首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
This study examined the effects of different hydraulic loading rates on the treatment efficiency of subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands treating effluents from trout farming over a period of 6 months. Six identical wetland cells with a pre-sedimentation zone of 9.6 m2 and a root zone of 23.6 m2 were loaded with effluents from intensive trout farming (> 2.1 kg feeding stuff per L/s and day). The total runoff of 13.2 L/s was treated in the wetland cells, where two duplicate cells received equal hydraulic loads of 3.9, 1.8 and 0.9 L/s. All examined wetland cells had significant treatment effects on the nutrient fractions containing particulate matter [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS)].

Efficiency was between 5.5% for TN and 90.1% for TSS. The SSF wetland also had a high treatment effect on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), with efficiencies of 61.2 to 87.8%. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) and phosphate phosphorous (PO4–P) showed a significant increase in the wetland effluent by 8.4 to 209%. Nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), had no significant, or significant effluent increase depending on the inflow rate. Treatment efficiency for particulate nutrients and TAN increased with decreasing hydraulic load, while the differences between 1.8 and 0.9 L/s were not significant. The treatment efficiency for TP was constant for all cells, at around 40%. The wetland receiving 3.9 L/s was over-flooded after 10 to 12 weeks due to colmatation. Nevertheless, the wetland still showed high treatment efficiencies. For commercial trout farms, SSF wetlands are a highly effective method of effluent treatment. A hydraulic load of 1 L/s on 13.3 m2 wetland area (1.8 L/s on the examined wetland) seems most suitable. Higher loads lead to accelerated wetland colmatation, while lower loads waste space.  相似文献   


2.
We have developed poly(allyl amine hydrochloride) (PAA · HCl) polymer hydrogels, that efficiently remove nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), and orthophosphate (PO43−) nutrient anions from the aquaculture wastewater. The hydrogels were prepared by chemically crosslinking linear PAA · HCl chains with epichlorohydrin (EPI). The anion binding capacity of the pH sensitive polymer gels was measured in standard solutions and studied as a function of gel synthesis parameters. Equilibrium NO3–N, NO2–N, and PO4–P loading of 15, 1.6, and 17 mg/g of dry gel, respectively, were calculated from the measurement of decrease in anion concentration in aqueous solutions using UV–vis spectrophotometry. Batch experiments showed that nutrient concentrations in aquaculture wastewater effluents decreased with regard to PO4–P by 98+%, NO3–N by 50+% and NO2–N by 85+% within 3 h of reaction. The regeneration of the hydrogels was demonstrated by the release of bound nutrient anions upon washing the gels with a 1 N NaOH solution. These results have demonstrated that the hydrogels are appropriate materials for treating aquaculture wastewater effluents, and reducing the nutrient anion concentrations to levels, less than 10 mg/l NO3–N, 0.08 mg/l NO2–N, and 0.3 mg/l PO4–P, suitable for discharge into natural surface waters.  相似文献   

3.
利用人工湿地处理海水养殖尾水具有很大的应用前景,其中,脱氮是人工湿地的主要任务之一。基质上栽培的植物和附着的微生物参与的氮循环是人工湿地生物脱氮的主要路径,植物和多种氮代谢菌群在人工湿地内部相互协同与制约,构成了一个复杂的氮代谢网络。海水养殖尾水的高盐度和低碳氮比(C/N)又决定了此类人工湿地独特的处理环境和生物脱氮机制。同时,人工湿地的供氧模式、水力负荷(HRT)、水力停留时间(HLR)等水力条件参数对脱氮效能也有很大影响,对这些指标进行调控和优化,可以提高湿地的整体脱氮性能。本文从海水人工湿地的构建、基质的选取、耐盐植物的筛选、氮循环相关微生物以及运行参数调控四个方面,对近年来海水养殖尾水人工湿地生物脱氮方面的研究进展进行了综述和展望,以期为深入理解海水人工湿地脱氮机制和优化运行方式提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
Three kinds of locally available plastic biofilter media with different configurations (plastic rolls, PVC pipes and scrub pads) were evaluated for their efficiency in organic waste removal from the effluents of an intensive recirculating tilapia culture system. A set of three types of solid-removing filters consisting of screened sedimentation; upflow sand as well as plastic bead filtration accomplished the mechanical filtration. Values of critical metabolic wastes like total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) (0.92 ppm) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) (0.22 ppm) were found to be well within the acceptable limits, while other water quality parameters in the culture water were also maintained within the normal range by the filtration system. Removal rates of 3.46 g TAN/m3 per day and 0.77 g NO2-N/m3 per day, as well as TAN and NO2-N removal efficiencies of 29.37 and 27.3% respectively, were established to be the best for the plastic-roll biofilter medium as compared to PVC-pipe and scrub-pad media. Percent removal of TAN and NO2-N per pass of the biofilter (25.49 and 26.3% respectively) and the specific TAN and NO2-N removal rates (43 and 9.6 mg/m2 per day) of plastic rolls were also found to be superior to the other two biofilter media. Pieces of PVC pipes as biofilter medium is recommended to be used in the biofilters in view of their cheaper cost.  相似文献   

