鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲶、黄颡鱼和乌鳢的同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对鲶、黄颡鱼和乌鳢的肌肉、脑、心脏和肾4种组织的酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)进行了比较分析.结果显示,鲶、黄颡鱼和乌鳢的4种组织中都存在EST、LDH和MDH同工酶,它们有明显的组织特异性:同种鱼的不同组织中存在不同的条带,不同组织的酶活性也不同.EST在鲶和黄颡鱼4种组织中都有很高活性,在乌鳢心脏中的活性最高.LDH和MDH在3种鱼肌肉和心脏的活性均明显高于脑和肾.     

中华鳖同工酶研究

采用垂直淀粉胶电泳对中华鳖脑、眼、心、肌、肝、肾和卵巢七种组织中的六种同工酶系统（ＬＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＩＤＨ、ＭＥ、Ｇ６ＰＤＨ、ＥＳＴ）进行研究，构建了中华鳖同工酶酶谱，并利用草鱼ＬＤＨ－Ｂ４抗体对中华鳖ＬＤＨ酶谱进行了免疫化学分析，确定了中华鳖ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱和亚基组成，揭示了鱼类ＬＤＨ与爬行类ＬＤＨ在进化上的保守性     

马氏珠母贝不同组织同工酶的比较

采用聚丙烯酰酰胺凝胶水平平板电泳技术，研究了马氏珠母贝的８种组织７种同工酶的酶谱表型，结果表明：所测组织中未检出α－磷酸甘油脱氢酶（α－ＧＰＤＨ）和醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ），乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）只在肝脏一条微弱谱带，苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、苹果酸酶（ＭＥ）和超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）部分组织间有显著差异，而酯酶（ＥＳＴ）则具有明显的组织特异性。     

天鹅洲通江型长江故道“四大家鱼”种群遗传结构研究

利用淀粉胶电泳技术，对天鹅洲通江型故道青鱼（Ｍｙｌｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｎｐｉｃｅｕｓ）（６０尾），草鱼（Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｎｉｄｅｌｕｓ）（４０尾），鲢（Ｈｙｐｏｔｈａｌｍｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｍｏｌｉｔｒｅｉｘ）（４０尾），鳙（Ａｒｉｓｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ）（４０尾）的心、眼、脑、白肌、肝五种组织中ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ、Ｇ６ＰＤＨ及ＥＳＴ四种同工酶进行分析，并对这几种酶的一系列基因座位作了比较和定位，以此分别计算青、草、鲢、鳙的种群遗传变异率，为构建通江型长江故道“四大家鱼”种质资源生态库提供重要依据。     

日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究

日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＨＩＳＴＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＤＩＧＥＳＴＩＶＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＦＬＡＲＶＡＬＳＥＡ－ＨＯＲＳＥ张峰（大连水产学院，１１６０２３）ＺｈａｎｇＦｅｎｇ（ＤａｌｉａｎＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＣｏｌｅｇｅ，１１６０２３...     

硬骨鱼类胚胎和胚后发育阶段的免疫机制↑（*）

硬骨鱼类胚胎和胚后发育阶段的免疫机制ＩＭＭＵＮＯＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＴＥＬＥＯＳＴＳＤＵＲＩＮＧＥＭＢＲＹＯＮＩＣＡＮＤＥＡＲＬＹＰＯＳＴＥＭＢＲＹＯＮＩＣＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＳ钟明超林浩然（中山大学生物系，广州５１０２７５）ＺｈｏｎｇＭｉｎｇ...     

一种内变形虫对南方鲶肠组织损伤的组织学观察

一种内变形虫对南方鲶肠组织损伤的组织学观察张其中，龙祥平（西南师范大学生物系，重庆６３０７１５）关键词内变形虫，南方鲶，肠组织损伤ＨＩＳＴＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＩＮＴＥＳＴＩＮＡＬＬＥＳＩＯＮＳＯＦＳＩＬＵＲＵＳＭＥＲＩＤＩＯＮＡ...     

中国对虾病虾体内同工酶表型变化的初步研究

应用对流免疫电泳及核酸探针检测技术筛选感染病毒的中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）病虾，采用不连续的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究病虾体内同工酶的表型变化。用分光光度仪对电泳带扫描分析表明，病虾体内４种同工酶—酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的表型与健康虾比较存在显著差异。其中，ＭＤＨ、ＥＳＴ、ＧＯＴ的变化分别反映病虾体内糖类、脂类、氨基酸等３大物质代谢明显紊乱，ＳＯＤ活性下降，显示病虾免疫防御机能明显衰退。对虾体内同工酶表型变化规律稳定，重复性好，可作为对虾病害检测与诊断的生理生化指标     

