高寒地区蓝鳃太阳鱼养殖技术研究

本探讨了蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus)在高寒地区的生长成活状况。实验结果表明，在东北地区蓝鳃太阳鱼夏季养殖成活率可以达到85%（单养）和65%（混养），6-8月生长速度较好，混养比单养生长速度快，冰下可以安全越冬。     

动物病毒细胞受体研究及应用

细胞受体是介导病毒入侵的决定因素。本文阐述动物病毒与细菌受体间的关系，一般来说二者之间是一对一，但也有多个病毒共用一个受体或一个病毒有多个受体的情况。病毒与受体的相互作用启动子病毒的生命特环，包括结合和进入的过程；一些寻找病毒受体的直接观察法及分子生物法。介绍了一些已经确定的病毒受体及其在对虾病毒病研究中的应用。     

青海省民和县马营镇牦牛寄生虫区系调查

采用寄生虫剖检法对民和县马营镇牦牛的寄生虫进行寄生虫种类和数量的调查,结果表明:发现线虫20种、绦虫1种、牛皮蝇1种、虱蝇1种。单体荷虫量达289条,普通奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia Cricumcincta)为优势虫种,感染率为100%,感染强度为104(11-180)。     

兽用喹诺酮类药物——奥比沙星

本文简述了奥比沙星的体外抗菌活性、药物动力学参数、用药剂量规定、生物利用度及休药期等,并与恩诺沙星和单诺沙星一一作了比较。     

Ability of salmon growth hormone to accelerate somatic growth of juvenil abalone Haliotis discus hannai

ABSTRACT:   The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles.     

Some Protozoan and Metazoan Parasites of the Amberjack From the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean)

A survey of protozoan and metazoan parasites of wild amberjack (Seriola dumerili) from the Balearic Sea revealed one myxozoan (Myxobolus sp.), one monogenean (Heteraxine heterocerca), 10 trematodes (Bucephalus polymorphus, Prosorhynchus crucibulum, Bucephalopsis sp., Hemiurus communis, Aponurus sp., Acanthocolpus Iiodorus, Stephanozostomum pristis, Nematobothrium scombri, Wedlia bipartita, Paradeontacylix sp.), one nematode (Philometra globiceps), one copepod (Caligus curtus) and one isopod (Gnathia vorax larva) species to be present. The prevalence and intensity of infection and the distribution of each species is described. Their possible interactions with farmed amberjack are discussed.     

Low-Temperature Tolerance of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma: Effect of Salinity

Abstract.— Two studies were conducted to examine the influence of salinity on low-temperature tolerance of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma . Juveniles (3.4 g ± 1.2 g in study one; 32.8 g ± 34.8 g in study two) were acclimated to 20 C at salinities of 1, S, 10, 20 and 30% o in study one and 1, 10 and 30% o in study two. Temperature was then decreased approximately 1 C per day to a nominal 4 C and 2 C, in studies one and two. respectively. Fish were subjected to the low temperatures for 10 d and then returned to the initial temperature (20 C) at a rate of approximately 1 C per day. Mortality ranged from 0 to 10% in study one and from 30 to 100% in study two and was significantly affected by salinity. Results of this research suggest that the chronic low-level tolerance limit is between 2 and 4 C and that increased salinity offers some mitigating effect.     

“水磁化”增氧机在池塘养鱼高产中的使用效果

目前,我国的增氧设备其种类和规格繁多,而从设计到生产一般还只停留在机械性能上。国外于七十年代便出现了磁化增氧,从生物学角度开辟了新的研究领域,但是有关研制和使用的报导甚少。南京市水产研究所、南京大学生物系、南京大学现代化分析中心和无锡市凯灵电泵厂从物理、生物等多学科的角度进行了一番探索,从而研制成“水磁化”增氧机。经过一年的生产实践,新开的鱼池的亩产量达到612.7公斤,比使用叶轮增氧机的对照池(639.7公斤)提高14%。     

Light and electron microscope observations on extrasporogonic and sporogonic stages of a myxosporean parasite of the genus Sphaerospora Thelohan, 1892 from Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L., in Scotland

Abstract. Juvenile Atlantic salmon from a number of freshwater hatcheries in Scotland were found to be infected by a myxosporean parasite of the genus Sphaerospora. Fish first became infected in June by extrasporogonic stages which could be found in the blood and kidney interstitium. These consisted of a primary cell containing one to over one hundred secondary cells. Some secondary cells contained one or two tertiary cells. Sporogony was disporous and occurred later in the kidney tubules. The development of both extrasporogonic and sporogonic stages was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy.     

