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1.
在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)-日本对虾(Penaeus japonicas)混养系统(SC)中, 分别搭养低(SCC1)、中 (SCC2)、高(SCC3)密度的缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta), 构建 3 种三疣梭子蟹-日本对虾-缢蛏综合养殖系统, 于 2020 年 7 月至 12 月逐月采集养殖系统样品, 分析了养殖期间浮游植物的群落结构特征, 并利用典范对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)探讨了浮游植物群落结构变化与环境因子的关系。结果显示: (1)养殖期间共鉴定出浮游植物 6 门 54 属 81 种; 从种的数量上看, 硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)>甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)>蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)>绿藻门(Chlorophyta)> 裸藻门(Euglenophyta)>隐藻门(Cryptophyta); 共包含 30 种优势种, 主要包括小环藻属未定种(Cyclotella sp.)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、双头辐节藻(Stauroneis anceps)、小席藻(Phormidium tenus)、小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)及裸藻属未定种(Euglena sp.); (2)养殖期间浮游植物密度介于 2.23×105 ~28.06×105 cell/L, 生物量为 0.06~21.37 mg/L, Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数范围为 0.90~2.42, Pielou 均匀度指数范围为 0.31~0.78, Margalef 丰富度指数范围为 1.00~2.08, 整体多样性水平高, 群落较为稳定; (3) CCA 与 RDA 结果显示, 水温、透明度和盐度是影响三疣梭子蟹综合养殖系统浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。在三疣梭子蟹-日本对虾混养系统中搭配中密度(75.0 kg/hm2 )和高密度(112.5 kg/hm2 )缢蛏时, 系统浮游植物群落多样性较好, 可实现浮游植物的均衡发展, 增强养殖系统的抗干扰能力, 有利于三疣梭子蟹池塘综合养殖系统的稳定。  相似文献   

2.
杞麓湖位于云南省通海县城郊,是受人类干扰较为严重的高原浅水型湖泊之一。为了解杞麓湖的浮游植物群落结构及富营养化现状,于2021年对杞麓湖浮游植物和富营养化相关水质参数进行了4次调查,并对其鱼产力进行了评估。结果显示:杞麓湖浮游植物有8门116属213种,其中绿藻门种类数最多,有118种;伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.)为全年优势种,且优势度较大;浮游植物密度和生物量均值分别为(50.442±4.479)×107 ind./L和(20.132±2.208) mg/L,均以蓝藻门为主;非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明浮游植物群落结构存在显著的季节差异;浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的均值分别为1.691±0.081、0.490±0.021和1.537±0.066;综合营养状态指数(TLI)均值为76.3,显示杞麓湖处于重度富营养状态;杞麓湖浮游植物可提供的鱼产力为1 843.59 t。综上所述,杞麓湖富营养化严重,湖区藻类密度较高且利用率偏低,建议加大鲢(Hypophthalmic...  相似文献   

3.
于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b  相似文献   

4.
宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b  相似文献   

5.
为探究淮河流域西淝河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,在2016年和2017年冬季(2月)、春季(4月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)对淮河流域西淝河浮游植物群落结构特征进行研究。结果显示,共鉴定出浮游植物236种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门、103属。其中,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)最多,有37属、83种,占浮游植物物种总数的35.17%;其次为硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)28属、78种,占33.05%;蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)20属、40种,占16.95%。浮游植物群落结构组成及变化显示,蓝藻门物种的细胞密度占绝对优势,其次为绿藻门,分别占总细胞密度的57.04%、17.66%。硅藻门物种的相对生物量最大,其次为绿藻门,分别占总生物量的35.69%和28.81%,且浮游植物细胞密度与生物量均在夏季达到最大值。浮游植物细胞密度为(7.24±1.13)×10~7个/L,生物量年均值为(34.08±3.20) mg/L。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数为3.27~4.66、2.75~6.10和0.73~0.94。Pearson相关性与RDA分析表明,影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子有溶解氧、水温、水生植被盖度、电导率、营养盐和透明度。研究结果可为揭示淮河流域浮游植物群落结构特征提供基础理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
为了解过水型湖荡群浮游植物群落与水质变化特征,探究望虞河西岸湖荡群浮游植物时空分布及其环境影响因子,基于生物多样性分析、Pearson线性相关性分析、冗余分析(RDA)方法,于2018年9月—2019年7月对望虞河西岸湖荡群(宛山荡、嘉凌荡、鹅真荡、漕湖)的浮游植物和水环境因子进行采样调查分析,结果表明:①四个湖荡水质均处于GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》V类~劣V类水平,超标指标为TN和CODCr,春季优于其他季节。 ②湖荡群共鉴定浮游植物8门68属152种(含变种、变形),其中硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门最多;主要优势种包括小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)等;年均生物量为13.48 mg/L,年均藻细胞密度为15.25×106 cells/L;湖荡群浮游植物多样性指数呈秋高夏低趋势,处于中污染型至重污染型的过渡状态,其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数多介于2~3之间,Pielou均匀度指数为0.5~0.8,Margalef丰富度指数处于1~2之间。 ③Pearson相关性分析与RDA分析结果表明,影响浮游植物的主要环境因子为WT(水温)、NH4+-N和NO3--N。 研究显示,望虞河西岸湖荡群浮游植物空间分布不均、季节特征明显,与太湖相比,优势种相近且多样性指数较好,但湖荡群水质较差,建议持续监测并加强针对性措施。  相似文献   