5.
研究了由表面流与水平潜流组成的复合人工湿地联合使用塘内曝气增氧机与人工净化网调控生产性淡水对虾养殖塘水环境的效果与技术。养殖中后期(约60 d后), 湿地以1.65 m/d水力负荷, 3次循环处理虾塘废水, 有效调控虾塘水质, 确保养殖成功。结果表明湿地对废水中有害物质均可程度不等地去除, 蓝绿藻得以控制, 出口水 -N与BOD5分别为极显著(P<0.01)与显著(P<0.05)去除, 去除率与去除速率分别为72.6%, 0.467 g/(m2·d)与29.7%, 2.651 g/(m2·d), -P为41.7%, 0.022 g/(m2·d), TN为26.1%, 2.619 g / (m2?d), CODMn为15.9%, 3.738 g/(m2·d), -N去除率仅3.6%, 但去除速率较高[0.462 g/(m2·d)]。湿地静止4 d期间, 废水中 -N与 -N去除率达96.8%与93.3%, 均极显著去除(P<0.01)。养殖周期试验塘水化学指标均维持在虾安全生长范围内, 收获虾8.81 g, 9.36 cm; 对照塘因爆发蓝绿藻仅养殖60 d, 收获虾3.06 g, 6.54 cm。试验表明, 在不用药、不换水条件下, 联合塘内设施, 人工湿地以较高水力负荷与低频率运转可有效调控虾塘水质, 确保养殖成功。  相似文献   

6.
This study evaluated wood chips and wheat straw as inexpensive and readily available alternatives to more expensive plastic media for denitrification processes in treating aquaculture wastewaters or other high nitrate waters. Nine 3.8-L laboratory scale reactors (40 cm packed height × 10 cm diameter) were used to compare the performance of wood chips, wheat straw, and Kaldnes plastic media in the removal of nitrate from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. These upflow bioreactors were loaded at a constant flow rate and three influent NO3–N concentrations of 50, 120, and 200 mg/L each for at least 4 weeks, in sequence. These experiments showed that both wood chips and wheat straw produced comparable denitrification rates to the Kaldnes plastic media. As much as 99% of nitrate was removed from the wastewater of 200 mg NO3–N/L influent concentration. Pseudo-steady state denitrification rates for 200 mg NO3–N/L influent concentrations averaged (1360 ± 40) g N/(m3 d) for wood chips, (1360 ± 80) g N/(m3 d) for wheat straw, and (1330 ± 70) g N/(m3 d) for Kaldnes media. These values were not the maximum potential of the reactors as nitrate profiles up through the reactors indicated that nitrate reductions in the lower half of the reactors were more than double the averages for the whole reactor. COD consumption per unit of NO3–N removed was highest with the Kaldnes media (3.41–3.95) compared to wood chips (3.34–3.64) and wheat straw (3.26–3.46). Effluent ammonia concentrations were near zero while nitrites were around 2.0 mg NO2–N/L for all reactor types and loading rates. During the denitrification process, alkalinity and pH increased while the oxidation–reduction potential decreased with nitrate removal.

Wood chips and wheat straw lost 16.2% and 37.7% of their masses, respectively, during the 140-day experiment. There were signs of physical degradation that included discoloration and structural transformation. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the media also decreased. Both wood chips and wheat straw can be used as filter media for biological denitrification, but time limitations for the life of both materials must be considered.  相似文献   


7.
为进一步提升人工湿地在微污染水源条件下的同步脱氮除磷能力,以硫铁矿作为湿地填料设计构建了人工湿地装置,并采用挂膜法对硫铁矿进行硫自养型反硝化细菌表面负载,在此基础上研究硫铁矿人工湿地对水体中污染物的去除规律和去除机理,并通过高通量基因测序技术分析硫铁矿表面微生物的群落结构。结果显示,从UASB活性污泥中筛选出的硫自养型反硝化菌活性最高,脱氮效果最好;在微污染水源条件下,硫铁矿潜流人工湿地具有较好的同步脱氮除磷能力,在水力停留时间为60 h条件下,其对水体中的化学需氧量(CODCr)、氨氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的平均去除率分别达到53.5%、60.9%、67.2%、49.2%、46.3%;矿石表面发现菌群群落达到13门以上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为矿石表面最为优势的功能微生物菌群,相对丰度比例占45%左右,硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)为自养反硝化脱氮的主要功能菌属。研究表明,采用硫铁矿作为填料可显著提高人工湿地的脱氮除磷效果,对微污染水体有较好的水质净化效果,以硫源作为反硝化过程的电子供体可以提高低碳源条件下系统的反硝化效果。  相似文献   

8.
Reuse strategy of wastewater in prawn nursery by microbial remediation   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
A strategy of reusing the prawn nursery wastewater was developed by the previous remediation with Bacillus subtilis and nutrients addition. The suggested method was preliminarily verified in rearing prawn larval. Bacteria assimilation is proved as a main and powerful mechanism for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in the experiments. The process of microbial remediation could be featured as two sequential stages: DOM degradation and TAN reduction. In the first stage (from day 0 to day 2), DOM was degraded directly as the bacterial carbon and nitrogen sources. The 48-h COD removal efficiencies (RCOD) in the treatment were 57.7±5.5%, showing significantly different from 12.2±4.1% in control. In the second phase (from day 2 to day 5), the deficiencies of C and P source relative to N source might limit bacteria proliferation and TAN removal. The glucose and/or phosphate addition significantly influenced the TAN removal performance, while the addition of vitamin mixture and/or microelement solution was not. When the initial TAN level was nearly 5 mg N/l, the optimal TAN removal efficiencies from day 2 to day 5 were above 85% in the treatments with both glucose and phosphate additions, where the white microbial floccules were observed to suspend. The C/N or N/P weight ratio of 5.4:1or 5–7:1 was suggested for remediating the nursery effluents. The situation that the maximum bacterial levels did not exceed 108 CFU/ml was estimated to correlate with the formation of microbial floccules. After 5 days of microbial remediation by these adequate methods, the wastewater had been became the “microbially matured” water suitable to reuse. In the practical operations, the nutrient supplements were directed by Glucose/TAN weight ratio of 13:1 and KH2PO4/TAN weight ratio of 0.6–0.9:1. The results of the application trial pointed out that the remediated water reclaimed to the larvae culture tanks did not produce observable deleterious effects on the water quality and on the mortality of the prawn larvae. The method of reusing the remediated wastewater by microbial agents and nutrients additions will be advantageous to reduce both production cost and environmental pollution in the inland hatchery and nursery for prawn.  相似文献   

9.
Ongoing research in recirculation aquaculture focuses on evaluating and improving the purification potential of different types of filters. Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS) are special as they combine sedimentation and biofiltration. An ATS was subjected to high nutrient loads of catfish effluent to examine the effect of total suspended solids (TSS), sludge accumulation and nutrient loading rate on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite and nitrate removal. Nutrient removal rates were not affected at TSS concentration of up to 0.08 g L?1 (P > 0.05). TAN removal rate was higher (0.656 ± 0.088 g m?² day?1 TAN) in young biofilm than (0.302 ± 0.098 g m?² day?1 TAN) in mature biofilm at loading rates of 3.81 and 3.76 g m?² day?1 TAN (P < 0.05), respectively, which were considered close to maximum loading. TAN removal increased with TAN loading, which increased with hydraulic loading rate. There was no significant difference in removal rate for both nitrite and nitrate between young and mature biofilms (P > 0.05). The ATS ably removed nitrogen at high rates from catfish effluent at high loading rates. ATS‐based nitrogen removal exhibits high potential for use with high feed loads in intensive aquaculture.  相似文献   

10.
复合池塘养殖系统湿地水质净化功能研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
由潜流和表面流湿地组成复合人工湿地,与池塘有机结合构成鱼塘-湿地水循环系统应用于草鱼苗种培育,研究了该系统对池塘水质的改善效果。结果显示:在760 mm/d的水力负荷率条件下,复合湿地系统对NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、TN、TP、COD和TSS的平均去除率分别为(33.56±3.71)%、(50.73±3.95)%、(46.33±4.95)%、(27.99±2.78)%、(58.15±3.38)%、(29.60±2.24)%和(84.49±1.77)%;湿地出水水质符合渔业水质标准(GB11607-89)要求。结果表明鱼塘-湿地水循环系统对养殖用水具有较好的净化效果。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号