白斑狗鱼、江鳕鱼在石家庄市实现全人工繁育

由省水产研究所和石家庄市水产管理处共同承担的白斑狗鱼和江鳕鱼引进繁育开发项目,目前获得成功。该项目以石家庄市赞皇县正和水产良种场为依托,历经三年努力,经科研人员精心研究、实践和探索,实现了白斑狗鱼和江鳕鱼规模化人工繁育和成鱼养殖。     

九龙江-厦门湾氮磷污染物入海通量估算与研究

本研究初步估算2011—2020年九龙江总氮、总磷污染物入海通量,分析年际通量变化和月际通量的空间变化,探讨了可能的影响因素。结果表明,2011—2020年间九龙江总氮和总磷的入海通量呈现递减趋势,但仍具有较高养分通量的特点,总氮和总磷的入海通量排放主要受到畜禽养殖和化肥施用等人为活动的影响。2018年九龙江北溪的总氮通量最高,西溪的总磷通量最高,南溪最低。入海通量的空间差异主要与径流量有关,北溪的畜禽养殖和西溪的化肥施用是导致养分入海的主要因素,九龙江氮磷污染物入海与水产养殖关系较小。本研究对九龙江-厦门湾提出有关污染物总量控制措施建议,为当地政府做好重点河流污染物总量控制提供参考。     

广西名鱼——三角鲤的规模化繁殖技术

<正>三角鲤(Cyprinus multiltaeniata Pelegrin Chevey)又称黄板鲫、江鲫,隶属鲤形目、鲤科、鲤亚科、三角鲤属,主要分布在越南红河流域和我国广西的西江流域、钦江流域,是一种名贵的鲤鱼品种。因三角鲤肉质比一般鲤鱼要细嫩、鲜美,而深受消费者欢迎。目前由于捕捞过度以及生态破坏等原因,野生三角鲤的数量急剧减少,价格因此也居高不下,在广东佛山环球水产市场报价是普通鲤鱼价格的2~3倍。发展三角鲤的养殖,可以缓解野生三角鲤的供应     

悬浮泥沙对青竹江陈家坝段冬季鱼类多样性的影响

选取青竹江陈家坝段水动力特征和河流形态相似的2个区域,利用肩背式电鱼机（800 W,24 V）进行冬季（2012年1月12-17日）采样,用食性同质资源团和鱼类分类多样性方法评价悬浮泥沙对河流鱼类多样性的影响。共采集到鱼类14种,隶属于2目4科14属。鱼类的物种数量和食性同质资源团种类随悬浮泥沙含量的降低而增加,这种变化可能与鱼类的摄食策略差异有关。结果可为认识泥沙对河流鱼类多样性的影响规律,以及预测鱼类群落对悬浮泥沙的响应过程和鱼类多样性保护提供借鉴。     

梯级水库影响下南渡江干流浮游生物种群洪枯水期沿程变化

为探讨河流浮游生物种群的沿程变化,针对我国唯一一条大型热带河流-海南南渡江进行生物监测和调查研究。生物监测分丰水、枯水两期开展,共鉴定出浮游植物7门151种,丰度为2.62&#215;105~26.25&#215; 105 cells/L,香农-威纳生物多样性指数为1.4~2.9;同站点共鉴定出浮游动物5门74种,丰度为0.01~ 157.5 ind./L,香农-威纳生物多样性指数为1.4~2.6。 研究结果表明,南渡江浮游生物群落结构沿程变化受梯级水电建设影响较大,水库浮游生物丰度一般高于河流干流。尽管热带河流气温季节变化不大,丰水、枯水水量变化对浮游生物群落影响显著。枯水期浮游生物丰度和多样性均低于丰水期,且沿程变化更加不规则,与枯水期梯级水电蓄水大规模改变水流连通性有关。与浮游植物相比,浮游动物群落结构在同一河流的沿程变化和季节变化更加显著,说明所研究河段浮游动物对栖息环境更加敏感。     