7.
基于集约化生产的池塘循环流水养殖系统(In-pond raceway system, IPRS)是一种新兴的养殖模式,为进一步了解该系统水体循环过程中的生态结构动态,揭示系统内净水区水质的变化特点,文章研究了养殖草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)的池塘循环流水系统中生长季浮游植物群落结构的空间变化特征,并通过冗余分析研究了浮游植物群落结构变化与环境因子的关系。该系统在生长季共鉴定出浮游植物7门99种,主要由蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门、隐藻门、甲藻门和金藻门组成。其中绿藻门种类数最多(54种),其次为蓝藻门(18种)。系统中不同区域的浮游植物群落结构不同,净化区中段浮游植物的密度及生物量最高,净化区蓝藻门的密度及生物量较养殖区有所增加。池塘不同区域的蓝藻门相对密度均远高于绿藻门及硅藻门。从净化区前端至后端,蓝藻门的相对密度逐渐增加,绿藻及硅藻的相对密度逐渐下降。冗余分析结果显示,影响循环系统中浮游植物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是温度和氮、磷营养盐。  相似文献   

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以南通市崇川区浮游植物为研究对象,利用定性与定量分析方法,根据河面宽度、流速、底质类型、环境异质性和人类干扰强度等因素设置采样点,对浮游植物多样性特征及群落结构进行分析。结果表明,崇川区水系中绿藻门、蓝藻门和硅藻门为藻类组成主要种类,藻类组成随时间变化较为明显,温度降低,藻类的代谢活动减弱,种类减少,另外也与光照强度、营养盐有显著关系;藻类密度和生物量随季节变化较为明显,夏季藻类密度和生物量显著高于秋季;浮游植物多样性指数与综合水质标识指数呈负相关,水质污染情况越严重,浮游植物的多样性指数越低。  相似文献   

9.
对大渡河河口春秋季的浮游植物群落结构特征进行了调查,共采集到浮游植物6门、53属、157种;其中,硅藻种类最多,共109种,占总数的69.43%,其次是绿藻和蓝藻.左侧汊河和青衣江浮游植物种类较多.优势度分析显示,大渡河河口浮游植物优势种季节演替明显.浮游植物平均密度和生物量分别为469 040个/L和0.9051mg/L,均以硅藻最高.浮游植物密度春季高于秋季,生物量则春季低于秋季,青衣江浮游植物密度和生物量较干流低.大渡河河口多样性指数春季平均为3.1728,秋季平均为3.3547;均匀度指数春季平均为0.5300,秋季平均为0.5749.秋季浮游植物多样性指数和优势度均高于春季,青衣江两指标均较干流低.  相似文献   

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2010年6-10月对江西省南昌市蒋巷镇太子河养殖水域浮游植物进行调查.结果表明,太子河有浮游植物5门、74种;其中,绿藻门种类数最多(占藻类总种数的48.64%),其次是蓝藻门(29.72%)和硅藻门(14.86%).10月的浮游植物种类最多,其次为9月和8月,7月最少.浮游植物密度7月最高,为313×105个/L,其余月份浮游植物密度相差不大,变化范围为(79 ~ 101)×105个/L,蓝藻门微囊藻属是绝对优势种.浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及均匀度指数7月最低,分别为0.10、0.03,其余月份Shannon-Wiener指数范围为0.37 ~0.69,均匀度指数范围为0.10 ~0.18.综合分析浮游植物密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,太子河水体存在富营养化.浮游植物对鲢鳙的鱼产力估算为12.675 kg/hm2.  相似文献   

