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1.
温度对菲律宾蛤仔滤食率、清滤率和吸收率的影响   总被引:20,自引:4,他引:16  
于1997年12月,1998年3月、7月,1999年8月在中国科学院海洋研究所实验室采用静水方法对9土0.1℃,16土0.5℃,22土0.2℃,26±0.6℃下菲律宾蛤仔的滤食率FR、清滤率CR、吸收率AE进行了测定。结果表明,在9~22℃温度范围内蛤仔滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均随温度的升高而增大,在22℃达到最大值,并且各温度间差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05)。当温度达到26℃时,滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均有所下降,但和22℃值比较差异并不显著(ANOVA,P>0.2)。说明蛤仔对温度有很强的适应能力,其生长最适温度为22℃左右。  相似文献   

2.
利用静水清滤法研究了盐度和温度对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)与合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝滤水率和摄食率的影响。试验分为4组,大1组:大珠母贝壳长(1.02±0.07)cm,大2组:大珠母贝壳长(2.94±0.17)cm;合1组:合浦珠母贝壳长(1.15±0.21)cm、合2组:合浦珠母贝壳长(3.08±0.36)cm。结果表明,随着盐度或温度的增加,4个组的滤水率和摄食率均先升高,到达最大值后又降低;其中,大1组在盐度27有最大滤水率(0.274±0.079) L/h,合1组在盐度30有最大滤水率(0.325±0.011) L/h,二者无显著性差异(P>0.05),大2组与合2组均在盐度33时有最大滤水率,分别为(0.660±0.027)L/h,(0.329±0.021)L/h,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。大珠母贝稚贝在盐度30时摄食率最大,合浦珠母贝在盐度33时摄食率最大,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两种稚贝在26℃时,滤水率和摄食率达到最大值,二者的最大滤水率之间或最大摄食率之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);随着贝体生长,大珠母贝的滤水率和摄食率显著高于合浦珠母贝,因此饵料需求量也更大;饵料不足可能是大珠母贝稚贝死亡的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
为探明钝缀锦蛤的摄食生理,以北海近海人工中间培育和养殖的钝缀锦蛤为试验材料,室内条件下采用试验生态法研究温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响。试验结果表明,在温度17~33℃条件下,滤食率随温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,滤食率(y)与水温(x)之间的回归方程为y=-4.338×10~(-3) x~3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999),同化率随着温度的升高而增大,温度对同化率的影响显著(P0.01);在盐度18~33条件下,滤食率随盐度的升高呈先增后降的趋势,盐度27~30时保持较高的滤食率,滤食率(y)与盐度(x)之间的回归方程为y=-0.027x~2+1.638x-19.52(r~2=0.994),同化率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度为30时同化率最高,盐度对同化率的影响显著(P0.01);滤食率随体质量增加而降低,体质量对同化率影响不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,钝缀锦蛤属典型热带和亚热带种群品种,适宜生活在温度和盐度较稳定的潮下带区域,非广温广盐性贝类。  相似文献   

4.
采用实验生态学方法研究了温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度对皱肋文蛤清滤率的影响,旨在为该贝养殖容量、摄食行为和能量学研究提供基础数据,以及为该贝在我国南方海域的健康养殖和推广提供依据。实验结果表明,皱肋文蛤清滤率随温度(13~33℃)、盐度(13~33)、pH(7~9)和饵料密度(2.5×104~10×104cell/ml)的变化而呈现峰值变化,各种环境因子对3种规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均具有极显著性影响(P<0.01)。当温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度分别为28℃、23、8和10×104cell/ml时,大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均达到最大值,分别为1.06、1.78和2.42 L/g.h,0.35、0.65和1.05 L/g.h,1.26、1.67和2.02 L/g.h,1.29、2.07和2.29 L/g.h,表明温度为28℃、盐度为23、pH为8、饵料密度为10×104cell/ml是皱肋文蛤最适宜的摄食环境条件。大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率对温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度敏感性均表现为大规格<中规格<小规格,揭示皱肋文蛤在适宜的环境条件下,中、小规格个体摄食活动频繁,生长旺盛。  相似文献   