北运河水系春、秋季轮虫群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系

于2015年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)分别对北运河水系40个站点进行了野外采样调查,分析了春、秋两季轮虫群落结构的特征,以此评价北运河水系的健康状况,并找出影响该水系轮虫群落结构的主要水环境因子。调查结果显示:北运河水系共鉴定出轮虫44种,主要以臂尾轮虫属为主;春季和秋季的物种数平均值分别为10.58种和6.55种,优势种分别为8种和3种,轮虫密度平均值分别为103.43个/L和36.75个/L,香农威纳指数平均值分别为2.39和2.08,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.64和0.59。研究分析结果表明:溶解氧和总氮分别是春季、秋季影响北运河水系轮虫群落结构的主要环境因子;北运河水系河流生态系统呈中度污染。     

港口湾水库对下游大型底栖动物群落结构影响的研究

为研究西津河港口湾水库对下游大型底栖动物群落结构的影响,分别在水库上下游的兵坑口桥、港口湾水文站点、宁国老水文站和西津大桥4个站点进行底栖动物采样调查及鉴定,共采集大型底栖无脊椎动物22315个;应用底栖动物物种组成和功能摄食类群等参数来衡量水库对河流底栖动物群落结构的影响,并结合河流生境的变化对底栖动物群落结构做了简单分析。结果表明,坝上游底质以鹅卵石（54.46%）和砾石（43.56%）为主,坝下组以鹅卵石、砾石和大石块为主,且坝上下游水体各理化指标均出现波动但并不显著;下游距离大坝1 km处的港口湾水文站点物种丰富度和EPT分类单元数显著降低（P=0.016, P=0.003）,滤食者比例显著升高（P=0.011）,刮食者和捕食者比例显著下降(P=0.011, P=0.013);而多度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数等群落参数在各样点间无显著差异;群落结构相似性分析也表明,港口湾水文站点群落结构与其他样点存在显著差异。本次研究成果可为水利工程对生态系统影响的评价及生态恢复等提供参考。     

添加芽孢杆菌对池塘中理化因子和细菌群落结构的影响分析

为研究添加芽孢杆菌对池塘水体理化因子和细菌群落结构的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了实验组(添加芽孢杆菌池塘)与对照组(普通池塘)水体和底泥细菌群落结构,同时分析了两种池塘水体和底泥的理化指标。结果显示,8、9月实验组池塘水体中TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量显著低于对照组,底泥中的NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP含量显著高于对照组。实验组池塘水体中发酵单胞菌属(Zymomonas)、玫瑰单胞菌(Roseomonas)、脱氯单胞菌(Dechloromonas)和噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)细菌丰度显著高于对照组。在这些细菌群落中,脱氯单胞菌、噬几丁质菌属有去除硝酸盐的作用,发酵单胞菌属、玫瑰单胞菌具有脱氮的功能。实验组池塘水体Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于对照组。水体中优势细菌群落中的噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)、Geothermobacter、Haliscomenobacter与硝酸盐、总磷呈负相关性,与氨氮、总氮呈正相关性。研究表明,通过向池塘添加芽孢杆菌,可以改变水体中细菌群落的结构,从而实现对池塘理化因素的调节。研究结果为降低水产养殖尾水对水域环境的污染具有一定的借鉴意义。     

引水对梅梁湾水质及浮游藻类影响的模拟研究

以望虞河“引江济太”工程为背景,通过为期30d的受水水体为15L的室内微宇宙水生态模拟实验,研究了望虞河水三种引水流量T1、T2、T3（432ml/d、864ml/d、1728ml/d）影响下太湖梅梁湾富营养化水体理化性质与浮游藻类群落的动态响应过程。受水水体理化参数的重复测量方差分析表明,三种流量的引水均能不同程度地促进受水水体复氧,降低水体营养盐浓度,且流量越大改善作用越明显。在静水条件下,实验受水水体的浮游藻类以微囊藻为主（88.9%-100%）,而1728ml/d流量引水处理组中微囊藻的比例（21.1%）在第15d显著下降,微囊藻细胞的数量密度也较对照组和其它流量组有显著降低。同时,浮游藻类群落结构与受水水体理化参数的典范对应分析表明,受水水体溶解氧、浊度、溶解态磷酸盐和硝酸盐氮含量与浮游藻类群落结构动态变化显著相关,表明望虞河一定流量的引水导致湖水DO含量、浊度值的上升以及NO3-N与SRP含量的下降是浮游藻类群落中微囊藻密度以及相对比例降低的重要因素。     

