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1.
从养殖池、水族箱和健康鲤肠道等分离20株细菌,通过耐热和体外拮抗试验筛选出5株细菌,经生化试验和细菌:16SrDNA测序鉴定为2株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、2株肠球菌(Enterococci)和1株柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter).进一步采用体外固定鲤前肠黏液蛋白,结合同位素32P标记细菌并示踪的方法,研究来源于鲤肠道的肠球菌和柠檬酸杆菌以及鲤养殖水体中的芽孢杆菌对鲤前肠黏液的体外黏附活性,建立筛选鲤(Cyprinus carpio)益生菌的方法.结果表明,5株细菌均能黏附到黏液体外模型,肠球菌的相对黏附率极显著高于芽孢杆菌与柠檬酸杆菌(P<0.01),柠檬酸杆菌与芽孢杆菌的相对黏附率差异不显著(P>0.05),而肠球菌L2的相对黏附率极显著高于肠球菌E2(P<0.01).研究证明,鱼源的肠球菌对鲤前肠黏液的黏附率高于异源的芽孢杆菌,而且不同种属的肠球菌在黏附能力上也存在差异.  相似文献   

2.
从养殖池、水族箱和健康鲤肠道等分离20株细菌,通过耐热和体外拮抗试验筛选出5株细菌,经生化试验和细菌16S rDNA测序鉴定为2株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、2株肠球菌(Enterococci)和1株柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter)。进一步采用体外固定鲤前肠黏液蛋白,结合同位素^32P标记细菌并示踪的方法,研究来源于鲤肠道的肠球菌和柠檬酸杆菌以及鲤养殖水体中的芽孢杆菌对鲤前肠黏液的体外黏附活性,建立筛选鲤(Cyprinus carpio)益生菌的方法。结果表明,5株细菌均能黏附到黏液体外模型,肠球菌的相对黏附率极显著高于芽孢杆菌与柠檬酸杆菌(P〈0.01),柠檬酸杆菌与芽孢杆菌的相对黏附率差异不显著(P〉0.05),而肠球菌L2的相对黏附率极显著高于肠球菌E2(P〈0.01)。研究证明,鱼源的肠球菌对鲤前肠黏液的黏附率高于异源的芽孢杆菌,而且不同种属的肠球菌在黏附能力上也存在差异。  相似文献   

3.
李正  李健  刘淇  王群 《水产学报》2008,32(6):939-944
为获得对大菱鲆肠道具有较强黏附能力的益生菌株,了解其黏附机制,采用体外黏液黏附模型及Western-blot技术,对黏红酵母等4株益生菌的大菱鲆肠黏液黏附性能及黏红酵母表面粘附蛋白和肠黏液受体进行了初步研究.结果表明,4株益生菌均可黏附于大菱鲆肠黏液;但各菌株的黏附能力存在较大差异,其中黏红酵母黏附能力最强,鼠李糖乳杆菌次之,假丝酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌相对较低.黏红酵母表面蛋白预先与肠黏液孵育2h后,显著抑制了黏红酵母与肠黏液的结合,其黏附百分率下降了83.6%;但上述处理对其他3株益生菌的黏附没有明显影响.Western-blot显示黏红酵母表面蛋白中分子量为38.5ku和28.6ku的两个蛋白参与对肠黏液的黏附过程,大菱鲆肠黏液中分子量为27.3ku和22.3ku两个蛋白可与黏红酵母表面蛋白特异性结合.糖原染色显示上述4个蛋白均为糖蛋白.  相似文献   

4.
苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫效果研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答的影响.将苏云金芽孢杆菌按1.0×10~(11)、3.0×10~(11)、5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg 3个浓度添加在鱼用全价颗粒饲料中,投喂经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗免疫组(A_0~A_3)和未免疫组(B_0~B_3)黄河鲤,分别于0、15、30、40 d时检测各组黄河鲤白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性以及血清凝集抗体效价,并进行攻毒试验.结果表明:添加苏云金芽孢杆菌可使黄河鲤血液中白细胞吞噬活性和血清溶菌酶活性显著提高.添加组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),添加浓度越高,血液白细胞活性和溶菌酶活性越强.免疫组与未免疫组白细胞吞噬活性差异不显著(P>0.05),而溶菌酶活性差异显著(P<0.05).在停止投喂后10 d,白细胞活性、血清溶菌酶活性逐渐下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05).添加苏云金芽孢杆菌还可提高黄河鲤的凝集抗体效价及攻毒后的存活率,其中,当菌株添加浓度为5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg时,受免疫的黄河鲤免疫保护率最高.即投喂苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答有明显促进作用.  相似文献   

