Status quo and prospects of fishing technology of ocean fishery of China

报道了我国大洋渔业技术现状，评述了技术水平、发展趋势，分析渔业技术存在的问题，提出了大洋渔业可持续发展应当进行的研究课题及建议。     

Administration of krill oil extends lifespan of fish Nothobranchius guentheri via enhancement of antioxidant system and suppression of NF-κB pathway

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Krill oil (KO) extracted from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) mainly comprises phospholipids and triglycerides. KO has been shown to prolong the median...     

Comparative Studies on the Stability of Various Forms of vitamin C

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＶＡＲＩＯＵＳＦＯＲＭＳＯＦＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＣＬｅｉＱｉｎｇｘｉｎ，ＬｉＡｉｊｉｅ，ＸｕＷｅｉ，ＲｅｎＺｅｌｉｎ（ＯｃｅａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆ　Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，２６６００３）ＣＯ...     

An evaluation of the duration of efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Caligus curtus Müller infestations in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L

The duration of efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Caligus curtus infestations in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., was studied following an administration of 50 μg kg^?1 for seven consecutive days. No lice were found on medicated fish when challenged 1 week (challenge 1) or 5 weeks (challenge 2) following termination of medication, whereas the mean abundance of lice among the unmedicated fish was 17.9 and 19.3 lice per fish in challenge 1 and 2, respectively. Muscle concentrations of 19.5 ± 8.2 ng g^?1 and 3.4 ± 0.9 ng g^?1, respectively, and skin concentrations of 23.1 ± 10.8 and 4.2 ± 1.0 ng g^?1, respectively, were found 27 and 55 days following the termination of medication. Tissue concentrations and the duration of efficacy indicate a dosing regime for emamectin in cod, similar to the regime used for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.     

What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?

相似文献   

Long-term effects of intraperitoneal injection of estradiol-17β on the growth and physiology of juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus

Juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus were intraperitoneally injected with estradiol-17β (E₂; 0 and 5 mg/kg fish) to investigate the possibility of sex reversal and also determine the changes in biochemical parameters. Five-month-old fish (40.9 ± 1.1 g) were injected every 3-week interval during a 190-day trial. At the termination of the experiment, final weight and other growth parameters including weight gain and specific growth rate, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were not affected by repetitive injection of E₂. Hematological features of E₂-treated fish showed significant reductions in number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in number of white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P > 0.05). Calcium, phosphorus, glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, total protein and estradiol concentrations were significantly increased in fish injected with E₂ (P < 0.001). Plasma progesterone and testosterone levels were noticeably lower in fish injected with 5 mg/kg E₂ rather than the control fish (P < 0.001). Histological observations of gonads showed that all fish injected with 5 mg/kg E₂ apparently feminized, while 66.6 % of the control group was female. These results revealed that the injection of E₂ is an effective method for feminization of stellate sturgeon without having significant inhibitory effects on growth and survival.     

Does the Intensity of Anisakis Infection Affect the Quality of Hake Muscle?

The distribution of Anisakis larvae in fresh caught hake was studied, and the influence of three infection levels of the viscera (low, medium, high) on quality changes of deep frozen muscle was followed over 220 days. Differences in quality were attributed more to the size of the individuals than to the infection degree of the three groups. The removal of belly flaps diminished the risk of consumers’ infection and sensitization as prevalence and intensity was reduced to 75.6 and 5.9%, respectively. Allergens were detected after 220 days frozen storage, which represents a risk for consumers already allergic to Anisakis.     

Mass balance of fishponds: are they sources or sinks of phosphorus?

Fishponds exhibit high natural retention potential for phosphorus, which enters the ponds from non-point, diffuse and point sources, as well as from aquaculture management. Results of phosphorus mass balance monitoring of nine large fishponds (60–449 ha) over 2010–2014 revealed total phosphorus retention ranging between ?66 % (sink) and +52 % (release) of the P loads from inflows, i.e. specific P retention varied between ?7.83 g m^?2 (sink) and 1.00 g m^?2 (release) of surface area, per one fish production cycle. Retention of P was eliminated by application of fertilizers (with simultaneous fish feed application) during fish production process and/or by massive P release from fishpond sediments after previous heavy loads. P retention could be increased by preference of surface water outflow instead of bottom discharge and/or also by minimizing of emissions of suspended sediment particles during a fish harvesting. The real role of fishponds in transport processes of P throughout a watershed could be eruditely assessed only by following newly proposed method called “new approach” when P input (via inflows) and P output (via outflows) are compared with natural fishpond ability to retain P, which is determined by a simple model proposed by Hejzlar et al. (2006). For evaluation of effect of actual fishery management, the “culture-balance” method is suitable too. If the P inputs (stocked fish, fertilizing, feeding) and outputs (harvested fish) derived from fishery practice were in balance, the P retention did not decline. However, in condition of inputs > outputs, the P retention appreciably ceased or was totally eliminated. It was concluded that fishponds could serve as an important sink of P transported throughout a watershed even under semi-intensive fish (common carp) production condition.     

