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1.
罗非鱼链球菌病有2种病原,即海豚链球菌和无乳链球菌。在5年前,罗非鱼链球菌病的主要病原是海豚链球菌,且疾病的发生多呈局部性的零星暴发流行。但随着罗非鱼养殖密度增大、养殖环境恶化、抗病性能退化,罗非鱼链球菌病呈现大面积、高死亡的急性流行暴发,且病原主要是无乳链球菌。近3年来,罗非鱼链球菌病的广泛暴发,给罗非鱼养殖业造成极...  相似文献   

2.
正鱼类链球菌病是一种在世界范围内流行的疾病,最早的相关报道见于1957年,发生在日本人工养殖的虹鳟中。20世纪80年代以后,世界范围内出现了较广泛的鱼类链球菌感染。鱼类链球菌病最初主要在日本造成危害,目前已在美国、以色列、韩国、西班牙、意大利、澳大利亚、南非等地广泛肆虐,严重危害各种淡水、半咸水和海水养殖鱼类。近几年我国鱼类链球菌感染的报道也呈现增加趋势。病原能够从病死鱼的各种器官组织中分离。与病死鱼  相似文献   

3.
<正>夏秋两季气温高,雨量多,鱼类进入生长最旺季,鱼病病原体也大量繁殖。由于养殖密度增大、养殖环境恶化,罗非鱼的病害越来越严重。近几年来,已经有几种疾病在罗非鱼上发现,链球菌病是罗非鱼育成期的常见疾病,发病率高,危害严重,常常造成很大的经济损失。一、病原无乳链球菌是养殖罗非鱼的主要病原。其他链球菌  相似文献   

4.
罗非鱼链球菌病的诊治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
林家勇 《内陆水产》2006,31(2):15-15
根据目前资料报道,引起罗非鱼链球菌病的病原菌有β-溶血性链球菌和非溶血性链球菌。近几年池塘养殖罗非鱼,网箱养殖罗非鱼不时发生此病,此病多流行于夏秋高温季节,也危害虹鳟、斑点叉尾□、香鱼等鱼类。笔者在2004年8月下旬诊治过罗非鱼链菌球病。现将诊治的相关情况报告如下:  相似文献   

5.
《海洋与渔业》2008,(8):47-47
罗非鱼链球菌病 病原:无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae),海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)也可以引起罗非鱼大量死亡,但危害程度不如无乳链球菌。链球菌是一种革兰氏阳性、非酸性、无运动氧化酶阳性、过氧化氢酶阳性的菌。  相似文献   

6.
<正>人们普遍认为罗非鱼抵抗力强,很少有病害发生。但现今,随着罗非鱼养殖密度增大、养殖环境恶化,罗非鱼的病害也会发生并越来越严重,已经有几种疾病在罗非鱼上发现,其中链球菌病是罗非鱼育成期的常见疾病,发病率高、危害严重,常常造成很大的经济损失。一、病原无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)是养殖罗非鱼的主要病原(包括以前定名为S.difficilis、difficiie的链球菌,现在认为是无乳链球菌的同种异名)。海豚链球菌(StroDtococcus iniae)也可以引起罗非鱼大量死亡,但  相似文献   

7.
无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)普遍存在于养殖水体中,可产生外毒素,对动物具有致死性,由无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌(Streptococcus inia)引起的罗非鱼链球菌病被认为是对罗非鱼危害最严重的细菌性疾病,而且链球菌还可随伤口感染人类.近几年来,因罗非鱼链球菌病的暴发流行,给罗非鱼养殖业造成极大的危害,甚至威胁到罗非鱼养殖产业的稳定发展.2011年5月~10月,广西多地暴发罗非鱼链球菌病,危害各种规格的养殖罗非鱼,共造成7127吨鱼死亡,经济损失8610.8万元,已严重制约了广西罗非鱼养殖业的健康发展.研究结果表明,近两年广西养殖罗非鱼链球菌病的病原菌为无乳链球菌,且大多表现为多重耐药菌株.而生产实际中,药物防治仍是目前养殖户针对罗非鱼链球菌病普遍采用的主要控制措施.本试验选取12种常用国标渔药,研究其对无乳链球菌的抑菌作用,旨在为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的药物防治提供参考.  相似文献   