5.
山姜对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌活性试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究中草药山姜粗提液对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌效果,特采用试管二倍稀释法和管碟法检测不同浓度的山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液在体外对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌直径,并以肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、4μg/mL硫酸庆大霉素作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果表明,山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对两株益生芽孢杆菌和ETEC无抑菌作用,硫酸庆大霉素对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株MIC均为1.25μg/mL,对ETEC的最低抑菌浓度MIC为0.625μg/mL。山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对受试菌株抑菌直径与生理盐水相比差异不显著(P>0.05),硫酸庆大霉素与其相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。山姜粗提液对两株益生芽孢杆菌无明显抑菌作用。  相似文献   

6.
采用平板法测定标注为地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌制剂的活菌密度,通过16S rRNA基因测序分析对其进行菌种鉴定。在盛水250 L的玻璃钢桶中投放凡纳滨对虾无特定病原的无节3期幼体5×10~4尾,各组由溞状Ⅰ初期至仔虾Ⅰ期,连续10 d,每日分别投菌制剂1次,地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组每次投菌5×10~8 cfu/L,粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组每次投菌1×10~8 cfu/L,同时投放饵料,对照组始终不投菌制剂,定期测定水质并分析仔虾存活情况。试验结果显示,4种制剂均由密度高的单一菌种构成;地衣芽孢杆菌组水体氨氮、无机磷和化学需氧量均显著高于对照组,而在育苗早期粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组亚硝态氮含量显著降低(P0.05);除地衣芽孢杆菌组仔虾Ⅲ期存活率显著低于枯草芽孢杆菌组外,各组存活率间差异不显著(P0.05),但枯草芽孢杆菌组仔虾存活率和活力均表现最佳,而地衣芽孢杆菌组表现最差。可见,无明显胁迫条件下,连续投放微生物制剂对凡纳滨对虾育苗水质及仔虾存活率总体上无显著提高作用,但两种芽孢杆菌制剂的作用效果存在明显差异。  相似文献   

7.
中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素的生物学特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
将中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血清凝集素与动物(鳖、鲫鱼、鸡、鸽、兔、鼠、人A、B、O型)红细胞和细菌(八叠球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、短小芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、假单胞菌和拟态弧菌)进行凝集反应。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素有明显的选择性,与小白鼠红细胞和八叠球菌的凝集活性最高(P<0.01)。血清凝集价在蟹个体之间变化范围较大,性别之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。10 mmol/L的CaCl2和300 mmol/L的NaCl不影响凝集素与小鼠红细胞和细菌的凝集活性,600 mmol/L的NaCl可降低其活性。pH 5~9不影响蟹凝集素活性,但400 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 7.0可部分抑制其活性,100 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 5.0则可完全抑制其活性。在细菌刺激下,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素活性在2 d达到峰值,随后逐步缓慢下降。接种细菌(八叠球菌)的数量(3.0×109~9.0×109)显著影响血清凝集素的产生(P<0.05),而环境水温度(18~30℃)和蟹体质量(35~80 g)的影响则不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
正乳酸菌指发酵糖类主要产物为乳酸的一类无芽孢、革兰氏染色阳性细菌的总称,广泛存在于畜、禽肠道中。粪肠球菌是一种兼性厌氧的乳酸菌,是人和动物肠道内主要菌群之一,能产生天然抗生素,有利于机体健康。同时还能产生细菌素等抑菌物质,抑制大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等病原菌的生长,改善肠道微环境。"益生康"是以粪肠球菌为主、辅以芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、反硝化细菌等有益微生物菌群发酵而成,在发酵时辅以生物多糖、蛋白质、氨基  相似文献   

9.
患暴发性败血症中华鳖体内细菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从患暴发性出血性败血症中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)的肠、心、肝、胃等组织和腹腔液中分离培养得到8株细菌.通过光镜与电镜观察和16S rDNA序列测定、比对,对所分离细菌进行鉴定.结果表明,它们分别为格氏乳球菌(Lactococcus garvieae)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)、海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)、人苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum anthropi)、惰性嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus segnis)、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)和迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardssiella tarda).用含抗生素的20种药敏纸片对格氏乳球菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌进行药敏试验发现,格氏乳球菌对青霉素等4种药物敏感,对头孢唑啉等6种药物中度敏感,对阿米卡星等10种药物有耐药性.弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对头孢唑啉等13种药物敏感,对青霉素等3种药物中度敏感,对万古霉素等4种药物有耐药性.迟钝爱德华氏菌对新霉素等3种药物敏感,对阿米卡星等5种药物中度敏感,对青霉素等12种药物有耐药性.本研究旨在为中华鳖败血症的防治技术提供科学支撑.  相似文献   

