长江口纹缟虾虎鱼精子、卵子及受精过程扫描电镜观察

采用电镜对长江口纹缟虾虎鱼成熟精子、卵子及受精早期精子入卵过程进行了观察。结果显示:纹缟虾虎鱼成熟精子由头部和尾部两部分组成。头部呈圆形或近圆形,无顶体,细胞核长径为1.15±0.28μm,短径为0.97±0.22μm,尾部鞭毛长为8.17±1.12μm。核膜外具有双层质膜,质膜表面不平整,在核膜和双层质膜中间有较大空隙存在。中心粒复合体位于植入窝内。袖套两侧分布有2～3个较大的线粒体。鞭毛为典型的"9+2"结构,有侧鳍。成熟卵呈圆形,卵膜表面多沟和嵴,具单一受精孔,孔洞区外径约5μm,孔内壁呈螺旋嵴。在卵的植物极有一盘状突起,突起的中间为圆形,周边有呈网状结构的粘丝与卵壳膜连接。纹缟虾虎鱼精子入卵速度较快,受精过程较短,受精后10～18 s完成精子入卵过程。     

快速鲨鱼盾鳞的扫描电镜表征研究

快速鲨鱼体表覆盖着一层独特的盾鳞。本研究采用扫描电镜技术．重点研究了平双髻鲨和短鳍灰鲭鲨这两种典型的快速鲨鱼体表不同部位的盾鳞的肋条表面形态．并深入分析了快速鲨鱼盾鳞形态的区域差异性。     

Probiotic bacteria may prevent haemorrhagic septicaemia by maturing intestinal host defences in Brazilian native surubins

The farming of hybrid surubins in Brazil has been affected by bacterial diseases. To avoid this problem, the development of prophylactics such as probiotics has proved to be a promising tool against bacterial outbreaks. This study evaluated the dietary supplementation with lactic acid bacterium Weissella cibaria and its probiotic action in the intestinal tract focusing the hemato‐immunological parameters, histology and electron microscopy. A total of 96 fish were maintained in a recirculation system and divided into 12 tanks, two treatments (supplemented and unsupplemented fish) and six replicates. Fish were fed supplemented commercial diet with W. cibaria for a period of 45 days, and the unsupplemented fish were with commercial feed without probiotic. The numbers of red blood cells, thrombocytes and lymphocytes were higher in supplemented fish after 45 days (P < 0.05). The percentage of phagocytosis, the agglutination titre and the total immunoglobulin concentration were higher in fish fed probiotic. Fish fed supplemented diet presented increased length and width of the intestinal villi, the number of goblet cells and villi's perimeter. The probiotic W. cibaria was capable of colonizing and benefitting the surubins' gastrointestinal tracts, improving intestinal health and the hemato‐immunological parameters of fish.     

黄颡鱼精子入卵的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)成熟卵和精子的形态、卵子对精子的应答反应、受精孔的数量与形态、受精方式与过程。结果显示:黄颡鱼精子为鞭毛型,头部近圆球形,无顶体,单尾;卵为圆球形,卵膜表面多嵴,且有15～16条宽度不同的小沟;卵表面仅有1个受精孔,精孔管口内径约2.8μm。黄颡鱼为单精受精,受精后30 s内完成精子入卵过程。     

银鲳精子的超微结构

运用扫描与透射电镜对银鲳精子的超微结构进行了观察。银鲳精子由头部、中段和尾部(鞭毛)3部分组成。精子全长约39.51±1.64μm,头部长约1.98±0.30μm,表面粗糙。头部的主要结构包括细胞核和中心粒复合体。细胞核位于头部腹侧,卵圆形。细胞核中染色质致密,存在着不规则的网络状间隙。近端中心粒为9组三联微管结构,与远端中心粒相互垂直。中段的主要结构为袖套和线粒体。袖套与细胞核后端相连,含有4~5个线粒体及少量囊泡。尾部细长,长约37.52±1.68μm,至末端逐渐变细。尾部的主要结构为轴丝,为典型的"9+2"微管结构。尾部具有波纹状侧鳍,排列不对称。     

三角帆蚌消化系统扫描电镜观察

三角帆蚌消化系统扫描电镜观察欧阳珊，吴小平，邓宗觉，刘月英（南昌大学，３３００４７）（中科院动物研究所，北京１０００８０）关键词三角帆蚌，消化系统，扫描电镜ＳＥＭＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＤＩＧＥＳＴＩＶＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＦＨＹＲＩＯＰＳＩＳＣＵ...     