8.
<正>随着我国罗非鱼养殖规模扩大,各种传染性疾病的发生呈现不断增长的趋势,尤其是近年来链球菌病的大范围流行,对罗非鱼的养殖造成了巨大的损失。导致罗非鱼链球菌病的病原菌主要是无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)和海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae),其中又以前者最为常见。2014年8月~9月间,笔者在广东省湛江市罗非鱼养殖区调查发现,养殖的新吉富罗非鱼爆发疾病,病鱼大小为50g~300g。经解剖和病原学分析,排除了病毒和寄生虫感染的可能,通过细菌分离、纯化和培养,从  相似文献   

9.
罗非鱼链球菌病是茂名市罗非鱼养殖过程中常见的细菌病,病原是海豚链球菌(Streptococcys ubuae)或者无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae),属革兰氏阳性菌,每年造成罗非鱼养殖损失很大,但是部分养殖户囿于对此病的认识,难以进行正确的诊断与治疗。茂名市水产技术推广中心站在中山大学李安兴教授和广东省水生动物疫病控制中心的技术支撑下,对罗非鱼链球菌病进行相关的研究,现将罗非鱼链球菌病发病原因、检测方法与防治方法表述如下:  相似文献   

10.
<正>鱼类的链球菌病已然成为养殖鱼类重要细菌性疾病之一,在不少的国家和地区的鱼类养殖业都有链球菌病害爆发的案例。一、鱼类链球菌病受到链球菌感染的鱼类,出现明显症状的部位首先是头部,致病菌能破坏鱼体的脑神经,继而通过血液循环破坏肝、肾、脾等器官引发全身性出血病,是一种传染性极强的细菌性疾病,而且疾病一旦发生,患病鱼体的死亡率比较高,而且水温越高病情就越重。由海豚链球菌引起敏感鱼类感染死亡率可以达到20%~50%以上。  相似文献   

11.
甘肃水域资源较为丰富,分属黄河、长江、内陆河三大流域,九个水系,蕴育着百余种鱼类,其中55种为中国特有种。受人类活动的影响,鱼类生存的环境正在或已经受到破坏,土著鱼类的生物多样性迅速降低,许多物种濒临灭绝。本文就甘肃土著鱼类资源概况及开发利用中存在问题做了叙述,并就如何合理开发保护甘肃土著鱼类资源提出了可持续发展策略。  相似文献   

12.
南极鱼类年龄与生长研究进展   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
朱国平  魏联 《水产学报》2017,41(10):1638-1647
南极鱼类生长相对缓慢,独特的生物学特性使其年龄鉴定较其他海区鱼类更为困难。但考虑到鱼类年龄鉴定是开展渔业资源评估的基础,因此过去一些年来,硬质部位,如鳞片、鳍条(棘)、脊椎骨以及耳石等仍成为南极鱼类的主要鉴龄材料。本文对南极鱼类年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行了总结回顾,将年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行比较,分析各自优缺点。结果显示:(1)对于具鳞的南极鱼类,因鳞片在鱼类生长过程中存在重吸收现象,因而利用鳞片及鳍条(棘)单独鉴龄所得出的结果通常小于耳石的鉴龄结果,缺乏精确性;(2)南极鱼类生活跨度较大,高龄鱼体长频次分布严重重叠,以致无法准确判断其年龄结构;(3)耳石重量法易受到特殊个体影响而误判年龄;(4)因鳍条易损坏,脊椎骨采集较为困难,且许多南极鱼类无鳞,目前大多数南极鱼类使用耳石鉴定年龄,其也成为目前最为精准的南极鱼类鉴龄方法,但同时利用鳞片和耳石重量等对鉴定结果进行验证;(5)南极鱼类尚存在无统一的鉴龄标准、人为主观性较强以及缺乏早期生活史研究等不足之处;(6)为了研究南极鱼类早期生活史,耳石微化学及微结构等方法将被广泛利用。  相似文献   