11.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
Argopecten irradians is one of the most important commercial species of Pectinidae family in China. The internal defense system of mollusks consists of circulating haemocytes. In order to characterize the haemocytes of the scallop A. irradians, light and electron microscopical studies were carried out. Four types of haemocytes were recognized: type I small hyalinocytes (2.38 ± 0.08 μm, 30-35%), type II large hyalinocytes (4.41 ± 0.33 μm, 15-20%), type III small granulocytes (4.15 ± 0.26 μm, 20-25%), and type IV large granulocytes (8.26 ± 0.52 μm, 25-30%). Granulocyte types showed smaller N/C ratios than hyalinocytes. The mean haemocyte concentration was about (3.75 ± 0.65) × 107 cells ml− 1 of haemolymph. Among haemocytes, 44.7% are granular and 55.3% are agranular. These gave a relatively systematic classification scheme for haemocytes of A. irradians. Three types of granules were identified: type I, with high electron-density; type II, with low electron-density; and type III, with a middle level of electron-density, based on TEM studies. Different haemocyte types were not separated with DDGC of Percoll in this study. Both granulocytes and hyalinocytes showed a phagocytic response to the two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and RLOs. The phagocytic ability of granulocyte was significantly higher (41-48%) than that of hyalinocyte (9.2-11.2%).  相似文献   

15.
Adult common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, are small (total length =  30–120 mm), benthic fish commonly found in the littoral zones of New Zealand lakes where they are a major prey species for trout and eels. Differences in their relative abundance (CPUE) were determined between 21 shallow North Island lakes. Mean CPUE ranged from 2 to >  1000 fish net− 1 night− 1 and was inversely related to water transparency. The abundance of bullies was not reduced in lakes containing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but was reduced in all lakes containing self-recruiting populations of eels, Anguilla spp. Mean densities of planktonic larval bullies in the limnetic zone were also inversely related to water transparency. Since low water transparency is related to increased trophic status for these lakes, the abundance of bullies is likely to be related to lake productivity, rather than turbidity.  相似文献   

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The spiny lobster Panulirus argus is of ecological and commercial importance in the South Florida coast of the continental USA and throughout the Intra‐Americas Sea. Essential spiny lobster habitat in South Florida is primarily located in the Florida Keys coastal zone (including the Dry Tortugas), where the dynamic regional circulation coupled with the long planktonic larval duration (6–12 months) of P. argus raises questions of larval retention and recruitment. Locally spawned phyllosomata entrained in the Florida Current are likely to be expatriated out of the Straits of Florida, which implies that the local spiny lobster population is sustained by the transport of larval recruits from upstream locations. We examined the physical processes that may influence recruitment. Transport processes in the Keys coastal zone are spatially variable. Observed and modelled data suggest that the upper Keys is a point of onshore larval transport via the inshore meandering of the Florida Current, and the lower Keys to Dry Tortugas region apoint of retention through wind‐driven onshore/countercurrents and eddy recirculation. Eddies that propagate between the Dry Tortugas and the lower Keys facilitate the exchange of larvae between the Florida Current and the coastal zone. Northerly wind events associated with cold fronts can enhance recirculation of larvae in the upper Keys. The association of older larvae with the Florida Current front supports the hypothesis that spiny lobster larval recruits come from upstream sources in the Caribbean.  相似文献   

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The dietary requirements of Penaeus monodon for eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3; DHA) acids were examined. These requirements were examined when dietary levels of linoleic (18:2n‐6; LOA) and linolenic acids (18:3n‐3; LNA) were also provided at previously established optimal levels of 14 and 21% respectively of the total lipid fatty acids. A 5 × 5 factorial design was used with incremental amounts (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% of total fatty acids) of EPA and/or DHA. An additional diet containing cod‐liver oil was provided as a reference diet. The total lipid content of all of the 25 treatments and reference diets was maintained at the same level of 75 g kg?1. Growth of prawns fed with the reference diet after 50 days was 244 ± 21%. The greatest response to singular additions of EPA or DHA was with a 12% inclusion of either fatty acid, resulting in 287 ± 21 and 293 ± 18% weight gain, respectively. Growth was generally better when combinations of EPA and DHA were used, the optimal combination being EPA 4% and DHA 4%, resulting in 335 ± 25% weight gain. Addition of high levels of either of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the diet had a negative effect on growth. Digestibilities of the total neutral lipid and specific fatty acids were examined during the growth trials. The digestibility of total neutral lipid was usually higher when either or both HUFA were present, however there were few significant differences between treatments that contained either or both HUFA. Following the growth trials, digestive glands (DG) of prawns fed with the various diets were analysed to determine the total lipid content and fatty acid composition. Total lipid in the digestive gland increased with the inclusion of DHA, but was not significantly affected by the addition of EPA. The fatty acid composition of the digestive gland lipid generally reflected that of the diet. However, the maximum retention of EPA (11.1% of total DG fatty acids) and DHA (10.7% of total DG fatty acids), was not directly proportional to the amount of either fatty acid present in the diet. These results demonstrate that both EPA and DHA have considerable growth promoting capacity. This growth promoting capacity is enhanced when an optimal balance of both fatty acids are incorporated into the diet.  相似文献   

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