黄颡鱼繁育技术初探

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco），属鲶彤目，娩科、黄颡鱼属，在我国江河、湖泊、沟渠、塘堰中都能生存。黄颡鱼喜栖息于静水缓流，营底栖生活，对生态环境的适应性较强。黄颡鱼生长速度较快，Ⅰ冬龄即可达性成熟，食性较杂，是一种优良的淡水养殖对象。由于黄颡鱼在天然水域中繁殖率较低，而且人工滥捕现象严重，自然资源不断衰退，已无法满足日渐扩大的市场需求。     

白甲鱼、大鳍鳠和斑鳜肾的比较组织学研究

白甲鱼、大鳍鳠和斑鳜肾的比较组织学研究钟明超（中山大学，广州５１０２７５）关键词肾，组织学，白甲鱼，大鳍　，斑鳜ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＡＮＤＨＩＳＴＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＫＩＤＮＥＹＳＯＦＶＡＲＩＣＯＲＨＩＮＵＳＳＩＮＵＳ，ＭＹＳＴ...     

莱州湾春季鱼类群落关键种的长期变化

关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。     

Examining changes in participation in recreational fisheries in England and Wales

Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge.     

Innovation in small-scale aquaculture in Chile

In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations.     

Genetic variation in tilapia populations in man-made reservoirs in Sri Lanka

An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed.     

武汉南湖的浮游植物

调查了武汉南湖浮游植物的群落结构,在5个采样站鉴定出浮游植物67种,隶属于7门24科43属,其中绿藻门种类最多(28种),金藻门最少(1种)。浮游植物平均密度为2.489×106ind./L,秋季最高为2.979×106ind./L,夏季最低为1.949×106ind./L;平均生物量为7.94 mg/L,其中隐藻生物量最高,为2.33 mg/L,甲藻和金藻最低,分别为0.06 mg/L和0.01 mg/L;浮游植物的密度和生物量在5个采样站之间无显著性差异,其M argalef多样性指数较低,在1~2之间。     

豢养斑海豹生长规律研究

为研究斑海豹生长规律，达到科学饲养的目的，对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检，获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息；通过SPSS 13．0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据，雌性11头，雄性19头。统计分析发现：logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ；体质量-体长关系为（r2＝0．908）；研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律，而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异（体长：P ＞0．05；体质量：P ＞0．05）。     

鱼类补偿生长的研究进展

本文综述了鱼类补偿生长的概念、影响因素及其生理机制,以通过其理论探讨建立科学的饲养模式,为水产养殖生产提供新的投喂途径。     

枝角类生态毒理学研究进展

对枝角类生态毒理学研究作了概述,主要包括枝角类生态毒理学研究常用种类、生态毒理学研究的领域、毒性试验常用方法,分析了目前枝角类生态毒理研究存在优点和不足,指出其生态毒理学研究需要加强的方面。     

Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment

Chinook, Oncurhynchus tshawytscha, catches in the Strait of Georgia increased in the 1970s and reached maximum levels from 1976 to 1978. Catches then declined until they stabilized through regulation at levels approximately one-quarter of the 1976 to 1978 levels. The timing of the decline in catch was synchronous with an increase in the mean temperature of the Strait of Georgia, a decline in annual Fraser River flows, and an abrupt decrease in the marine survival of hatchery-reared chinook released into the Strait of Georgia. Surprisingly, the number of young chinook salmon (smolts) more than doubled over the period of declining catches compared with the number produced during the period of high catches. The increase in smolt abundance was a consequence of the production from hatcheries that was approximately equal to wild production. We conclude that there was a change in the carrying capacity for chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia in the late 1970s that contributed to the declines in abundance and that rebuilding stocks to the high abundance of the late 1970s is unlikely until the carrying capacity for chinook salmon changes either naturally or through manipulation. Although we did not separate density-dependent and density-independent effects on marine survival, the current total number of chinook smolts produced appears larger than required for the current marine carrying capacity.     

西北地区大水面养殖河蟹技术

20 0 1年我们与河北水利厅合作 ,特聘请上海水产大学的专家对我们这里的三座水库进行资源调查 ,专家们认为小海子水库是天然的养蟹基地。这是一个浅碟型平原型水库 ,库底平坦 ,水草丰茂 ,枯水季节生长的水草可达水面 70 %左右 ,底部腐植淤泥层厚 15cm左右 ,水色呈绿褐色 ,透明度在5 0～ 80cm ,日照时间长 ,日照数波动在 12 2 7～2 74 8h ,年平均气温为 13 5℃ ,日平均气温变动在 - 4 7～ 2 8 2℃之间 ,库区最高气温 39 8℃ ,最低 - 13 8℃ ,月平均水温变化为 2 4～ 2 2 9℃之间 ,月平均最高水温在 7月和 8月 ,最低在 12月和 1月。由于水…