13.
The Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic fishes of Africa   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Africa has provided many fossil fishes from sediments laid down over a 400 million year period. The large array of fossil fishes come from diverse localities throughout the continent, representing a variety of environments. The marine fossil fishes of Africa have not been reviewed as a whole, while the freshwater Cenozoic fishes of Africa were last reviewed over 25 years ago. Since that time, many new finds have increased our knowledge of the history of African fishes. This paper summarizes the known fish fossils, excluding otoliths, from marine and freshwater deposits throughout Africa from the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and first part of the Cenozoic (Palaeogene). Much new work is ongoing, in areas such as Mali and South Africa, from which more information on the ichthyofaunas should come to light. New information presented here includes the Eocene site of Mahenge, Tanzania, from which have come the oldest known members of the family Cichlidae.  相似文献   

14.
Climate change and the future for coral reef fishes   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Climate change will impact coral-reef fishes through effects on individual performance, trophic linkages, recruitment dynamics, population connectivity and other ecosystem processes. The most immediate impacts will be a loss of diversity and changes to fish community composition as a result of coral bleaching. Coral-dependent fishes suffer the most rapid population declines as coral is lost; however, many other species will exhibit long-term declines due to loss of settlement habitat and erosion of habitat structural complexity. Increased ocean temperature will affect the physiological performance and behaviour of coral reef fishes, especially during their early life history. Small temperature increases might favour larval development, but this could be counteracted by negative effects on adult reproduction. Already variable recruitment will become even more unpredictable. This will make optimal harvest strategies for coral reef fisheries more difficult to determine and populations more susceptible to overfishing. A substantial number of species could exhibit range shifts, with implications for extinction risk of small-range species near the margins of reef development. There are critical gaps in our knowledge of how climate change will affect tropical marine fishes. Predictions are often based on temperate examples, which may be inappropriate for tropical species. Improved projections of how ocean currents and primary productivity will change are needed to better predict how reef fish population dynamics and connectivity patterns will change. Finally, the potential for adaptation to climate change needs more attention. Many coral reef fishes have geographical ranges spanning a wide temperature gradient and some have short generation times. These characteristics are conducive to acclimation or local adaptation to climate change and provide hope that the more resilient species will persist if immediate action is taken to stabilize Earth's climate.  相似文献   

15.
The Introduced Fish Problem and the Aquarium Fish Industry   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Of the 46 species of foreign fishes known to be established as reproducing populations in open waters of the contiguous United States, approximately 65% are known or presumed to have originated from the aquarium fish trade. Many escaped or were released from aquarium fish culture facilities and some were introduced by aquarists. More than 50 additional, non-established fishes, mostly aquarium species, have been collected in the wild. These introductions, with established populations, have not been restricted to the so-called Sun Belt states, but have occurred throughout the U.S.
Because many introductions have resulted in serious negative impcts to native fishes, and most have the potential to do so, it is imperative that the aquarium fish industry and trade take measures to curtail such releases. The means of accomplishing this goal are relatively inexpensive. Industry must assist in public education to reduce introductions by aquarists.  相似文献   

16.
Canopy‐forming macroalgae can construct extensive meadow habitats in tropical seascapes occupied by fishes that span a diversity of taxa, life‐history stages and ecological roles. Our synthesis assessed whether these tropical macroalgal habitats have unique fish assemblages, provide fish nurseries and support local fisheries. We also applied a meta‐analysis of independent surveys across 23 tropical reef locations in 11 countries to examine how macroalgal canopy condition is related to the abundance of macroalgal‐associated fishes. Over 627 fish species were documented in tropical macroalgal meadows, with 218 of these taxa exhibiting higher local abundance within this habitat (cf. nearby coral reef) during at least one life‐history stage. Major overlap (40%–43%) in local fish species richness among macroalgal and seagrass or coral reef habitats suggest macroalgal meadows may provide an important habitat refuge. Moreover, the prominence of juvenile fishes suggests macroalgal meadows facilitate the triphasic life cycle of many fishes occupying diverse tropical seascapes. Correlations between macroalgal canopy structure and juvenile abundance suggests macroalgal habitat condition can influence levels of replenishment in tropical fish populations, including the majority of macroalgal‐associated fishes that are targeted by commercial, subsistence or recreational fisheries. While many macroalgal‐associated fishery species are of minor commercial value, their local importance for food and livelihood security can be substantial (e.g. up to 60% of landings in Kenyan reef fisheries). Given that macroalgal canopy condition can vary substantially with sea temperature, there is a high likelihood that climate change will impact macroalgal‐associated fish and fisheries.  相似文献   