Microbial community diversity associated with the intestinal mucosa of farmed rainbow trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss Walbaum)

Bacterial communities from the intestinal tract of rainbow trout were investigated to assess transient and resident microbial communities using both culture-based and culture-independent techniques. Viable counts attached to the intestinal mucosa were in the range of log 4.77–5.38 and log 6.67–6.79 CFU g⁻¹ in the intestinal contents. Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae constituted nearly 80% of the allochthonous population but <60% of the autochthonous populations. This coincided with an elevated mucosal level of a group of Gram-positive rods from ∼2% in the digesta to 25–35% on the mucosa. This group was identified by 16S rRNA as Arthrobacter aurescens and Janibacter spp. HTCC2649. Analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis banding patterns showed complex communities in all intestinal regions. Similarity coefficients showed that mucosal communities were ∼70% similar to digesta communities and yet due to the presence of bands found uniquely either in the digesta or on the mucosa, the communities are distinctly different. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed mucosal bacterial populations and highlighted a possible localized colonization between mucosal folds. The study highlights the complexity of resident microbial communities that have not been fully explored in previous rainbow trout studies; this is especially true with probiotic/prebiotic investigations.     

Morphopathological features of a severe ulcerative disease outbreak associated with Tenacibaculum maritimum in cultivated sole, Solea senegalensis (L.)

This study describes morphopathologic changes in naturally infected farmed Senegalese sole affected by tenacibaculosis caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum. Macroscopic observation, in addition to light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, was used to study the lesions. Main lesions were characterized by complete loss of epidermis and dermis, as well as extensive necrosis of muscle layers. Mild-to-moderate inflammatory response with the presence of macrophages was noted around hyaline degenerated muscle cells. Gram-negative filamentous bacteria could be detected only at the dermis. Under scanning electron microscopy, filamentous bacteria located over the scales without epithelium could be observed. These findings together with the isolation and PCR detection of the bacteria in kidney and skin tissues suggest that once the bacteria reach the dermis, probably through eroded epidermis, they are able to proliferate and produce enzymes that are responsible for the damage in the underlying tissues.     

Alterations in the epidermis of the carp,Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes), infected by the bacteria,Aeromonas hydrophila: A scanning electron microscopic,histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation

This study was carried out to comprehend the pathogenicity of the bacteria in the epidermis of Labeo rohita inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Alterations in the histopathology of the epidermis were examined using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and the localization of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells by means of immunohistochemical methods. Skin samples obtained from infected fish at different intervals 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days showed significant changes in the cellular components of the epidermis. Epithelial cells often appeared hypertrophied with fragmented and loosely arranged microridges, and in the process of exfoliation. Mucous goblet cells increased significantly in density. Club cells showed degenerative changes, often with simultaneous confluence of adjacent cells and release of their contents. Increase in density of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells indicates inflammatory response and apoptosis. This study could provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of the disease, and disease outbreaks in farmed fish. Further, it could provide useful guidelines for fish farmers to take preventive measures for the control of the disease.     

琼枝多糖凝胶的结构和性质

本文研究琼枝多糖凝胶的结构和性质。大多数碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和含二个氨基以上的化合物能够改良这种带负电荷的多糖凝胶的性能。从扫描电子显微镜研究各种凝胶的结果看出,琼枝多糖象绞合的纤维束同方向地聚集;琼枝多糖-KCl凝胶象疏松绞合着的纤维束同方向聚集;琼枝多糖-乙二胺凝胶象多锁链同方向聚集;琼枝多糖-明胶凝胶却象海绵一样网状聚集。根据试验结果,作者对琼枝多糖形成凝胶的机理进行了推断。