10.
软包装即食醉鱼制品细菌学品质安全分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
对上海市场常见品牌的软包装即食醉鱼制品感官、理化、细菌学品质状况进行定性和定量研究,并对潜在病原菌安全性进行评价。结果表明,产品水分含量、水分活度、pH和盐分含量分别为43.50%~56.97%,0.93~0.97,6.07~6.73,2.41%~6.63%,差别较大;细菌菌落总数、耐热菌落总数分别是1.8×102~4.2×105cfu/g,38~3 800 cfu/g;厌氧菌落总数和金黄色葡萄球菌均低于10 cfu/g。由细菌总数计数平板分离256株细菌,鉴定残存主要细菌菌群为芽孢杆菌(34.0%)、葡萄球菌(27.3%)、玫瑰小球菌(14.0%),并出现少量的棒状杆菌(5.5%),表明热杀菌强度不足。产品中残存有一定数量的蜡样芽孢杆菌,对其潜在危害有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

11.
Flavobacterium columnare (Flexibacter columnaris) is an important cause of gill and skin disease in freshwater fish species, often causing high mortality. In previous studies, virulence of F. columnare was correlated with the ability to adhere to the gill tissue. To gain insight into the factors responsible for adherence, a gill perfusion model was used. The bacterial cells of the high virulence strain AJS 1 were exposed to various treatments, after which they were added to the organ bath of an isolated gill arch and adherence to the gill tissue assessed. Adherence capabilities were significantly reduced following treatment of the bacteria with sodium metaperiodate or incubating them with d-glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactose and d-sucrose. Incubation of the bacteria with trypsin and pronase did not significantly inhibit adherence. The binding sites for F. columnare on the gill tissue were also partially characterised. Treatment of the gill with sodium metaperiodate reduced adhesion, but treatment with pronase or trypsin did not cause any significant reduction, indicating that the major component of the receptor is of carbohydrate nature. Adherence ability of the bacteria correlated well with their haemagglutination capacity using chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes. Higher haemagglutination titres were obtained with the highly virulent strain AJS 1 than with strain AJS 4, a strain with low virulence and adherence capacity. Haemagglutination was partially inhibited after incubation of the bacteria with d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and after treatment of the bacteria at 41_°C for 10_min (minor heat treatment). It was completely abolished following incubation of the bacterial cells with sodium metaperiodate and intensive heat treatment (65_°C, 25_min). Haemagglutination was also in-sensitive to pronase and trypsin treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the high virulence strain had a thick capsule (120–130_nm) with a regular, dense appearance, whereas the capsule of the low virulence strain was much thinner (80–90_nm) and less dense. TEM also demonstrated the loss of the capsule of the high virulence strain after treatment of the bacterial cells with minor heat and sodium metaperiodate. These results indicate that a lectin-like carbohydrate-binding substance incorporated in the capsule is responsible for the attachment of F. columnare to the gill tissue.  相似文献   

12.
The bacteria from an 800-l carp rearing tank were isolated on five different media during a 45-day experimental period. Total viable counts and the variety of groups of bacteria detected in the water increased after the carp were stocked. The Vibrio-Aeromonas group and Bacteroides type A, which were major components in the intestinal tracts of carp, increased after fish were introduced, and decreased after fish were removed.  相似文献   

13.
用完全随机区组设计的方法在三个池塘中进行了源于长江的鲢,草鱼原种与封闭人繁群体子三代1龄鱼种阶段的生长比较试验。结果表明;原种鲢,草鱼的体长绝对增长高出封闭人繁子三代群体17-21%,相对增长快13-18%;体重绝对增重高出25-26%,相对增重快15-20%。但这些差异均未达数理统计上差异显著的标准。  相似文献   

14.
In this study, different traits that have been associated with bacterial virulence were studied in Yersinia ruckeri. Two isolates that had been shown to cause disease and mortality in experimentally infected rainbow trout were compared with five avirulent isolates. Both virulent isolates showed high adhesion to gill and intestinal mucus of rainbow trout, whereas the majority of non‐virulent strains demonstrated significantly lower adhesion. A decrease in adherence capability following bacterial treatment with sodium metaperiodate and proteolytic enzymes suggested the involvement of carbohydrates and proteins. All strains were able to adhere to and invade chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE‐214), fathead minnow epithelial cell line (FHM) and rainbow trout liver cell line (R1). One non‐virulent strain was highly adhesive and invasive in the three cell lines, whereas the virulent strains showed moderate adhesive and invasive capacity. The internalization of several isolates was inhibited by colchicine and cytochalasin‐D, suggesting that microtubules and microfilaments play a role. For all strains, intracellular survival assays showed a decrease of viable bacteria in the cells 6 h after inoculation, suggesting that Y. ruckeri is not able to multiply or survive inside cultured cells. Analysis of the susceptibility to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum demonstrated that virulent Y. ruckeri strains were serum resistant, whereas non‐virulent strains were generally serum sensitive.  相似文献   