17.
There is growing societal and scientific interest in the welfare status of fish used for commercial enterprise. As animal welfare is primarily concerned with the quality of life of a conscious, sentient organism, the question of whether fishes are even capable of consciousness must first be addressed in order to assess their welfare status. Recently, there has been a resurgence of research investigating the biological basis for human consciousness, and our current understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying fish behaviour has likewise improved significantly. Combined, these research perspectives create an opportunity to better comprehend the phylogeny of traits associated with consciousness, as well as the emergence of consciousness itself during vertebrate evolution. Despite the availability of this literature, contemporary reviews or published studies investigating the probability of conscious states occurring in fishes often do so without considering new perspectives or data. In this paper, we review and critique recent publications that report equivocal conclusions favouring the absence or presence of consciousness in various fishes. By introducing other data into these analyses, we demonstrate that there are alternative perspectives which support the existence of consciousness in fishes as a plausible concept. An accurate assessment of the mental capacity of fishes will require enhanced knowledge of their forebrain neuroanatomy, an understanding of how such structures mediate behavioural responses, and an analysis of that information within the context of contemporary theory related to the evolution of consciousness in higher vertebrates.  相似文献   

18.
鱼类基因转移技术研究进展   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
基因转移为鱼类遗传育种开辟了一条新的途径。自1985年第1例转基因鱼问世至今已获得十几种转基因鱼,在促进生长,提高鱼类抗逆性、抗病性等方面取得了巨大的成绩。本文主要结合国内外关于鱼类基因转移成功的报道,分析了各种转基因技术的可行性和优缺点,并对其作用机理、适用对象、条件优化、转化效率等几个方面做了概括性叙述。  相似文献   

19.
Effective management of invasive fishes depends on the availability of updated information about their distribution and spatial dispersion. Forensic analysis was performed using online and published data on the European catfish, Silurus glanis L., a recent invader in the Tagus catchment (Iberian Peninsula). Eighty records were obtained mainly from anglers’ fora and blogs, and more recently from www.youtube.com . Since the first record in 1998, S. glanis expanded its geographic range by ≈700 km of river network, occurring mainly in reservoirs and in high‐order reaches. Human‐mediated and natural dispersal events were identified, with the former occurring during the first years of invasion and involving movements of >50 km. Downstream dispersal directionality was predominant. The analysis of online data from anglers was found to provide useful information on the distribution and dispersal patterns of this non‐native fish, and is potentially applicable as a preliminary, exploratory assessment tool for other non‐native fishes.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT:   The auditory brainstem response (ABR) of fishes is commonly measured by bringing the heads of the fishes out of the water in a small tank. However, this method is inapplicable to experiments for large fishes that are economically important in large spaces such as the sea or in a large tank. This paper describes a method of recording, the ABR for fishes in water, without exposing the fish heads to air, by using a waterproof, insulated electrode. To evaluate the effectiveness of this method, the goldfish Carassius auratus was investigated, and the ABR waveform and auditory thresholds measured in water were compared with those measured on the surface. Both ABR waveforms and auditory thresholds showed similar trends between the two methods. The underwater ABR method is useful to measure the auditory thresholds of larger fish in natural or on-site environments such as the sea, net enclosures and large aquaria in which precise positioning of the fish is not possible. However, more improvement is needed to apply this method to large fishes.  相似文献   

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