双歧杆菌的研究进展

双歧杆菌是人和动物肠道内最重要的生理性细菌之一,在微生物学上属于原籍菌,它与其他生理性细菌成员构成了微生物群落,并与宿主构成一个微生态系统,它具有维持生态平衡、生物拮抗、免疫调节和营养等多方面的生理功能。双歧杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性的专性厌氧菌,具有革兰氏阳性菌的典型生物学特征。本文就双歧杆菌的生物学特征、生理功能、应用及发展前景做一综述。     

The effects of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and bronze bream, Abramis brama (L.), on insect emergence and benthic invertebrate abundance in experimental ponds

Abstract The effects of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and bronze bream, Abramis brama (L.), predation on the production of insects emerging at the water surface and the autumn biomass of benthic macro-invertebrates were assessed in a series of experimental ponds. The study attempted to discover whether fish affect food availability for diving and dabbling ducks in freshwater habitats. Ten ponds (bisected by fine netting) were used for the study: one was left totally fish-free, whilst one half of each of three groups of three ponds was stocked with either perch, bream or perch plus bream. The relative abundance of emerging insects (mainly Chironomidae) was significantly reduced in two perch ponds, two perch + bream ponds and two bream ponds. The autumn standing crops of benthic macroinvertebrates were significantly reduced in one perch pond, three bream ponds and one perch plus bream pond. These results support findings of a contemporaneous large bio-manipulation experiment carried out in two adjacent lakes. During the biomanipulation studies, aquatic invertebrate standing stocks greatly increased after the removal of fish and decreased following restocking.     

Production Costs of Juvenile Penaeid Shrimp in an Intensive Greenhouse Raceway Nursery System

This analysis compared the use of an intensive nursery raceway system with direct stocking of post-larval shrimp into growout ponds. The intensive raceway system allows two crops to be produced in Texas where only one crop is feasible with direct stocking. Both investment and operational costs are analyzed for three types of greenhouses and three types of raceways where the types vary in cost and lengths of life. Three growout pond stocking densities and two farm sizes were evaluated for each combination of greenhouse and raceway type. Investment costs ranged from $142,000 for the small farm using the least expensive greenhouse and raceway and utilizing the lowest stocking density, to about $2.3 million for the large farm using the most expensive greenhouse and raceway and the highest stocking density in the growout ponds. The operational cost was $7.60 and $9.71 respectively per 1,000 one gram juveniles produced. Under technology available at the time of this analysis, direct stocking growout ponds with PIS and producing one crop per year is more profitable than stocking one gram juveniles and producing two crops per year on the Texas coast.     

A histopathological disease survey of cultured shrimp in North East Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract. A disease survey was conducted in North East Sumatera, Indonesia, during June and July 1991. The objeet was to obtain information regarding the diseases present in shrimp culture faeilities. Shrimp were sampled for histopathological examination and details of the farm management and environment were recorded. The stocks sampled included some reported to be suffering from disease problems and some reported to be in good health. Samples were taken from 24 pond farms, five hatcheries and a broodstock fisherman. All farms and hatcheries cultured Penaeus monodon Fabricius, one farm also cultured Penaeus merguiensis de Mann, and two cultured Metapenaeus spp. Several wild caught P. monodon female broodstoek and some wild rice shrimp ( Acetes spp.) were also sampled. The disease conditions detected in P. monodon were monodon baculovirus (MBV), hepatopancreatic parvo-likc virus (HPV), septic hcpatopancreatic necrosis (SHN), bacterial septicaemia (BS), haernocytie enteritis (HE), lymphoid organ pathology (LOP), external fouling organisms (EFO), and a single unconfirmed case of infectious hypodcrmal and haemopoietic necrosis (IHHN). The Acetes spp. from one site had a microsporidean infection in the striated muscle of the abdomen. EFO was the most common disease condition, and was identified in 16 farms and three hatcheries. MBV was detected in 14 farms, three hatcheries and in one broodstoek. SHN was found in 13 farms with one case of concurrent BS and LOP was found in eight farms. HE was found in four farms and HPV was identified in shrimp with MBV on two farms and as the only disease in one broodstoek. The significance and implications of these findings for the developing industry in Indonesia arc discussed.     

6-甲氨基嘌呤诱导栉孔扇贝三倍体的细胞学机理

以６０ｍｇ／Ｌ的６－甲氨基嘌呤（简称６－ＤＭＡＰ）诱发栉孔扇贝三倍体时,在荧光显微镜下观察受精卵的染色体行为以及核相组成,对照三倍体率和孵化率,探讨了不同减数分裂期６－ＤＭＡＰ处理对染色体倍数性的影响。结果表明,处理５￣１５ｍｉｎ可见３种类型图像,第１种图像可见第一极体和一个雌性原核及雄性原核;第２种图像可见第一极体和两雌性原核及一个雄性原核;第３种图像可见两个雌性原核和一个雄性原枋,随着处理时间     

Aeromonas salmonicida in Finland: pathological problems associated with atypical and typical strains

Abstract. Aeromonas salmonicida was studied at fish farms producing salmonid smolts in northern and central Finland from 1982 onwards. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been causing epizootics in salmon, Salmo salar L., and trout, S. trutta L., at two coastal farms in northern Finland sinee 1986, involving 1–29% mortality in the fish-rearing units affceted. The disease causes more serious losses of sea trout yearlings and brood fish than of salmon. The achromogenic atypical A. salmonicida proved to be the most common bacterial disease in brown and sea trout at one farm in northern Finland throughout the period, causing constant heavy losses, mainly of fingerlings, especially in 1982–1986. It was found only occasionally in central Finland. Pigment-producing atypical A_- salmonicida caused mortality among brown trout at one farm in northern Finland and one in central Finland.     