5.
为探明魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的摄食规律,采用室内生态学试验方法,研究了水温(20、24、28、32 ℃)、盐度(16、20、24、28、32)和体质量对魁蚶滤水率的影响。结果表明,在水温20~32 ℃范围内,魁蚶滤水率随温度的升高呈先升后降的趋势,24 ℃时滤水率达到最大,显著高于其他温度(P<0.05),温度(x)与滤水率(y)间的关系可拟合为:y=0.054 8+0.045 0x-0.009 9x2,R2=0.734 3;在盐度16~32范围内,魁蚶滤水率随盐度的升高呈先升后降的变化趋势,盐度28时滤水率达到最大,为(0.341 8±0.026 6)L/(g·h),与盐度24时,滤水率差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他盐度(P<0.05),盐度(x)与滤水率(y)的关系可拟合为:y=0.021 0+0.171 2x-0.029 7x2,R2=0.955 1;魁蚶的滤水率与软体干质量呈负幂函数关系,滤水率随体质量的增加而增大,单位干组织质量的滤水率随体质量的增加而减小。  相似文献   

6.
采用静态法,以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为受试生物,研究了不同盐度(16、18、20、22和24)和pH(6.7、7.7、8.7、9.7和10.7)对文蛤滤水率和摄食率的影响.结果显示,在16-24盐度范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率随盐度增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,盐度为20组(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.51 L/g·h、6.65 mgPOM/g·h,显著高于盐度为16、18、22、24实验组(P<0.05),推测文蛤最适生长盐度范围为20左右.pH在6.7-10.7范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率均随pH增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,pH=8.7(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.04 L/g·h、11.91 mgPOM/g.h,显著高于6.7、9.7、10.7实验组(P<0.05),而与pH=7.7实验组差异并不显著(P>0.05),推测文蛤最适生长pH范围为7.7-8.7.研究结果可为文蛤池塘健康养殖提供参考.  相似文献   

7.
环境因子对缢蛏滤水率的影响   总被引:36,自引:2,他引:34  
潘鲁青 《水产学报》2002,26(3):226-230
采用实验生态学方法研究环境因子对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)滤水率的影响规律。结果表明:温度、盐度和pH对缢蛏的滤水率有极显著影响(F>F0.01)。当温度、pH值分别在15-30℃和6-9时,缢蛏的滤水率呈一个峰值变化,当温度为20℃、pH值为8时,其滤水率分别达到最大值;当盐度在6-30时,随着盐度的增大缢蛏的滤水率亦逐渐增高。  相似文献   

8.
采用静态法,以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为受试生物,研究了不同盐度(16、18、20、22和24)和pH(6.7、7.7、8.7、9.7和10.7)对文蛤滤水率和摄食率的影响。结果显示,在16–24盐度范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率随盐度增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,盐度为20组(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.51 L/g·h、6.65 mgPOM/g·h,显著高于盐度为16、18、22、24实验组(P0.05),推测文蛤最适生长盐度范围为20左右。pH在6.7–10.7范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率均随pH增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,pH=8.7(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.04 L/g·h、11.91 mg POM/g·h,显著高于6.7、9.7、10.7实验组(P0.05),而与pH=7.7实验组差异并不显著(P0.05),推测文蛤最适生长pH范围为7.7–8.7。研究结果可为文蛤池塘健康养殖提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
以辽宁盘锦蛤蜊岗四角蛤蜊与光滑河蓝蛤为研究对象,采用室内静水系统对其滤水率和摄食率进行测定。试验结果表明,不同盐度(16、18、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34)梯度下,两种贝类的滤水率和摄食率均随盐度的升高呈先升后降趋势。盐度32时,四角蛤蜊滤水率最大,为(0.265±0.032)L/(个·h),盐度(x)与滤水率(y)关系为y=-0.0041x2+0.0681x-0.0181(r2=0.9893);盐度30时,摄食率最大,为(3.12±0.89)mg/(个·h),盐度(x)与摄食率(y)关系为y=-0.0481x2+0.7965x-0.1862(r2=0.9975)。盐度30时,光滑河蓝蛤的滤水率和摄食率均最大,分别为(0.112±0.029)L/(个·h)和(1.91±0.49)mg/(个·h),盐度与滤水率关系为y=-0.0016x2+0.0262x-0.0010(r2=0.9940),盐度与摄食率关系为y=-0.0326x2+0.5038x-0.0247(r2=0.9816)。试验结果表明,盐度对两种贝类的滤水率和摄食率有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
利用静水清滤法研究了盐度与温度对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)和合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝滤水率及摄食率的影响。试验分为4组,大1组:大珠母贝壳长(1.02±0.07)cm,大2组:大珠母贝壳长(2.94±0.17)cm;合1组:合浦珠母贝壳长(1.15±0.21)cm、合2组:合浦珠母贝壳长(3.08±0.36)cm。结果表明,随着盐度或温度的增加,4个组的滤水率和摄食率均先升高,到达最大值后又降低;其中,大1组在盐度27有最大滤水率(0.274±0.079)L/h,合1组在盐度30有最大滤水率(0.325±0.011)L/h,二者无显著性差异(P0.05),大2组与合2组均在盐度33时有最大滤水率,分别为(0.660±0.027)L/h和(0.329±0.021)L/h,二者有显著性差异(P0.05)。大珠母贝稚贝在盐度30时摄食率最大,合浦珠母贝在盐度33时摄食率最大,二者有显著性差异(P0.05)。2种稚贝在26℃时,滤水率和摄食率达到最大值,二者的最大滤水率和最大摄食率之间均有显著性差异(P0.05);随着贝体生长,大珠母贝的滤水率和摄食率显著高于合浦珠母贝,因此饵料需求量也更大;饵料不足可能是大珠母贝稚贝死亡的重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
对企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪进行了提取和测定。结果表明,企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪含量分别为8.3%和9.6%。企鹅珍珠贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量为39.71%,比马氏珠母贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量(30.86%)高。2种珍珠贝软体部脂肪酸均具有重要的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

12.
企鹅珍珠贝珍珠培育技术的研究现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了企鹅珍珠贝的生物学特性,对国内外企鹅珍珠贝人工育苗、养殖、育珠、遗传和病害防治技术研究现状进行了综述,提出了研究建议。  相似文献   

13.
广东雷州流沙湾养殖企鹅珍珠贝多毛类寄生虫病的调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对流沙湾养殖的企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)多毛类寄生虫病进行了调查。结果显示,锥形笼养殖2~4年的企鹅珍珠贝母贝多毛类寄生虫病感染率为39.13%~44.98%,开放式养殖2~4年为26.6%~35.63%,同一养殖方式各龄母贝多毛类寄生虫病感染率之间差异不显著(P>0.05);养殖时间两年时,多毛类寄生虫病的感染率与养殖方式之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);养殖时间3年和4年时,多毛类寄生虫病的感染率与养殖方式之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。锥形笼养殖的企鹅珍珠贝左壳较易感染多毛类寄生虫病。企鹅珍珠贝感染多毛类寄生虫病后,其生长与健康贝相比,无显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

14.
运用生物素与链霉亲和素的强亲和性原理,用生物素-磁珠吸附微卫星富集法,筛选企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)的微卫星分子标记序列,进而对南海区企鹅珍珠贝的遗传多样性进行分析。对136个菌落中的85个阳性克隆进行微卫星测序,获得64个序列,达到85.93%。所得到的55个重复6次以上的微卫星序列中,除生物素探针中...  相似文献   

15.
7种珍珠贝RAPD鉴别标记的初步研究   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9  
采用RAPD分子标记技术对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、黑珠母贝、白珠母贝、合浦珠母贝、长耳珠母贝和珍珠贝属的企鹅珍珠贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析。从21个OPM和S系列中筛选出4个引物,共扩增出57个位点,每条引物平均产生14·3个位点。扩增片段大小在250~2000bp间,平均每种贝每条引物产生4·9条带。其中引物S10对7种珍珠贝的RAPD产物呈现出物种的特异性,可同时将7种珍珠贝分开,其余引物可以将2种或2种以上的珍珠贝区别开来。引物S10可以作为种间鉴定的标记。  相似文献   

16.
There is a particular interest in Mexico for the grow-out and breeding in captivity of the native oyster Crassostrea corteziensis. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the effect of temperature and salinity on the feeding physiology that maximizes the growth and eventually achieves the maturation of C. corteziensis. Our aim was to evaluate the filtration and clearance rates, oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion rates, assimilation efficiency, and scope for growth of the oyster C. corteziensis acclimated during 2 weeks to different combinations of temperature (23, 26, 29, and 32 °C) and salinity (20, 30, 40, and 50 psu). Oysters were fed with a standard suspension of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri as total particulate matter, which was supplied at 4.2 L h?1 into 10 1-L tanks used as experimental chambers. The results showed that filtration and clearance rates increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, with the highest values obtained at 29 °C and 20 psu. Ammonium excretion and, to lesser extent, oxygen consumption matched with the variations in the feeding rate. The values of the scope for growth (SFG) suggested that C. corteziensis is able to grow out in all combinations of temperatures and salinities tested in this work. However, the SFG decreased at higher salinity (50 psu) in both extreme temperatures (23 and 32 °C), with highest value occurring at intermediate temperature and the lowest salinity. The SFG increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, which was explained by the increase in the feeding rates and ammonium excretion, coupled with higher absorption efficiency of the food. We concluded that higher filtrations and scope for growth of oysters occurred at 29 °C in brackish-water (20 psu) rather than in marine-water conditions. The results obtained can be considered highly useful information for aquacultural management of this oyster species, and useful to establish suitable sites to enhance their cultivation and maximize the growth of C. corteziensis.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT:   To assess the roles of the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata in material cycling in the northern part of Ariake Sound (Mae-no-umi), Japan, filtration of the ark shell fed on small diatoms was examined as a function of environmental and biological variables. The clearance rate ( CR ) specific to the soft-body dry weight ( w ) of the animals (shell length, 8–26 mm) followed a power function of w with an exponent of −0.35. Over the range of 10–20°C, CR increased 2.7 times, and filtration did not occur below a salinity of 14 practical salinity unit. Neither food concentration (10–40 µg/L of chlorophyll- a ) nor weight-specific daily ration (0.5–6%/day in terms of ash-free dry weight) notably affected CR . Using this information on CR as well as data regarding abundance and size distribution, the population filtration rate was calculated to be 1.6 m3/m2 per day in the ark-shell culturing ground of Mae-no-umi (mean water depth, ∼3 m), corresponding to the potential to locally process a volume of water equivalent to the water column within 2 days. Because the culturing ground accounts for 12% of Mae-no-umi (mean water depth, ∼8 m), the ark shell seems to play an important role in its material cycling.  相似文献   

18.
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.  相似文献   

19.
3种珍珠贝的外套膜小片外表皮细胞的超微结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用透射电子显微镜对合浦珠母贝(Pinctadafucata)、大珠母贝(Pinctadamaxima)和企鹅珍珠贝(Pteriapenguin)的外套膜小片外表皮超微结构进行比较观察,发现都是单层柱状表皮,由3类细胞构成,即柱状表皮细胞、粘液细胞和嗜酸性粒分泌细胞。柱状表皮细胞是贝壳和珍珠组份的主要合成和转运者,据其结构和功能的差异可细分为A、B、C3型。粘液细胞和嗜酸性粒分泌细胞呈杯状或不规则,体积巨大,细胞质稀少,核的形态亦不固定,前者的胞体全由电子透明泡占据,后者含有大量嗜酸性的电子稠密颗粒。这2类细胞的主要功能是参与物质转运,它们在邻近表皮的结缔组织中也有分布,可作变形运动穿越基膜进入上皮层。  相似文献   

20.
In this study, the energy budget of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, was evaluated after one-week acclimation periods at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Small clams (151 ± 12 mg DW) and large clams (353 ± 16 mg DW) were fed with the microalgae, Isochrysis galbana. Filtration rate, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, oxygen-consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate were measured. Both filtration rate and ingestion rate of small and large clams were found to be related to temperature. The highest Q 10 values were measured in the range 15–20°C for both small and large clams. Assimilation efficiency of both small and large clams was not significantly influenced by temperature, although the maximum mean values were detected at 20°C. Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of small and large clams were found to be related directly to temperature over the entire range, with a maximum being detected at 25°C. The highest Q 10 value was estimated in the range 10–15°C with regard to oxygen consumption rate, and in the range of 15–20°C with regard to ammonia excretion rate. Scope for growth (SFG) was positive at all temperatures, achieving a maximum value at 20°C in both small and large clams, primarily as a consequence of the enhanced ingestion rate which offset the concomitant elevation in the metabolic rate. In this study we have estimated the thermal optimum for this species at 20°C.  相似文献   

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