Determination of genome size of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis (Haliotidae) and phylogenetic examination of this family

Genome size (C value) is an important index for phylogenetic studies. Haliotidae (abalones) includes many species widely distributed throughout the world??s oceans, which makes this family interesting for phylogenetic studies. To examine Haliotidae phylogeny, we determined the C value and adenine and thymine base pair content (AT?%) of Haliotis discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis by using flow cytometry. The C values of H.?discus hannai and H.?diversicolor aquatilis were 1.84 and 1.45?pg, with AT?% of 62.3 and 66.3?%, respectively. These data represent the first report of abalones classified as Pacific Northwest (H.?discus hannai) and Indo-Pacific (H.?diversicolor aquatilis) groups, and provides new validation for previous theories related to Haliotidae phylogeny.     

The cooperation between the Chinese Bureau of Fisheries and the Norwegian Directorate of fisheries

Activities1994In 1994 Peter Gullestad(Present Director General of Fisheries in Bergen) headed a Norwegian delegationvisiting China.In his presentation of“The N orwegian exp erience in fisheries management and control” - hestressed the fact that overcapacity is“the root of all evil”.He also underlined that it is important not only toset up a legal system for fisheries management but also to establish reliable catch statistics.He further morepointed out that good scientific advice is th…     

Optimization of a spawning‑induction protocol for the prediction of natural coral spawning

Fisheries Science - Many scleractinian corals only spawn once a year, so opportunities for collecting their gametes are limited. Consequently, the induction of spawning in coral would be useful,...     

Investigation of the Protective Effect of β-carotene in the Prevention of Lipid and Protein Oxidation in Carp Meat during Different Storage Times

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-carotene supplement for 42 days on lipid and protein oxidation biomarkers in carp meat at different times of storage. Seventy-five fish were divided into three groups: group 1 as control group was fed with basic diet; groups 2 and 3 received 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 diet β-carotene, respectively. Based on the present study results, muscle malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly lower following β-carotene consumption at 0, 24, 72, and 96 h after harvest in group 3 compared to the control group (p < 0/05). Muscle protein carbonyl contents showed a significant decrease following β-carotene supplementation at 0, 48, and 96 h after harvest in group 3 compared to the control group. Ferric reducing antioxidant power values were significantly increased following β-carotene supplementation at 72 and 96 h after harvest in group 3 compared to the control group. The results indicated that β-carotene supplementation with a dose of 100 mg kg^?1 diet is largely effective to improve the oxidative status of carp meat by reducing lipid and protein oxidation.     

An assessment of alternative strategies for the integration of pond aquaculture into the small‐scale farming system of North‐east Thailand

Abstract

This paper uses a linear programming model to examine the economic viability of four fish production strategies in the context of rainfed farming systems in the north‐eastern region of Thailand. The four systems are rice bran feeding system, pond fertilization using buffalo manure, fish production recommendations developed by the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Recommendations and an integrated duck/fish production system. These systems have been introduced into North‐eastern Thailand where the main obstacles to fish production are the lack of indigenous knowledge offish culture and a shortage of water. While technical feasibility studies are needed to evaluate the practical viability of aquaculture technologies, economic assessment is required to assess their commercial viability. The objective of this paper is to examine whether or not these fish production systems can contribute to, and integrate with, the prevailing farm system in the North‐east of Thailand. The linear programming model is used to determine the optimum on farm product mix that maximizes net returns under each of the four production systems. Among different resources, labour requirement in the fish‐stocking month appeared to be the first binding resource, while capital requirement was not a constraint for an average farming household of the region. A sensitivity analysis is presented to show how each of the fish production systems operates with different levels of pond size, labour and capital availability. The results of the study show that these aquaculture systems are economically attractive and can contribute significantly to the livelihood of the small‐scale farmers of North‐east Thailand.     

Is the decline of birds and amphibians in a steppe lake of northern Patagonia a consequence of limnological changes following fish introduction?

• 1. Laguna Blanca, in Laguna Blanca National Park, is a lake in Patagonia which has been designated as a Ramsar site since 1971 because of bird diversity and abundance and importance for nesting, particularly for the black neck swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus. It is also valued for its populations of endemic amphibians, Atelognathus patagonicus and Atelognathus praebasalticus.
• 2. Avian and amphibian populations have decreased dramatically in recent years. Percichthys colhuapiensis, Percichthys trucha (Pisces, Percichthyidae), Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces, Salmonidae) were introduced into Laguna Blanca in 1965. Since 1986, no Atelognathus frogs have been found. The abundance of swans and coots, which are strongly associated with macrophytes for nesting and feeding, has diminished drastically, whereas piscivorous birds have increased.
• 3. The fishless condition of some neighbouring small lakes with abundant pond weeds, aquatic birds and endemic amphibians, was assessed in order to compare the physical and chemical characteristics and the quantitative composition of the benthos among lakes. Fish presence at Laguna Blanca and its absence at El Burro, Antiñir and Jabón lakes, were confirmed. Compared with previous results, it seems that the abundance of Amphipoda (Hyalella), Copepoda and Cladocera at Laguna Blanca has decreased, while Acari has increased and Notostraca has disappeared. Water transparency has diminished in Laguna Blanca and now is lower than that of fishless lakes.
• 4. P. colhuapiensis were captured only in Laguna Blanca, with the highest captures in the littoral zone. The population shows rapid individual growth in the early years and an absence of fish older than 6 years. The preponderance of benthos and the presence of macrophytes in the gut contents of adult P. colhuapiensis appear to indicate that they are important consumers of these resources.
• 5. This paper concludes that fish introduction in Laguna Blanca led to a complex trophic cascade effect (fish predation on tadpoles, fish competition for avian food, bottom disturbance, zooplankton reduction) producing deleterious effects on the amphibian and bird populations.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of Cre–loxP technology in zebrafish to study the regulation of fish reproduction

One cannot seek permission to market transgenic fish mainly because there is no field test or any basic research on technological developments for evaluating their biosafety. Infertility is a necessary adjunct to exploiting transgenic fish unless completely secure land-locked facilities are available. In this study, we report the generation of a Cre transgenic zebrafish line using a cytomegalovirus promoter. We also produced fish carrying the Bax1 and Bax2 plasmids; these genes were separated by two loxP sites under a zona pellucida C promoter or were driven by an anti-Müllerian hormone promoter. We inserted a red fluorescent protein gene between the two loxP sites. After obtaining transgenic lines with the two transgenic fish crossed with each other (Cre transgenic zebrafish x loxP transgenic zebrafish), the floxed DNA was found to be specifically eliminated from the female or male zebrafish, and apoptosis gene expressions caused ovarian and testicular growth cessation and degeneration. Overexpression of the Bax1 and Bax2 genes caused various expression levels of apoptosis-related genes. Accordingly, this transgenic zebrafish model system provides a method to produce infertile fish and may be useful for application to genetically modified fish.     

Effect of β-Glucan Stabilized Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsion on Properties of Croaker Surimi Gel

Effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion stabilized by β-glucan and β-glucan solution at final β-glucan levels of 5–20% (based on solid weight of surimi) on croaker surimi gel were comparatively studied. Increases in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant were found in surimi gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan, whereas a decrease in all properties was observed as the level of β-glucan in nanoemulsion increased. The addition of β-glucan solutions led to continuous decrease in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant, compared to the control. Addition of both β-glucan stabilized nanoemulsion and β-glucan solutions resulted in decrease in viscoelastic moduli. Power law model represented viscoelastic behavior of all the gels. Expressible moisture content decreased, while whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion, compared with gel containing VCO. However, both expressible moisture content and whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan solutions, at all levels used. Addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion resulted in finer gels compared to the control gel added with only VCO. Generally, overall likeness score increased for gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan. The surimi gel containing both medium chain fatty acids and β-glucan, functional ingredients, could be developed as a new product.     

Forecast accuracy of abalone producer prices by shell size in the Republic of Korea: Modified Diebold–Mariano tests of selected autoregressive models

ABSTRACT

This study provides abalone producers and consumers with price forecasting models exhibiting better performance for five classes of abalone prices based on shell size to help farmers predict abalone shipments and enhance the economic activity of consumers. First, the autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) models of abalone producer prices based on information criteria are selected. Second, the best ARMA model using out-of-sample data based on the mean squared error and mean absolute error is determined. Finally, this study compares the predictive accuracy of the better ARMA model and other ARMA models, using a modified Diebold–Mariano test. Higher forecasting accuracy is exhibited by the AR (1,3) model for 8 and 10 abalones per kilogram, the ARMA (1,0) and ARMA [(3),(1)] models for 13 abalones per kilogram, the ARMA (1,0) and ARMA [(1),(2)] models for 15 abalones per kilogram, and the ARMA (1,0) and ARMA (0,1) models for 20 abalones per kilogram.