15.
我国主要淡水养殖鱼类精浆的元素组成   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文测定了草、鲢、鳙、鲤、因头鲂等鱼类精浆中钠、钾、钙、镁、铜、铁和锌的含量,并简要阐述了各元素的生理作用。  相似文献   

16.
Feral carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were collected at bimonthly intervals for 12 months from Lake Wellington, where there was no evidence of significant growth of Microcystis aeruginosa . Various blood parameters of these carp were measured to ascertain the normal range values for feral carp in this region. A similar study was conducted at Lake Mokoan, where M. aeruginosa formed a visible scum that contained detectable levels of microcystins for 4 consecutive months. Carp were taken from Lake Mokoan each month, and the histology and blood biochemistry of the fish were examined for indications of microcystin toxicity. During February, March and April, 66% of the carp from Lake Mokoan had livers with widespread hepatocyte atrophy, and 37% of the fish had gills with pinpoint necrosis, epithelial ballooning, folded lamellar tips and exfoliation of the lamellar epithelium. Compared to carp from Lake Wellington, the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and the serum bilirubin concentrations of carp from Lake Mokoan were elevated during January, February, March and April. The data were consistent with impaired hepatocyte function in some carp from Lake Mokoan. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations in carp from Lake Mokoan were lower than those for carp at Lake Wellington from December to April, indicating that most carp from Lake Mokoan had difficulty maintaining cation-anion homeostasis during this period. Nevertheless, carp at Lake Mokoan always appeared healthy, and no mortalities were reported.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum 120, Lactobacillus plantarum 145, and Pediococcus pentosaceus 220, which exhibit optimal properties among those isolated from the traditional fermented fish products, were selected as the starter cultures for the preparation of fermented whole carp. During the fermentation, samples inoculated with different single starter cultures showed rapid growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), decline in pH, suppression in the growth of main microflora, as well as increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N). Quantities of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and free amino acids (FAA) were higher in whole carp with starter cultures compared to those in the control. Severe hydrolysis of protein was observed utilizing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis during fermentation. Moreover, sensory evaluation indicated the higher acceptability of fermented products. The results show that inoculation with the autochthonous starter cultures reduced fermentation time and improved the quality of samples. Therefore, isolates of the strains could be used as potential starters for the fermentation of whole carp.  相似文献   

18.
为建立并优化草鱼鳃蛋白质组双向电泳的技术体系,实验将草鱼鳃经裂解处理后,通过固相p H梯度胶条进行一向等电聚焦和SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳进行蛋白分离,对不同的裂解液配方、蛋白纯化方法、IPG胶条的分离范围、上样量和染色方法等进行了探索和优化,并应用lmage Master 2D Platinum 7.0软件对电泳图谱进行了分析。结果表明:采用裂解液中添加DTT来取代Tris和TBP、选择分离范围为pH4-7的IPG胶条和150μg的主动水化上样,电泳结束后对凝胶进行硝酸银染色,获得了覆盖范围广、低背景、高分辨率、适合差异蛋白分析的双向电泳参考图谱。  相似文献   

19.
鲤、鲢、鳙精子低温短期保存研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文对鲤(Cygrinus carpio)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)精液在2—4℃的短期保存进行了实验研究。筛选出了几种较为理想的稀释保护液配方;确定了精液与稀释液的适宜稀释比例为1:1;研究了抗冻剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)对低温保存条件下精于活力的影响,确定了DMSO的适宜添加浓度为6%左右。鲤精在2—4℃保存10天,活力仍高达70%,少数精子存活时间长达12天;鲢和鳙精子在2—4℃保存7天后活力仍高达60%,达到了生产应用的水平。为水产养殖和鱼类育种研究提供了一种简便易行的精液短期保存技术。  相似文献   

20.
Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
Isolationand enumeration of aerobic bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract of nineculturable freshwater teleosts, namely catla, rohu, mrigal, silver carp, grasscarp, common carp, tilapia, walking catfish and murrel have been carried out.Amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic microflora were identifiedfrom the culture plate using selective media. The isolates were qualitativelyscreened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme producing ability. Theselected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase, cellulase,lipase and protease activities. Protease activity was exhibited by almost allthe bacterial isolates, while strains isolated from tilapia, grass carp andcommon carp showed considerable amylolytic and cellulolytic activities. Maximumactivity of lipase was exhibited by a strain isolated from silver carp. Thestudy indicates that there is a distinct microbial source of the digestiveenzymes – amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease, apart from endogenoussources in fish gut. The information generated from the present investigationmight contribute towards better feed formulations for carp at low cost,incorporating the enzyme producing bacterial isolates as probiotics.  相似文献   

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