黄岛近海岸贝类养殖区细菌群落结构多样性及与环境因子响应

为了研究近海贝类开放养殖水域中细菌种群分布规律以及微生物群落多样性对环境因子的响应及与水产动物发病的关系,本实验于2019年7—11月采集黄岛某开放养殖水域不同样点海水样本,分析不同水质因子(水温、盐度、pH、DO、叶绿素、氨氮、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐)的动态变化,并利用高通量测序的方法分析了不同月份水样和栉孔扇贝组织样本中微生物群落结构和多样性的差异,探讨了环境因子与微生物群落结构的相关性。结果显示,水样本中细菌群落结构共检测到42个门,94个纲。由变形菌门、拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门、放线菌门及厚壁菌门等组成,其中变形菌门为优势菌门,主要包括γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲。不同月份,细菌OTU水平多样性分析结果为11月>9月>7月>10月>8月;弧菌OTU水平多样性分析结果显示,弧菌的多样性呈现先升高后降低的变化,与水温的变化趋势一致,8月养殖区多样性高于对照区。RDA分析表明,叶绿素含量(μg/L)和亚硝酸盐的浓度(mg/L)对门水平的物种组成和群落结构具有显著的影响。磷酸盐含量(mg/L)和DO (mg/L)对弧菌属水平的群落结构具有显著影响。扇贝组织样本细菌群落...     

甘肃地区大水面养殖河蟹试验

甘肃省地处黄河、长江中上游,渔业资源较为丰富,但没有河蟹的自然分布,据调查全省适合河蟹生长的养殖水体可达5万多公顷,其中大水面(湖泊、水库、塘坝)有5000多公顷。从2001年开始,甘肃省通过向宜蟹大水面引进、投放蟹种进行河蟹养殖,以河蟹商品规格、亩产量、回捕率作为主要技术指标,采用生态养殖模式,进行科学管理,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Density of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts in the river Orkla, a large river in central Norway

Abstract. Estimates of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolt density were conducted in the river Orkla, central Norway, in spring 1983 by tagging 2671 smolts. The fish were captured in three sections of the river and marked by cutting the fins. Smolts larger than 110 mm were separated from fish between 100 and 110 mm, resulting in four series of markings. During the smolt run, 1285 smolts were captured in two traps lowered from a bridge, situated downstream of the area of the river where the fish were tagged. The recapture of tagged smolts was 27 specimens (1%). varying between 0·8% and 1·2% for the different series of markings. The estimated smolt densities varied between 2·8 and 4·4 smolts per 100 m2 from the four markings, with 4·1 smolts per 100 m2 (95% confidence interval 2·8–6·1) based on the total number of recaptures.     

鱼虾蟹越冬管理技术之三:青虾与河蟹的越冬管理

搞好青虾越冬管理是发展青虾养殖的重要环节,其管理工作主要有: 1.越冬池的选择越冬池要选用池形比较规则、避风向阳、水深1.2m以上的池塘,池中放养一些水花生之类的水草或放置一些柳树枝、瓦片、砖块等隐蔽物为佳,每亩池塘放养水草150kg～200kg或放置柳树枝25kg～35kg.     

河蟹养殖技术之四青虾与河蟹池塘混养技术

青虾与河蟹混养,可以充分利用池塘水体和饲料,在基本不增加劳动强度的情况下,获得虾、蟹双丰收,大大提高池塘养殖的整体经济效益。一、池塘准备1.池塘选择 实行虾蟹混养的池塘,面积5亩~10亩,水深1.0m~1.5m,塘埂坡度1∶3左右,不渗不漏,排灌方便,水源充足,水质清新,水体溶解氧丰富,无工业或生活污水污染。2.清塘消毒 要求养殖池塘清除过多的淤泥,冬季经阳光曝晒,放养前半个月至一个月用生石灰75kg/亩~100kg/亩化浆或漂白粉20ppm全池泼洒,进行清塘消毒,以杀灭野杂鱼,改善池塘底质。3.防逃设施 池塘四周做好防逃设施,一般用高0.5m的铝…     

