良好.  相似文献   

5.
广东沿海牡蛎体中BHC和DDT的变化趋势   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文根据1989-1993年广东沿海10个地点牡蛎体BHC和DDT的测定数据,论述了广东沿海牡蛎体BHC和DDT的变化趋势。牡蛎体BHC和DDT含量的空间分布格局,1989年以前呈珠江口海区明显高于粤东和粤西海区的特点,1989年以后三个海区间已无显著差异。牡蛎体BHC和DDT含量的时间变化趋势相似,均表现出1983—1989年和1989—1991年两个明显下降时段。1992年以后,牡蛎体中二者的含量均已降至检测限水平  相似文献   

6.
于2003-2005年的每年春季,在广东沿岸10个海湾,每个海湾采集近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)成体30只,测定其中六六六(BHCs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)的含量。结果显示,2003-2005年近江牡蛎体中DDTs平均含量是68.7ng/g(干重),为1991-1993年的5.54倍。样品中DDTs年平均含量在2003-2005年快速增加,但在1991-1993年前是缓慢减少。2003-2005年DDE/DDTs含量比为12.8%-39.1%,比12年前的45%-55%明显更低。2003-2005年牡蛎样品中BHCs平均含量是3.27ng/g(干重),仅相当于1991-1993年的16%。样品中BHCs年平均含量在2003-2005年持续降低,降速比1991-1993年缓慢。2003-2005年γ-BHC/BHCs平均含量比为19.6%,低于12年前的26%。样品中BHCs、DDTs区域平均含量由高到低依次为粤东沿岸、珠江口、粤西沿岸/粤东沿岸、粤西沿岸、珠江口,与12年前的区域分布格局相同。本研究采集的牡蛎样品中,BHCs、DDTs含量范围分别是未检出-1.21μg·kg^-1和0.11-76.3μg·kg^-1(湿重),均低于中国和欧美的最低残留限量(湿重)。  相似文献   

7.
1989~1995年广东沿海近江牡蛎体砷的测定数据和有关历史资料表明,所有牡蛎样品的砷含量在(0.31~2.51)×10-6之间,总平均值为1.30×10-6,均低于海洋生物污染评价标准值,属正常本底水平。牡蛎体砷含量的地理分布呈粤东和粤西西部高、珠江口和粤西东部低的格局。1981~1991年,牡蛎体砷的平均含量呈下降趋势,1991年以后,牡蛎体砷的平均含量虽有波动,但年际间没有明显差异。  相似文献   

8.
于1989—1993和2003—2012年间每年春季采集广东沿岸的近江牡蛎样品(Crassostrea rivularis Gould),用气相色谱法测定其中六六六(HCHs)的含量,并结合1980—1985年广东省海岸带污染调查的相关数据,分析和探讨了广东沿岸牡蛎中六六六(HCHs)的时空分布特征,并评价了其食用风险与生物质量.结果表明,广东沿岸牡蛎体内HCHs含量范围在未检出~42.4 ng/g之间,平均值为(1.70±6.13) ng/g,总体检出率为92.3%.广东沿岸海域牡蛎体内HCHs自20世纪80年代初期禁用六六六以来先快速下降,90年代以后降幅放缓并逐渐趋于平稳,30年间HCHs含量降低至20世纪80年代初期的0.06%.在空间上,80年代初期珠江口岸段HCHs含量远高于粤东和粤西岸段,随着时间的推移,粤西岸段HCHs的含量比逐渐升高,而珠江口的则逐渐降低,三者含量差距缩小.HCHs组分特征分析认为,80年代末期以来,广东沿岸海域牡蛎体内HCHs主要来源于历史使用残留,但在20世纪90年代到21世纪初期期间,广东沿岸地区牡蛎体内HCHs可能源于林丹的使用.评价结果表明,所有样品中HCHs均远低于中国相关残留限量标准,但1989年有75.0%的样品中HCHs超出中国《海洋生物质量》一类标准;通过食用牡蛎,每日HCHs摄入量在0.11~83.62 ng/(kg·d),远低于世界粮农组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的每日允许摄入量.  相似文献   

9.
根据历史和调查资料,对1989—2010年广东沿海牡蛎体内锌(Zn)的时空分布特征和污染水平进行了分析与比较。结果表明,牡蛎体内Zn的浓度总平均值为211.5 mg/kg,从总体看其浓度出现频率呈对数正态分布。在时间上,牡蛎体内Zn总体平均浓度的分布呈阶段性变化,具体表现为1989—2007年Zn的浓度呈微弱降低的趋势,基本维持在197.0 mg/kg的水平;2007—2009年牡蛎体内Zn的浓度有明显升高的趋势,之后Zn的浓度有所降低。在空间上,粤东和粤西沿海牡蛎体内Zn浓度的变化均呈先降低后增加的趋势,且基本与广东沿海牡蛎体Zn平均浓度的变化趋势相同,而珠江口牡蛎体Zn的浓度水平相对较高并表现出趋于稳定的变化规律。单因子指数和非致癌性风险指数评价结果均表明,牡蛎体内Zn的总体不存在明显的污染,但从当前保护环境角度应当尽快设立我国水产品中Zn含量的限定标准。  相似文献   

10.
根据2009-2014年在南海北部生产的183艘渔船的渔捞日志,分析了南海北部海域马面鲀渔获率随作业方式、年际分布与季节分布间的变化特征。分析结果表明,渔获马面鲀主要作业类型为双拖、单拖、桁杆拖虾、围网、定置张网和刺网6种,其中单拖、双拖网作业渔获率较高;2009-2014年,南海北部马面鲀渔获率低于南海南部,整体渔获率呈逐年递减趋势,仅2011年渔获率突增,2014年马面鲀渔获率降为最低。马面鲀常年主要分布于珠江口、粤西、海南岛沿岸及北部湾海域,粤东海域偶有分布。海南岛沿岸、粤西及珠江口海域渔获率密度较大,北部湾和粤东海域渔获率密度相对较小。各区域渔获率季节变化明显,渔获率最大值常在夏季出现,春、秋季次之,冬季最小。引起渔获率差异的主要原因为自然条件与捕捞压力。本文通过对马面鲀渔获率变化及原因分析,为南海北部马面鲀合理捕捞提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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