Intraspecific diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Undaria pinnatifida</Emphasis> (Harvey) Suringar (Laminariales,Phaeophyta) from Japan,China and Korea,based on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">cox1</Emphasis> gene and ITS2 sequences

As a trial to develop a method of authenticating the place of origin of circulated Undaria pinnatifida products, we investigated their intraspecific genetic diversity using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence. Four dried U. pinnatifida products labeled with their origins (one from Japan, one from China and two from Korea), natural plants collected from three locations (two from Japan and one from China), and cultivated plants collected from two locations (one from Japan and one from China) were used in the present study. The amplified fragments of cox1 were 664 bp in length, and the aligned sequences were highly homologous. Among the nine sequences, no insertions or deletions were found and six substitution positions were detected, and they were classified into five haplotypes. In contrast, multiple highly variable regions were found in ITS2, and some of them carried a restriction site for Mbo II. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed different restricted profiles among the tested samples. The availability of molecular markers for authenticating food products of U. pinnatifida is discussed.     

Conservation genetics and management of yellowtail snapper,Ocyurus chrysurus,in the US Caribbean and South Florida

Abstract Population‐genetic structure and average long‐term effective size of yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch), sampled offshore from the Florida Keys and four localities in the US Caribbean, were investigated using nuclear‐encoded microsatellites and a fragment of the mitochondrially encoded ND‐4 gene. Analysis of spatial genetic variation revealed occurrence of up to four groupings (stocks) of yellowtail snapper: one in the Florida Keys, one along the west coast of Puerto Rico, one that includes the east coast of Puerto Rico and St. Thomas and one offshore of St. Croix. The observed genetic differences among localities are not strong, and additional sampling to examine whether the observed patterns of population structure are temporally stable is warranted. Levels of genetic variability and estimates of average, long‐term effective size (N_e) indicate that yellowtail snapper at all five localities have, at present, sufficient genetic variation to maintain long‐term integrity and sustainability.     

大珠母贝基因转移的电击参数

将大珠母贝精子经不同脉冲循环数、脉冲数和不同脉冲幅度处理后，与卵子受精，然后观察受精和发育情况并进行统计分析，根据受精率确定最佳参数组合为：脉冲循环数6、脉冲数2^8和脉冲幅度6KV。此前用电击参数为脉冲循环数6、脉冲数2^7和脉冲幅度10KV进行了大珠母贝转基因实验，获得转基因阳性贝。     

Effect of feeding rate on fatty acid composition of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

The effects of different feeding rates on the lipids fatty acid profile of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) tissues were studied. During a 15‐day period, four fish groups were allowed to feed to satiation, at two‐thirds and one‐third of satiety, and starved, respectively. Reducing food intake progressively increased the n‐3:n‐6 relationship by increase of n‐3 (mainly Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) and decrease of n‐6 fatty acid percentages. In perivisceral fat, this n‐3:n‐6 value was already statistically significant lower for the group fed to satiety (1.29 versus 1.71, 1.80 and 1.65 for the two‐third‐fed, one‐third‐fed and fasted groups, respectively), whereas in the white muscle (1.69 versus 2.13 and 2.12) and liver (0.83 versus 1.40 and 2.66) the differences were statistically significant only for the one‐third‐fed and fasted groups. Linoleic acid was the main contributor to the n‐6 drop, whereas the n‐3 fatty acids preferentially preserved were for the most part essential fatty acids. Fat quality indices (thrombogenic and atherogenic) were not affected by food restriction except for liver, being the former significantly lower in the one‐third‐fed and fasted groups. Food intake restriction to one‐third of satiety levels was enough to trigger the mechanisms that preserve essential fatty acids.     

Differences in larval growth among families of Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson and P. vannamei Boone

Abstract. Full-sib families of Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson and Penaeus vannamei Boone were grown under controlled conditions in five experiments. Total length of shrimp larvae was measured at the following substages: protozoea one, mysis one and postlarva one. Analysis of variance showed that families differed significantly in size in all experiments at all substages tested. The average size possessed by a group of larvae early in development was significantly correlated with the size obtained in the later stages in P. siylirosiris , but not in P. vannamei . The component of variance in size due to family differences was determined and used to estimate heritabilities of size at the three larval substages in both species. Estimated heritabilities were higher for P. stylirostris than P. vannamei . In P. vannamei . the hcritability of size is greater for the protozoea and postlarval stages than the mysis stage.