Fate of lower Mississippi river habitats associated with river training dikes

• 1 Regions of reduced velocity adjacent to spur dikes along the Lower Mississippi River are valuable aquatic habitats. Similar zones along other large rivers have been converted to terrestrial habitats by sediment deposition.
• 2 Repetitive hydrographic surveys of 26 representative groups of dikes are examined to determine the direction and rates of change.
• 3 Since the dikes were constructed, the aquatic volume and area of associated low-velocity habitats have been reduced by 38% and 17%, respectively. Examination of time series shows that most changes occur shortly after construction, and after initial adjustment, habitat area and volume fluctuate about a condition of dynamic equilibrium.
• 4 Sedimentation rates were most rapid for dike fields constructed on the inside of bends to prevent chute development. Dike fields built to force or maintain thalweg crossings exhibited erosion rather than deposition.

     

The effects of stocking Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in a Norwegian regulated river

Abstract  Stocking is undertaken in the River Suldalslågen, western Norway, to compensate for an estimated annual loss of 20 000 Atlantic salmon smolts, Salmo salar L., caused by regulating the river for hydropower production. The annual contribution to angling catches from stocked hatchery fish varied from 7 to 334 kg, or <15% of the total number caught. Between 160 000 and 250 000 one-summer old fish were stocked, but only between 6 and 10 (<0.005%) were recaptured as adults in the river. Recaptured stocked fish never exceeded 0.03% by number, despite smolts dominating the stocking material in recent years. It is not certain whether the slight increase in catches comes in addition to or at the expense of natural reproduction. In most years more adults were used as parent stock than were caught as offspring. The lack of positive response to stocking is possibly due to lesser age, smaller size and later migration of hatchery smolts, and that seawater tolerance of hatchery smolts is poorly developed, all factors increasing mortality at sea.     

河蟹养殖技术之四河道无公害养殖大规格河蟹技术

利用河道内天然饵料生物资源养殖河蟹,是一种无公害养殖模式,所产商品蟹色泽亮洁,口感佳,市场售价高,有着十分广阔的发展前景。笔者从2004年开始在江苏省涟水县公兴河内进行河道无公害养殖大规格河蟹试验,连续3年都取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益,现将试验情况总结如下:     

Salinity changes in the anadromous river pufferfish,Takifugu obscurus,mediate gene regulation

This study aimed to better understand the hydromineral regulatory response of the anadromous river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus, to salinity changes through real-time RT-PCR. After abrupt transfer from 30 or 5 psu to 5 or 30 psu, respectively, we analyzed the mRNA expression of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase, prolactin receptor, and aquaporin from osmoregulatory organs of the river pufferfish such as gills, kidney, and intestine. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase showed notable changes in the gills and kidney when salinity was increased. In the gills, the expression level of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase suddenly increased within a day after abrupt transfer from 5 to 30 psu and then slightly declined within 2 days after exposure. In the kidney, Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase has shown consistently high mRNA expression after the increase in salinity. Expression levels of the prolactin receptor gene increased when environmental salinity decreased. In the intestine, gene expression of the prolactin receptor remained high, even when salinity decreased. To the contrary, there was a steady increase or decrease in mRNA expression in the kidney in response to salinity decrease or increase, respectively. As for aquaporins, aquaporin 1 was mainly expressed in the intestine and kidney, and aquaporin 3 was mainly expressed in the gills and intestine. In the gills, increased expression of aquaporin 3 was found after transfer to lower salinity and in the intestine and kidney, a decrease in salinity followed by an abrupt decrease in aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3. Contrastingly, the expression of these genes increased in the intestine after transfer to 30 psu. Osmoregulatory genes were expressed in diverse organs, apparently to overcome an influx or exhaust of water or ions. A superior adaptation ability of the river pufferfish to a wide range of salinities is most reasonably due to active osmoregulatory processes mediated by the genes monitored here.     

河蟹养殖技术之一提高亲蟹成活率及胚胎质量的技术措施

近年来,随着河蟹养殖业的发展,育苗过程中亲蟹的培育成为不可忽视的问题,亲蟹的抱卵率、抱卵量以及胚胎质量直接影响河蟹育苗的成败.笔者通过几年来的实践,总结出一套提高亲蟹成活率和胚胎质量的技术措施,并在育苗生产中取得成功,现将技术要领总结如下: