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1.
草鱼淋巴器官中的肥大细胞   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
许乐仁 《水产学报》2003,27(3):233-237
通过组织化学与形态学研究首次在草鱼的胸腺和头肾等淋巴器官中证实了肥大细胞的存在。草鱼肥大细胞的染色性质在某些方面似乎类似于哺乳动物的粘膜肥大细胞。Carnoy氏液及阿尔新蓝分别是优良的固定剂及染料,而中性缓冲甲醛却完全阻断草鱼肥大细胞的着染。值得注意的是一些曾被用于鉴定硬骨鱼肥大细胞(或嗜酸性颗粒细胞)的组织化学技术在本研究中未能检出草鱼肥大细胞。电镜下证实,草鱼肥大细胞中含有大量特征性的胞浆颗粒,其中充满无定形颗粒状基质,基质电子密度有的较高,有的较低,但未见特殊的亚微结构。  相似文献   

2.
类胰蛋白酶己被作为人类和某些哺乳动物组织中肥大细胞的标志。为检测鱼类肥大细胞胞浆中是否含有类胰蛋白酶,采用小鼠抗人类肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶单克隆抗体AA1通过ElivisionTM plus免疫组化染色技术,对尼罗罗非鱼、日本鳗鲡和欧洲鳗鲡消化道组织以及人胃癌组织石蜡切片中的肥大细胞进行染色,同时应用AB/SO和改良甲苯胺蓝法进行组织化学染色。结果表明,应用AB/SO和改良甲苯胺蓝染色都能较好显示尼罗罗非鱼肥大细胞, AB/SO染色法对日本鳗鲡和欧洲鳗鲡效果较差,改良甲苯胺蓝染色在上述两种鱼中未能检出肥大细胞;采用小鼠抗人类肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶单克隆抗体AA1通过ElivisionTMplus免疫组化染色技术,首次证实了尼罗罗非鱼肥大细胞胞浆中类胰蛋白酶的存在,但类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞数量很少,主要分布于尼罗罗非鱼消化道各段的黏膜上皮细胞基部和黏膜固有层,而日本鳗鲡与欧洲鳗鲡消化道均未检出类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞。说明不同鱼类肥大细胞胞浆颗粒中生物化学组分存在差别。人胃癌间质中可见多量类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞。  相似文献   

3.
《海洋与渔业》2008,(7):32-33
【品种来源】我国养殖的鲇鱼,主要有大口鲇、怀头鲇、胡子鲇和革胡子鲇等种类。来自于我国野生资源驯化培育,如大口鲇、怀头鲇和胡子鲇等;或者来自于引进驯化培育,如革胡子鲇等。经济价值较高的有大口鲇和怀头鲇等。大口鲇分布于我国长江以南的各大江河水系,以长江流域为主产区。  相似文献   

4.
牛蛙肥大细胞中类胰蛋白酶的证实   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨冬梅  许乐仁 《水产学报》2008,32(4):572-576
类胰蛋白酶已被作为人类和某些哺乳动物组织中肥大细胞的标志.为检测蛙科动物肥大细胞胞浆中是否含有类胰蛋白酶,采用了小鼠抗人类肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶单克隆抗体AAl通过间接免疫过氧化物酶技术,对牛蛙的舌,肠和脾以及人食道鳞癌组织(用作阳性对照)石蜡切片中的肥大细胞进行染色.首次在Bouin氏液固定的牛蛙组织中证实了牛蛙肥大细胞胞浆中类胰蛋白酶的存在,且单克隆抗体AA1与牛蛙肥大细胞中的类胰蛋白酶可获得良好的交叉反应.类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞多位于牛蛙肠黏膜固有层,少量见于肠绒毛基底部及舌粘膜下腺体周围,而未见于脾组织中.人食道癌间质中可见多量类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞.研究证实,与人类肥大细胞相似的是牛蛙肥大细胞也含有这种特有的类胰蛋白酶,牛蛙有可能是用作肥大细胞生物学研究的理想实验动物.  相似文献   

5.
长吻鮠不同时期脑垂体的超微结构   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用组织学方法和透射电镜技术对性周期内不同阶段和不同季节的雌性长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)脑垂体的超微结构进行较详细的研究,结果表明:长吻鮠脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分,腺垂体组织中有6种分泌细胞,即促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞、生长激素(STH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)分泌细胞、催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞。神经垂体组织中存在A型(A1、T2)和B型神经分泌纤维,A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒,B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。产卵前GTH细胞胞质中充满了电子密度较高的大、小两种分泌颗粒;TSH细胞胞质中分泌颗粒排空,电子密度降低,出现大空泡;STH细胞处于活跃的合成和分泌状态;MSH细胞粗面内质网相当发达,成层围核分布,分泌颗粒极少;PRL细胞电子密度高,具圆球形被膜的分泌颗粒;ACTH细胞分泌物颗粒数量少。产卵后GTH细胞中的分泌颗粒排空;TSH细胞出现空泡;STH细胞中的粗面内质网围核环状排列;MSH细胞分泌颗粒多但比较小,粗面内质网呈扁状或网状;PRL细胞分泌颗粒极少,分布不均匀;ACTH细胞内质网近核分布。秋季GTH细胞中发现GTH1和GTH2两种细胞,GTH1细胞具有大量围核分布的分泌颗粒,GTH2细胞胞质中分泌颗粒数量较少;STH细胞胞质中粗面内质网极发达,围核分布,线粒体数量增加;TSH细胞内质网膨大成泡状;MSH细胞有明显的双核结构,其中一核具核仁,胞质内分泌颗粒较产后增多;PRL细胞具有呈不均匀分布的圆球形分泌颗粒;ACTH细胞线粒体与内质网围核分布,分泌颗粒较少,不均匀分布于细胞质中。冬季GTH细胞内有少量分泌颗粒散布在核周围;TSH细胞含有较多的小型分泌颗粒,胞核外周有大量长条形的粗面内质网;STH细胞中分泌颗粒数量较少,合成和分泌活动微弱;MSH细胞粗面内质网呈泡化状,绕核排列;PRL细胞、ACTH细胞和秋季时的超微结构无明显差异。神经垂体中的分泌纤维各阶段也有一定的变化,产前阶段具有较多球形的无被膜分泌颗粒,产后阶段分泌颗粒呈现排空,秋季部分可见到分泌颗粒,但数量相对较少,冬季变化不明显。  相似文献   

6.
南方鲇胰腺组织结构及胰腺泡的超微结构   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
刘怀如 《中国水产科学》2002,9(4):293-295,W001,W002
南方鲇 (Silurusmeridionalis)具有独立而发达的胰腺 ,为致密型。光镜观察可见 ,胰腺外被覆明显的被膜 ,厚度 5~ 2 2 μm ,发达的结缔组织纤维伸入胰腺内部 ,将腺体分隔成明显的小叶 ;胰腺组织包括外分泌部和内分泌部 ,其外分泌部是 1种管泡状腺 ,包括胰腺泡和排泄管 ;其内分泌部即胰岛 ,细胞中有甲细胞、乙细胞和丁细胞 ,核径分别为 4 .2、5 .0和 5 .3μm ,胞质颗粒分别呈红色、桔黄色和淡蓝色。超微结构观察到 ,胰腺细胞呈锥形 ,细胞中具有大而明显的核仁 ,分布着异常发达的粗面内质网、线粒体和核糖体 ,有丰富的酶原颗粒 ,胰腺细胞排列紧密 ,细胞间界限明显 ,连接复合体、泡心细胞和成纤维细胞非常清晰  相似文献   

7.
黄颡鱼鲇爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从患头顶溃疡症的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)内脏组织中分离出致病力强的菌株JZ086,对该菌进行了形态学、生理生化特性的测定,并进行了Biolog全自动微生物分析系统及16S rDNA序列鉴定。结果显示:人工感染实验证实该菌为黄颡鱼的病原菌,其半数致死量(LD50)为1.7×105CFU。Biolog全自动微生物分析系统鉴定结果显示该菌为鲇爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)。16S rDNA序列分析显示该菌与鲇爱德华氏菌的亲缘关系最近,同源性高达99%;系统进化树中与鲇爱德华氏菌(AB050826)自然聚为一支,二者遗传距离约为0.002。鉴定结果确认JZ086为鲇爱德华氏菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,该菌对所测试的15种药物都敏感,其中对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、妥布霉素等尤其敏感。  相似文献   

8.
黄颡鱼的养殖技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄颡鱼属鲇形目,鲶科,黄颡鱼属。广西地方名莫丁,通常个体大小0.15~0.25kg/尾,最大个体可达0.5kg/尾,其肉质细嫩,鱼味鲜美,营养丰富,深受消费者的喜欢。与本地胡子鲶相比,其肉质更加鲜嫩,口感更佳,经济效益更好。  相似文献   

9.
为了了解黄鳝(Monopterus albus)肝脏结构与功能的关系,应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对黄鳝肝脏的显微和超微结构进行了观察。结果表明:黄鳝肝脏肝小叶不明显;肝细胞以中央静脉为中心呈不规则放射状分布,肝血窦交织成网状;肝细胞核大,核中位或偏位,偶见双核。肝细胞核大而圆,核仁显著,核孔明显且数目多;胞质内粗面内质网发达,呈区域化的层层排列,线粒体非常丰富且成群分布,紧密排列在核周围或与粗面内质网紧密接触;糖原颗粒丰富;可见溶酶体和脂滴。  相似文献   

10.
为确定海南某鳗鲡养殖场患病美洲鳗鲡大量死亡的原因,从患病美洲鳗鲡肝脏和脾脏中分离获得1株优势菌株AB01,回归感染证实该菌株为导致此次美洲鳗鲡患病的病原菌。经生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA基因序列比对及系统发育分析,判定菌株AB01为鲍曼不动杆菌。致病性分析结果显示,菌株AB01对美洲鳗鲡的半致死浓度为4.63×106CFU/mL。组织病理学观察显示,患病美洲鳗鲡的肝脏、脾脏均发生不同程度的病变,其中,肝脏中部分肝索排列紊乱,细胞肿胀,胞核溶解,胞质疏松,结构模糊,有大量大小不等的空泡;脾脏中胞质多处稀疏,伴有大面积损伤。药敏检测显示,鲍曼不动杆菌AB01对头孢噻吩、头孢唑啉、阿奇霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、利福平、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星敏感,对氟苯尼考、氨苄西林等9种抗生素中度敏感,对氨曲南和四环素等20种抗生素有多重耐药性。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

14.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

17.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

18.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

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Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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